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Isolation and Characterization of a Bacteriophage of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Water
No full text過去二十年來，在台灣陸續出現新型侵襲性克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌病例。此菌會造成原發性肝膿瘍、敗血性休克、菌血症、轉移性眼內炎、腦膜炎等嚴重病徵。克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌菌體最外層的莢膜與其黏附、毒性有極大關聯，特別是毒性較強的K1和K2莢膜血清型菌株。施打疫苗是疾病預防重要策略之一。市售肺炎鏈球菌疫苗即為複數種莢膜多醣寡分子（capsular polysaccharide oligomers）混合成多效價疫苗。故尋找能夠切割巨大莢膜成小分子，又不影響其免疫原特性之方法是我們努力的目標。已有研究指出噬菌體能對莢膜多醣產生切割降解效果（CPS depolymerization）。因此，在本研究中，我們收取未經處理的原水與克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌K1莢膜血清型菌株NTUH-K2044共同培養，分離出能夠感染此菌株之18個噬菌體候選。經噬菌體純化、DNA萃取與限制性核酸內切酶（EcoRI、HindIII與PstI）剪切反應，得知這些噬菌體均為雙股DNA噬菌體，再由其相同限制性片段長度多態性（restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP）判別為相同噬菌體，並依據片段大小預估其基因組大小約為40Kbp。取噬菌體DNA片段序列與NCBI BLAST資料庫裡的DNA與胺基酸序列做比對，推斷為一全新未知噬菌體，且屬於ΦKMV噬菌體群一員。此外，使用穿透式電子顯微鏡（TEM）可觀察到此噬菌體型態。透過塗點試驗（Spot test）進行此噬菌體宿主範圍分析，發現其對感染克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌K1莢膜血清型菌株具有專一性。目前已完成於噬菌體DNA大片段定序（42.5 Kbp），與進行莢膜多醣降解實驗，結果顯示莢膜多醣可能降解成以數個單醣鏈結之分子存在。在未來，此噬菌體將有機會應用於菌種或菌株之鑑定，以及複合疫苗發展。Klebsiella pneumoniae caused community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess is an emerging infectious disease and is often complicated with metastatic endophthalmitis and septic meningitis. Capsular serotypes, especially K1 and K2, were reported to play an important role in pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae causing pyogenic liver abscess. In this study, bacteriophages were isolated from the co-culture of serotype K1 K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044 strain and sewage. We randomly selected eighteen bacteriophages for further study. By experiments of restriction enzyme digestion, we have known that the genome of bacteriophages were double-stranded DNA and the length of restriction fragments among these eighteen bacteriophages were identical. The genome size of bacteriophage was predicted to be about 40 kbp, and a rough morphology of bacteriophage was observed by transmission electron microscope. Our preliminary result revealed that the sequences of this bacteriophage was novel by comparison with NCBI BLAST databases, and we had a DNA frament covering about 95% area of bacteriophage genome. With spot test for host range, we found the new bacteriophage specifically infected K. pneumoniae serotype K1. In addition, it’s been known that capsular polysaccharide degraded to oligomers after phage treatment could be detected by Western blotting and mass spectrometry. This bacteriophage might be a good candidate for typing, and helps the development of conjugate vaccine.圖目錄..................................................................................................... 3 目錄..................................................................................................... 4 文摘要................................................................................................. 5 文摘要................................................................................................. 6 一章、 緒論........................................................................................ 7 二章、 材料與方法.......................................................................... 11 . 實驗菌株........................................................................................... 11 . 質體及培養基.................................................................................... 11 . 尋找及分離噬菌體............................................................................ 11 . 塗點試驗............................................................................................ 13 . 噬菌體增生........................................................................................ 13 . 噬菌體純化與DNA萃取.................................................................... 14 . 限制性核酸內切酶實驗.................................................................... 15 . 噬菌體DNA選殖................................................................................ 16 . 噬菌體基因體序列分析.................................................................... 17 0. 噬菌體溶菌斑效價分析.................................................................. 18 1. 穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察噬菌體型態.............................................. 18 2. 莢膜多醣抽取法.............................................................................. 19 3. 莢膜多醣與噬菌體交互反應實驗.................................................. 19 4. 十二烷基硫酸鈉膠凝體電泳與西方轉漬...................................... 20 5. 噬菌體對莢膜多醣剪切分析.......................................................... 22 三章、 實驗結果................................................................................23 . 尋找及分離噬菌體與塗點試驗........................................................ 23 . 挑選對克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌菌株NTUH-K2044（K1）具感染能力之噬菌體..................................................................................... 23 . K1噬菌體生物資訊分析與基因體定序........................................... 24 . K1噬菌體溶菌斑效價分析.............................................................. 25 . 穿透式電子顯微鏡TEM觀察K1噬菌體型態.................................. 25 . K1噬菌體宿主範圍分析與對克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌K1莢膜型不同菌株之感染能力............................................................................. 25 . 克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌菌株NTUH-K2044衍生突變株對K1噬菌體感染之敏感度.................................................................................... 26 . K1噬菌體對克雷伯氏肺炎桿菌菌株NTUH-K2044（K1）莢膜多醣之剪切效果............................................................................... 27 四章、 總結與討論........................................................................ 28 五章、 參考文獻............................................................................ 4
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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