71 research outputs found
Studies on Development of Cu-Catalyzed Silyl Addition to Allenes
No full textSilylation;Allene;PhMe2SiBpin;2-Silyl-1;3-butadienes;AllylsilanesABSTRACT i
LIST OF CONTENTS ii
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Backgrounds 1
1.2 Previous reports
1.2.1 Preparation of 2-silyl-1,3-butadienes 1
1.2.2 Preparation of allylsilanes 3
1.3 Our strategy 4
II. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
2.1 Optimization of reaction conditions
2.1.1 Preparation of 2-silyl-1,3-butadiene 5
2.1.2 Preparation of (Z)-allylsilane 8
2.2 Substrate scopes
2.2.1 2-Silyl-1,3-butadienes with 2° allenols 10
2.2.2 2-Silyl-1,3-butadienes with other allenols 12
2.2.3 (Z)-Allylsilanes with mono-substituted allenes 13
2.3 Reaction mechanisms
2.3.1 Proposed catalytic cycle of 2-silyl-1,3-butadienes formation 14
2.3.2 Proposed catalytic cycle of allylsilanes formation 15
2.4 Synthetic applications of 2-silyl-1,3-butadienes 16
III. CONCLUSION 17
IV. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 18
REFERENCE 49
국문 요약문 52MasterdCollectio
JCB889092 Supplemetal Material - Supplemental material for Microvessel occlusions alter amyloid-beta plaque morphology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
No full textSupplemental material, JCB889092 Supplemetal Material for Microvessel occlusions alter amyloid-beta plaque morphology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease by Yuying Zhang, Evan D Bander, Yurim Lee, Celia Muoser, Chris B Schaffer and Nozomi Nishimura in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
Universal hydrogel adhesives with robust chain entanglement for bridging soft electronic materials
No full textEnsuring stable integration of diverse soft electronic components for reliable operation under dynamic conditions is crucial. However, integrating soft electronics, comprising various materials like polymers, metals, and hydrogels, poses challenges due to their different mechanical and chemical properties. This study introduces a dried-hydrogel adhesive made of poly(vinyl alcohol) and tannic acid multilayers (d-HAPT), which integrates soft electronic materials through moisture-derived chain entanglement. d-HAPT is a thin (similar to 1 mu m) and highly transparent (over 85% transmittance in the visible light region) adhesive, showing robust bonding (up to 3.6 MPa) within a short time (<1 min). d-HAPT demonstrates practical application in wearable devices, including a hydrogel touch panel and strain sensors. Additionally, the potential of d-HAPT for use in implantable electronics is demonstrated through in vivo neuromodulation and electrocardiographic recording experiments while confirming its biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. It is expected that d-HAPT will provide a reliable platform for integrating soft electronic applications.
Essays on the Macroeconomics of Market Reforms and Self-Employment
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2020The labor market is undoubtedly the closest and most intimate aspect of the economy that the individuals face. The type of employment has also evolved over time alongside the labor market. While much study has been focused on the labor market, not enough light has been shed on self-employment, which is unique in that it is a form of employment at the borderline of workers and firms. Relating the motivation for starting one's own business to the possibility of finding wage-paying jobs is even rarer, as much of previous literature see self-employment from the perspective of credit constraints or avoiding costly labor and tax regulations. As the share of self-employment is non-negligible (which is especially true in developing, small open economies), a proper understanding of self-employment is crucial in successfully carrying out structural reforms as well. With this agenda in mind, this dissertation seeks to understand two main issues. First is exploring how individuals' decisions towards choosing into self-employment can be tied to the state of the labor market (i.e. the probability of finding wage-paying work). This additional source of employment eventually affects the composition of the labor market and thus the business cycle dynamics. The second topic of the dissertation is studying the consequences of such self-employment on the macroeconomic efficiency and the outcomes of structural reforms on the product and labor markets. The first chapter focuses on the consequences of different decisions regarding the international financial market integration and exchange rate policy in a small open economy, Korea. The chapter is targeted towards a deeper understanding of a combination of policies under two important ingredients in a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model: producer entry into domestic and export markets and labor market frictions. Results show that under flexible exchange rates, access to international financial markets increases the volatility of both business creation and the number of exporting plants, with the effects on employment volatility being more modest. The exchange rate peg can have unfavorable consequences for the effects of terms of trade appreciation, and more financial integration is not necessarily beneficial under a peg. The combination of a floating exchange rate and internationally complete markets would be the best scenario for Korea among those the chapter focuses on. The second chapter introduces workers' endogenous transition in and out of self-employment in the traditional Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides (DMP) framework, while keeping the crucial ingredients in a closed economy DSGE framework as explored in \autoref{chp:fmkorea}. Under such settings, labor market composition becomes more volatile, leading to greater fluctuations and higher welfare costs from business cycles. A comparison with a centrally planned economy shows that self-employment becomes an additional source of inefficiency in the economy. The lack of job creation by the self-employed implies reforms being less effective when targeted towards them. The third chapter brings together the first two chapters by allowing self-employment in a small open economy, calibrated for Korea. Specifically, the hiring firms produce tradable goods and engage in exporting, while the self-employed produce nontradable goods and only serve the domestic market. The model displays a much higher rate of self-employment (around 36% of employment) compared to the closed economy calibrated for the U.S. in the second chapter. It also shows the real exchange rate appreciating and terms of trade depreciating under financial autarky after a productivity shock, where the size of the fluctuations depends on the firm creation in both tradable and nontradable sectors. Allowing international borrowing leads to more consumption smoothing but relatively less entry in both hiring and self-employed firms, with unemployment becoming less volatile and terms of trade initially appreciating
Reducing the United States’ risks of dependency on China in the rare earth market
No full textRare earth elements (REE) are crucial in supporting multiple industries with new technologies. Thus the U.S.’ demand for rare earth oxide (REO) is on the rise. Yet, most of the REO supply comes from China, which exposes the U.S. to supply risks similar to that observed by the export quota imposed by China in 2010–2011. This paper uses supply and demand models to evaluate the effects of the U.S. government\u27s proposed strategies to reduce supply risks associated with potential export restrictions from China. We show that there are multiple policies available to mitigate the impact of China\u27s dominance in the market by attenuating the price increases and supply shortfalls, with the size of the changes depending on the price elasticity of demand and supply for REOs. In addition, there are varying degrees of welfare gains from each proposal. Specifically, reducing domestic demand for newly-extracted REEs through substitution (such as recycling or finding alternatives to REEs in production) provides the largest welfare gains. The next best welfare-improving proposal is discovering new domestic supplies of REOs, followed by plans to gain access to foreign REO sources
Big Data Analysis of the Speed Performance of a 176k DWT Bulk Carrier in Real Operating Conditions
No full textAssessment of ship performance under in-service conditions is challenging due to the complex effects of many environmental disturbances. ISO 15016 and ISO 19030 standards are commonly used to evaluate ship operating performance. However, ISO 15016 requires numerous variables, a complex calculation formula, and considerable time and cost, and ISO 19030 only evaluates the reduction of ship speed caused by wind and neglects the effect of waves. To improve both standards and achieve a more accurate ship performance assessment, this study proposes a new performance prediction model, the multi-input single-output (MISO) system, which assumes that each ship has specific frequency characteristics according to type and size. Based on this new model, in-service navigation data collected from a 176k DWT bulk carrier, which amount to 5.7 million data points, are analyzed to assess the speed performance of the vessel subject to environmental disturbances. The proposed model was validated by comparing its results with ISO 19030 and specifically assessing the speed–power curves and speed reduction measured in operational data with the influence of environmental disturbances removed
＜翻訳＞スンエ・キム（Sunhye Kim）、ナ・ヤング（Na Young）、ユリム・リー（Yurim Lee）韓国の堕胎禁止への挑戦でリプロダクティブ・ジャスティス運動が果たした役割
No full text原著 / スンエ・キム（Sunhye Kim）, ナ・ヤング（Na Young）, ユリム・リー（Yurim Lee）翻訳 / 管生聖子, 塚原久美本論文は、人工妊娠中絶（以下、中絶）に関連する諸問題が韓国政府の人口調整政策によっていかに歴史的に影響を受けてきたか、また韓国の現代のリプロダクティブ・ジャスティス運動がいかに社会変革に寄与したかを調べたものである。2019年4 月11日、韓国の憲法裁判所は中絶禁止が違憲であると判決を下した。これにより、韓国議会は2020年12月31日までに制定66年になる反中絶法（堕胎禁止法）を改訂しなければならなくなった。この歴史的な判決は、韓国の数多くのフェミニスト団体、医師たちの組織、障害者権利グループ、若きアクティビストたち、宗教団体が力を結集し2017年に立ち上げたジョイント・アクション・フォー・リプロダクティブ・ジャスティスのためのジョイント・アクション（Joint Action for Reproductive Justice,以下Joint Action）の運動と密接に関連していた。本論文では、韓国におけるリプロダクティブ・ジャスティス運動の重要な鍵を握っているJoint Actionの運動と活動について論じる。Joint Actionは、障害をもつ女性たちの団体から始まった活動で、ひとたび力を結集してからは、中絶をプロチョイス対プロライフの二項対立を超えた社会正義の問題とする枠組みで捉えることで集合的に活動してきた。本論では、Joint Actionの構成や戦略、主要課題に注目することで、韓国における中絶を脱犯罪化した2019年の憲法裁判所の判決にJoint Actionがいかに影響し、いかにして裁判所が個々人の生殖の健康と権利の保障は国家の責任であるとの判断に至ったかを分析する
Mechanisms of RNA and Protein Quality Control and Their Roles in Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Diseases
No full textCellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is defined as irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to various stimuli. It plays both beneficial and detrimental roles in cellular homeostasis and diseases. Quality control (QC) is important for the proper maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The QC machineries regulate the integrity of RNA and protein by repairing or degrading them, and are dysregulated during cellular senescence. QC dysfunction also contributes to multiple age-related diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative, muscle, and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we describe the characters of cellular senescence, discuss the major mechanisms of RNA and protein QC in cellular senescence and aging, and comprehensively describe the involvement of these QC machineries in age-related diseases. There are many open questions regarding RNA and protein QC in cellular senescence and aging. We believe that a better understanding of these topics could propel the development of new strategies for addressing age-related diseases
An In Silico Study for Expanding the Utility of Cannabidiol in Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutic Development
No full textCannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychoactive component of the cannabis plant, has shown therapeutic potential in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we identified potential CBD targets associated with AD using a drug-target binding affinity prediction model and generated CBD analogs using a genetic algorithm combined with a molecular docking system. As a result, we identified six targets associated with AD: Endothelial NOS (ENOS), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Apolipoprotein E (APOE), Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10), and Presenilin-1 (PSEN1). Furthermore, we generated CBD analogs for each target that optimize for all desired drug-likeness properties and physicochemical property filters, resulting in improved pIC50 values and docking scores compared to CBD. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were applied to analyze each target’s CBD and highest-scoring CBD analogs. The MD simulations revealed that the complexes of ENOS, MPO, and ADAM10 with CBD exhibited high conformational stability, and the APP and PSEN1 complexes with CBD analogs demonstrated even higher conformational stability and lower interaction energy compared to APP and PSEN1 complexes with CBD. These findings demonstrated the capable binding of the six identified targets with CBD and the enhanced binding stability achieved with the developed CBD analogs for each target
Selected Phytochemicals and Culinary Plant Extracts Inhibit Fructose Uptake in Caco-2 Cells
No full textThis study compared the ability of nine culinary plant extracts containing a wide array of phytochemicals to inhibit fructose uptake and then explored the involvement of intestinal fructose transporters and phytochemicals for selected samples. The chemical signature was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Inhibition of [14C]-fructose uptake was tested by using human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Then, the relative contribution of the two apical-facing intestinal fructose transporters, GLUT2 and GLUT5, and the signature components for fructose uptake inhibition was confirmed in naive, phloretin-treated and forskolin-treated Caco-2 cells. HPLC/MS analysis of the chemical signature revealed that guava leaf contained quercetin and catechin, and turmeric contained curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin and dimethoxycurcumin. Similar inhibition of fructose uptake (by ~50%) was observed with guava leaf and turmeric in Caco-2 cells, but with a higher contribution of GLUT2 for turmeric and that of GLUT5 for guava leaf. The data suggested that, in turmeric, demethoxycurcumin specifically contributed to GLUT2-mediated fructose uptake inhibition, and curcumin did the same to GLUT5-mediated fructose uptake inhibition, but GLUT2 inhibition was more potent. By contrast, in guava leaf, catechin specifically contributed to GLUT5-mediated fructose uptake inhibition, and quercetin affected both GLUT5- and GLUT2-mediated fructose uptake inhibition, resulting in the higher contribution of GLUT5. These results suggest that demethoxycurcumin is an important contributor to GLUT2-mediated fructose uptake inhibition for turmeric extract, and catechin is the same to GLUT5-mediated fructose uptake inhibition for guava leaf extract. Quercetin, curcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin contributed to both GLUT5- and GLUT2-mediated fructose uptake inhibition, but the contribution to GLUT5 inhibition was higher than the contribution to GLUT2 inhibition
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