200 research outputs found
Developmental trajectories of behavior problems of youth involved in child welfare: influence of caregiver and peer relationships
No full textThis dissertation examined the developmental trajectories of adolescent youth involved with the child welfare system, particularly focusing on their externalizing and internalizing behavioral problems. The study investigated how adolescents’ relationships with caregivers and peers change over time and how they affect these behavioral outcomes. The study also explored whether removing youth from their biological family predicted distinct trajectories of behavior functioning compared to those who remained at home. Data are from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW), a national probability sample of children and adolescents who have contact with child protective services. Two types of structural equation modeling (SEM), latent growth curve modeling and cross-lagged designs were conducted using M-Plus. All analyses were conducted with sample weights.
Youths reported significantly decreasing internalizing behavior problems over the study period of 36 months. On the other hand, externalizing problems remained considerably stable over time. In order to investigate if youth had different development trajectories depending on whether they stayed at home or were placed in out-of-home care, the sample was divided into four placement groups, i.e., out-of-home youth, in-home youth, the initial out-of-home youth (those who returned home later), and the initial in-home youth (those who were removed from home later). When group differences were investigated, youths did not show significant differences in the initial levels and rates of change of internalizing or externalizing problems over time. In addition, relationships with caregivers and peers were found to be comparable across four groups. Caregiver and peer relationships were significantly related to youths’ internalizing and externalizing problems at baseline as well as over time. When temporal causal relations among caregiver relationships, peer relationships, and behavior problems were investigated, externalizing problems of youth at 18 months were found to affect their caregiver and peer relationships at 36 months.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-113)by Inseon Le
Figure_S2 – Supplemental material for Ectopic transient overexpression of <i>OCT-4</i> facilitates BMP4-induced osteogenic transdifferentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
No full textSupplemental material, Figure_S2 for Ectopic transient overexpression of OCT-4 facilitates BMP4-induced osteogenic transdifferentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by Seung Hyun L Kim, Seunghun S Lee, Inseon Kim, Janet Kwon, Song Kwon, Taegeun Bae, Junho Hur, Hwajin Lee and Nathaniel S Hwang in Journal of Tissue Engineering</p
suppl_tables – Supplemental material for Ectopic transient overexpression of <i>OCT-4</i> facilitates BMP4-induced osteogenic transdifferentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
No full textSupplemental material, suppl_tables for Ectopic transient overexpression of OCT-4 facilitates BMP4-induced osteogenic transdifferentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by Seung Hyun L Kim, Seunghun S Lee, Inseon Kim, Janet Kwon, Song Kwon, Taegeun Bae, Junho Hur, Hwajin Lee and Nathaniel S Hwang in Journal of Tissue Engineering</p
Figure_S1 – Supplemental material for Ectopic transient overexpression of <i>OCT-4</i> facilitates BMP4-induced osteogenic transdifferentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
No full textSupplemental material, Figure_S1 for Ectopic transient overexpression of OCT-4 facilitates BMP4-induced osteogenic transdifferentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by Seung Hyun L Kim, Seunghun S Lee, Inseon Kim, Janet Kwon, Song Kwon, Taegeun Bae, Junho Hur, Hwajin Lee and Nathaniel S Hwang in Journal of Tissue Engineering</p
Enhanced stability and reusability of marine epoxide hydrolase using ship-in-a-bottle approach with magnetically-separable mesoporous silica
No full textWe developed magnetically-separable and highly-stable biocatalyst system of Mugil cephalus epoxide hydrolase (McEH) for enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic epoxides. McEH protein was adsorbed and cross-linked into mesoporous silica with bottle-neck mesopores, which effectively prevented the leaching of cross-linked McEH in a larger mesocellular pores. This ship-in-a-bottle approach allows for highly loaded and stable McEH system. For example, free McEH showed only 7.5% of initial activity under shaking condition at 80 h while ship-in-a-bottled McEH retained 79.5% of initial activity in the same condition. Stable McEH in magnetically-separable mesoporous silica could achieve the yield of 45% for the preparation of enantiopure (S)-styrene oxide with 98%ee. The magnetic nanoparticles pre-incorporated in mesoporous silica enabled an easy recovery of immobilized McEH for repetitive batch resolutions of racemic styrene oxide, allowing for more than 50% of the initial activity was retained after seven recycled uses. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Crosslinked chitosan coating on magnetic mesoporous silica with pre-adsorbed carbonic anhydrase for carbon dioxide conversion
No full textCarbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme converting CO2 to bicarbonate, was adsorbed into magnetically-separable spherical mesocellular siliceous foam (Mag-S-MCF). Then, chitosan was adsorbed onto the surface of Mag-S-MCF with pre-adsorbed enzymes, and further crosslinked via the glutaraldehyde treatment. The resulting composite materials, the crosslinked chitosan coating on Mag-S-MCF with pre-adsorbed CA (ADS-CA/CS-GA), could effectively prevent leaching of enzymes, showing no decrease of enzyme activity under shaking (200 rpm) for 85 days. ADS-CA/CS-GA also showed no activity decrease under recycled uses via facile magnetic separation, and could be successfully used for the biocatalytic CO2 conversion to bicarbonate, which was further utilized to generate calcium carbonate in the second batch reactor. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Automated emergency vehicle control strategy based on automated driving controls
No full textThis study proposes an integrated driving control strategy by taking advantage of the automated driving technology at the individual vehicle level and the traffic signal preemption strategy at the traffic infrastructure level. This aims to facilitate an automated driving-based emergency vehicle control and ultimately to achieve efficient and safe control of emergency vehicles. To this end, this study developed the integrated emergency vehicle control logic, implemented the logic in the microscopic traffic simulation environment using the simulation software's application programming interface capability, and evaluated the impacts of the proposed emergency vehicle control logic in the aspects of mobility and safety with different driving aggressiveness and preemption initiation settings. The study's results show that the proposed emergency vehicle control logic achieved benefits on mobility and safety and the benefits of emergency vehicle control strategy can be maximized when the signal preemption and the automated driving control operate in collaboration. Therefore, the proposed integrated approach of automated driving controls and signal preemption will be a great reference for enhancing automated driving technologies supporting a safe and fast mobility solution.</p
Stabilized glycerol dehydrogenase for the conversion of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone
No full textThe biodiesel industry generates glycerol as a main by-product, and the conversion of glycerol to value-added products is an important issue. Glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) can catalyze the conversion of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is used as a tanning agent in cosmetics and is much more expensive than glycerol. In this study, GDH was adsorbed into magnetically-separable mesoporous silica with 38 nm mesocellular pores connected via 18 nm window rhesopores (adsorbed GDH, called ADS), and further crosslinked via a simple glutaraldehyde treatment to prepare nanoscale enzyme reactors of GDH (NERs of GDH, called NER). When the stabilities of free and immobilized GDH were monitored in an aqueous buffer under shaking (200 rpm), the residual activities of the free GDH and ADS could no longer be detected after 8 days and 22 days, respectively, while the NER maintained 64% of its initial activity even after 24-day incubation. The time-dependent conversion of glycerol to DHA was measured for both ADS and NER not only by analyzing the generation of NADH spectrophotometrically (340 nm) but also via the HPLC analysis measuring the increase of the DHA peak. Magnetically-separable NER maintained 39% of its initial activity after seven cycles of repeated use, while the residual activity of ADS dropped to 13% of its initial activity after only two recycled uses. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cerebral Blood Volume Calculated by Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MR Imaging: Preliminary Correlation Study with Glioblastoma Genetic Profiles
No full textPurpose: To evaluate the usefulness of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) enhanced perfusion MR imaging in predicting
major genetic alterations in glioblastomas.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients (M:F = 13:12, mean age: 52.1615.2 years) with pathologically proven
glioblastoma who underwent DSC MR imaging before surgery were included. On DSC MR imaging, the normalized relative
tumor blood volume (nTBV) of the enhancing solid portion of each tumor was calculated by using dedicated software
(Nordic TumorEX, NordicNeuroLab, Bergen, Norway) that enabled semi-automatic segmentation for each tumor. Five major
glioblastoma genetic alterations (epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), Ki-
67, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and p53) were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and analyzed
for correlation with the nTBV of each tumor. Statistical analysis was performed using the unpaired Student t test, ROC
(receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis and Pearson correlation analysis.
Results: The nTBVs of the MGMT methylation-negative group (mean 9.567.5) were significantly higher than those of the
MGMT methylation-positive group (mean 5.461.8) (p = .046). In the analysis of EGFR expression-positive group, the nTBVs of
the subgroup with loss of PTEN gene expression (mean: 10.368.1) were also significantly higher than those of the subgroup
without loss of PTEN gene expression (mean: 5.662.3) (p = .046). Ki-67 labeling index indicated significant positive
correlation with the nTBV of the tumor (p = .01).
Conclusion: We found that glioblastomas with aggressive genetic alterations tended to have a high nTBV in the present
study. Thus, we believe that DSC-enhanced perfusion MR imaging could be helpful in predicting genetic alterations that are
crucial in predicting the prognosis of and selecting tailored treatment for glioblastoma patients.1011Nsciescopu
Cell-free Biosynthesis of Peptidomimetics
No full textA wide variety of peptidomimetics (peptide analogs) possessing innovative biological functions have been brought forth as therapeutic candidates through cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems. A key feature of these peptidomimetic drugs is the use of non-canonical amino acid building blocks with diverse biochemical properties that expand functional diversity. Here, we summarize recent technologies leveraging CFPS platforms to expand the reach of peptidomimetics drugs. We also offer perspectives on engineering the translational machinery that may open new opportunities for expanding genetically encoded chemistry to transform drug discovery practice beyond traditional boundaries
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