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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
(The) Effect of social support intervention on mood and maternal confidence of premature's mothers
No full text간호학과/박사[한글]
만삭아 보다 취약한 미숙아를 분만예정일보다 일찍 분만하게 될 때 어머니는위기를 경험하며 스트레스를 느끼고, 그로 인해 불안, 두려움, 슬픔,죄의식, 무력감, 우울 등의 부정적인 정서를 경험하게 된다. 이러한 미숙아를 양육하게 될 때 어머니는 자신감이 결여되어 양육지식과 기술에 대한정보를 원한다. 이와 같은 미숙아어머니들의 문제를 해결해 주기 위한 유용한 방법은 사회적지지중재이다.
본 연구에서는 미숙아 어머니를 지지해 주어 정서를 긍정적으로 유도하고 양육에 관한 정보를 제공하여 모성역할자신감을 높여주기 위하여 5주동안 5회에 걸쳐 개별적으로 미숙아어머니에게 제공하는 사회적지지중재의 효과를 보기 위한 비동등성 대조군 사후반복처치 유사실험설계를 사용하였다.
연구기간은 1998년 10월 10일부터 1999년 4월 30일 까지이고, 연구대상자는 동일시에 소재한 D병원과 F병원에 입원한 미숙아의 어머니로 실험군 27명, 대조군 23명으로 총 50명이었다. 실험처치인 사회적지지중재는 퇴원 전 5-10일부터 퇴원 후 4주까지 5주간 5회에 걸쳐 제공되었다. 자료수집은 두 차례의 사후조사로 설문지를 이용해 수집되었다.
연구도구는 정서측정도구로 Profile of Mood State를 Lee(1990)가 한국어로 번역한 것을 사용하였고, 모성역할자신감의 측정은 어머니의 지각척도(Wolke 등, 1987)를 임혜경(1999)이 번역하여 사용한 것을 사용하였으며,그 외에 인지된 사회적지지 측정도구로 Norbeck의 NSSQ를 오가실(1984)이 번역한 도구를 사용하였고, 아기기질의 측정도구로는 Degree of BotherInventory를 기초로 이혜경(1992)이 개발한 아기기질척도를 사용하였다.
자료분석은 SPSS를 이용하여 frequency, chi-square test와 t-test를 사용하였으며, 추가분석으로 실험군의 시기별 종속변수의 변화를 분석하기위해 Repeated MANOVA를 사용하였다.
연구결과는 다음과 같다.
1. 실험처치 전 실험군과 대조군의 일반적 특성, 인지된 사회적지지, 아기기질은 유의한 차이가 없어서 두 군은 모든 항목에서 유사하였다.
2. 사회적지지중재의 효과를 보기 위한 가설검증을 위해 2차 사후조사시기인 퇴원 후 4주시의 어머니의 정서와 모성역할자신감의 실험군과 대조군의 평균점수를 t-test로 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다.
제 1 가설인 "사회적지지중재를 받은 미숙아 어머니의 정서상태는 받지않은미숙아어머니보다 긍정적일 것이다." 는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없어서 기각되었다. (t: ,799, p=.429). 그러나 평균점을 비교해 보면 실험군의 어머니정서(49.68)가 대조군(51.38)보다 더 긍정적이었다.
제 2 가설인 "사회적지지중재를 받은 미숙아 어머니의 모성역할 자신감의 점수는 받지 않은 미숙아어머니보다 높을 것이다"는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있어 지지되었다(t: 3.667, p=.001). 즉 사회적지지중재가 실험군의 모성역찰자신감을 통계적으로 유의하게 높였다.
3. 시기별 미숙아 어머니의 정서점수는, 퇴원 전이 제일 높아 평균 52.29로 가장 부정적으로 나타났고 퇴원 후에 낮아져 평균 49.68로 긍정적이었다가 퇴원 4주일 후에 다시 평균 50.07로 부정적으로 되었다가 퇴원 6주일후에는 평균 49.22로 가장 긍정적이 되었다. 시기별 미숙아어머니의 모성역할자신감의 점수는, 퇴원 후 3일째에 평균 31.07이고 퇴원 4주일 후에 평균 36.75로 높아졌으며, 퇴원 6주일 후에는 평균 37.74로 나타나 가장 높아져 시간이 지남에 따라 모성역할자신감은 계속 높아졌다.
4. 시기별 실험군의 어머니의 정서와 모성역할자신감의 변화를 통계적으로 검증하기 위해 Repeated MANOVA로 분석한 결과, 실험군의 어머니의 정서는 조사시기별 점수의 변화는 유의한 차이가 없었으며(Wilks value= .80690, p= .154),모성역할자신감의 조사시기별 점수의 변화는 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(Wilks value = .48861, p = .000).
실험군의 모성역할자신감은 1차 사후조사시기인 퇴원 후 3일과 2차 사후조사시기인 퇴원 후 4주 사이에는 모성역할자신감의 변화가 유의하게 차이가 있었으며(F=17.49, p=.000 ), 1차 · 2차 사후조사시기인, 퇴원 후 3일 ·퇴원 후 4주와퇴원 후 6주 사이에도 모성역할자신감의 변화가 유의하게 차이가 있어서(F=22.97, p=.000 ) 변화가 계속 유지되었다.
이상의 연구결과로 볼 때, 미숙아 어머니들에게 사회적지지중재를 제공하는 것은 모성역할자신감을 확실히 높혀주고 어머니들의 정서를 지지해주므로 실무적용의 가치가 있다.
본 연구의 프로토콜을 기초로, 제시된 적용방안을 보충하여 고위험 간호대상자인 미숙아의 간호방향을 제시하였고,간호의 영역을 병원에서 가정으로까지 연결시키는 데에 본 연구가 기여했다고 생각한다.
[영문]
It is the big crises to mother who delivers a premature earlier than expected delivery date and she is experiencing anxiety, hostility, fear, guilt, powerless, depression etc related to her premature. Mother of a premature usually feels lack of confidence and wants to get more information on the knowledge of properly caring her premature baby. One effective method in mitigating such anxiety is the social support intervention.
The social support Intervention is known to induce improved mood state and provide information on caretaking so as to increase the matemal confidence in the mother of a premature. To systematically investigate its effect, this study employed a nonequivalent randomized post-repeated quasi -experimental design. The intervention was given individually to mothers of prematures five times spanning five weeks.
The sample consisted of the 50 mothers of a premature hospitalized in two huspitals in Taegu during October 10, 1998 and April 30, 1999. In the sample, twenty seven mothers were the expenmental group and the remaining twenty three were the control group. The social support intervention in the form of an expenmental treatment was provided individually five times during a period from five to tendays before her baby's dischargeto four weeks after the discharge. The data were collected usingt he structured questionalres twlce as post tests.
Various instruments were used in this study. The Profile of Mood State developed by Lee(1990) was used to measure the mothers'mood state, Mother and Baby Scales by Wolke et al(1987) to measure the maternal confidence, and Norbeck Social Support
Questionaire by Oh(1984) to measure the perceived social support. Also the degree of bother inventory (1992, Lee) was used to measure the baby's temperament.
The collected data were analyzed by means of frequency, chi-square test, t-test, and repeated MANOVA using SPSS.
The results are as follows:
1. Before the experimental treatment there existed no statistically significant difference in general characteristics such as parents age and weights between the experimental group and the control group, indicating tile homogeneity of the two
groups
2. For the hypothesis test to see the effect of the social support intervention, the mean of the experimental group and the control group was compared by means of t-test and the following results are obtained.
Hypothesis Ⅰ. " The mood state of mothers with social support intervention Is more positive than that of the mothers without such intervention." was not statistically supported and thus discarded ( t=.799, p=.425). However the mean scores were 49.68 and 51.38 for the experimantal and control group, respectively,
indicating more positive mood for the experimental group.
Hypothesis Ⅱ. "The maternal confidence of mothers with social support intervention is higher than that of the mothers without the intervention." was statistically supported (t=3.667,p= .001) .
3. The mean score of the mood state was highest before discharge (52.29), meaning most negative, declined to 49.68 shortly after the discharge, again increased a bit to 50.07 at four weeks after the discharge, and stabilized to 49.22 around six weeks after the discharge. On the other hand the mean score of the maternal confidence was 31.07 at three days of the discharge, increased to 36.75 at four weeks after the discharge, and further increased to 37.74 around six weeks of discharge, indicating that the confidence increased with time.
4. To statistically examine the changes in the mood state and the maternal confidence with time, Repeated MANOVA was applied to the collected data. There found to be no statistically significant changes (W=.8069, p=.154) in the mood state, but in the maternal confidence, the changes were statistically significant(W=.48861, p=.000). The experimental group showed significant changes In the material confidence from three days to four weeks after the discharge (F=17.49, p=.000), and from three days four weeks after the discharge to six weeks after thedischarge (F=72.97, p=.000).
In view of the above results, it is concluded that the social support intervention with a preprogrammed protocol has the definite positive effect on increasing the material confidence andpositive effect on improving mother's mood state.restrictio
(A) correlation study for the degree of the uncertainty in illness and the coping style with state anxeity
No full text간호학과/석사[한글]
환자들은 누구나 병원에 입원하게 될 때, 자신의 질환에 대해 관심을 기울이게 된다. 이때 환자가 자신의 질환에 대해 불확실하게 느끼게 되면 이는 스트레스를 일으키는 중요한 요인의 하나로 불안을 유발하게 된다.
사람은 또한 누구나 자기 나름대로의 독특한 대응양상을 갖고 있어서, 이러한 스트레스 요인을 만나게 되면 자기 고유의 대응양상으로 대처하여 불안을 줄이려는 노력을 하게 된다. 특히 대응양상 중에서 과민형이 억압형보다 위협을 주는 응급한 상황에서 더욱 불안을 많이 경험하게 된다.
따라서 본 연구의 목적은 입원시 환자가 경험하게 되는 질환에 대한 불확실성이 환자가 느끼는 상태불안과 어떠한 관계가 있으며 또 대응양상이 어떻게 상태불안에 관련하는 가를 확인하고 질환에 대한불화실성의 요인을 분석하므로써, 입원환자의 불안을 예방하고
감소시키기 위한 효율적인 간호의 근거를 제공하기 위함이다.
연구대상은 1984년 4월 13일부터 5월 4일까지 20일간 서울시내의 Y대학교 부속 S병원, Y병원과 K의료원에서 연구기준에 적합한 일반내과, 외과환자 중에서 협조를 수락한 114명으로 하였다.
자료수집방법은 구조화된 질문지를 사용하여 질문지법과 면담방법을 사용하였다.
연구도구로는 질환에 대한 불확실성 측정에 Mishel이 개발한The Mishel Uncertainty in illness Beale (MUIS) 을 사전조사를 거쳐 수정, 보완한후 신뢰도를 검정하여 사용하였고, 대응양상의 측정을 위하여 Byrne의 Repression - Sensitization Scale을 연구자가 사전 조사하여서 문항을 줄여 만든 도구를 사용하였다. 불안의 측정을 위해 Spielberger 의 State - Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)를 김정택이 번역한 도구를 사용하였다.
자료분석은 ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Partial Correlation Coefficient, Stepwise Miltiple Regression analysis로 분석하였다.
연구결과는 다음과 .같다.
1. 질환에 대한 불확실성 정도와 일반적 특성과의 관계를 보면 미혼이 기혼보다 질환에 대한 불확실성이 높았고( F = 3.733, p <.05 ), 학력이 낮은 그룹이 높은 그룹보다 불확실성이 높았으며 ( F = 3.148, P < .05 ), 진단명을 모르는 그룹이 아는 그룹보다 불확실
성이 높았고 ( F= 12.097, p < .001 ),순환기계, 호흡기계, 소화기계, 내분비대사계, 비뇨생식기계 순으로 불확실성이 높았다 ( F + 3.094, p < .05 ).
2. 질환에 대한 불확실성의 요인은 질환과 관련된 애매모호성, 질환과 관련된 불예측성, 질환과 관련된 사항에 대한 정보의 부족, 불완전한 진단명, 불분명한 설명과 불분명한 의료진의 책임한계 ,모르는 증상의 변화와 의료진과의 의사소통의 부족과 같은 7가지로
분석되었다.
3. 가설검정을 위한 대응양상과 상태불안 정도와 일반적 특성과의 관계를 살펴보면, 대응양상에서는 여자가 남자보다 과민형이었으며( F=5.111, p<.05), 학력이 낮은 그룹이 높은 그룹보다 과민형이었고( F=3.889, p<.05), 경제상태가 상인 그룹이 하인 그룹보다 과민형 이였다 (F=5.04, p<.01).
상태불안은 여자가 남자보다 높았으며 (F=8.691, p<.01), 학력이 낮은 그룹이 높은 그룹보다 높았고(F= 7.080, p<.01), 계획된 입원이 응급입원보다 높았다 (F=4.240, p<.05).
4. 문헌고찰을 근거로 한 가설검정에서는
제1가설, '질환에 대한 불확실성이 높을수록 상태불안은 높을 것이다 ' 는 지지되었다 (r =.4924, p<.001).
제2가설, '대응양상이 과민형일수록 상태불안은 높을 것이다 ' 는 지지되었다 (r=.6037, p<.001).
5. 질환에 대한 불확실성과 상태불안과의 상관관계를 더욱 확실히 규명하기 위한 추가검정에서 .상태불안에 영향을 주는 대응양상이나 일반적인 특성인 성별, 학력, 입원종류를 통제하고도 질환에 대한 불확실성과 상태불안과의 상관관계는 통계적으로 유의하였다 : r=.3599, p<.001). 따라서 제 1가설인, '질환에 대한 불화실성이 높을수록 상태불안은 높을 것이다'는 더욱 지지되었다.
6. 상태불안에 영향을 주는 변수들의 설명력을 보기 위한 추가검정에서는 대응양상이 36.45%, 질환에 대한 불확실성이 8. 5%, 입원종류가 2.33%, 성별이 1.52%, 학력이 0.11%로 5가지 변수가 상태불안의 49.4%의 설명력을 가졌다.
이와 같은 연구결과로 미루어 환자의 대응양상을 고려하여 환자의 불안정도를 예측하고 조정하며 ,질환에 대한 불확실성을 감소시키므로써 효율적인 간호를 제공하기 위한 간호중재의 구체적인 방안이 필요하다고 본다.
[영문]
Most patients are concern more about their illness when they are hospitalized. Uncertainty in their illness often causes internal stress and as a result they become overly anxious.
Everybody has his or her own way of coping when faced with such stress factors, and each person uses their own methods to reduce the anxiety. Individually unique coping styles can generally be classified into two groups, repression and sensitization. And in emergency situation, a person who uses sensitized coping style tends to exhibit higher level of anxiety than a person who uses repressed coping style does.
Consequently this study is aimed at exploring the relationship between the uncertainty in illness and the anxiety of hospitalized patients, and further to see which coping styles are used by patients in relationship to anxiety, thereby proposing a basis for efficient, effective nursing intervention.
The subjects of this study were l14 patients randomly selected in medical and surgical wards of three general hospitals in Seoul. A formalized questionaires consisting of 79 items was used in the survey.
The Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale. Byrne's Repression-Sensitization Scale and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety In-ventory were used to measure the uncertainty in illness, the coping style, and the anxiety of the patient respectively. A protest was conducted on the questionaire items for the reliability.
The results gathered were analized by means of statistical methods such as ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient , Partial Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The conclusions of this analysis are summarized as follows :
1. Patients exhibit a decreasing degree of uncertainty in accordance with the following order of illness in symptoms; circulatory system, respiratory system, castro-intestinal system, endocrine system, and urogenital system (F=3.094, p<.05).
A higher level of uncertainty was seen among unmarried respondants (F=3.733, p<.05), less educated respondants (F=3.148, p<.05), and respondants who did not know the diagnosis (F=12.097, p<.001).
2. The uncertainty in illness is analized to contain one or more of the following seven factors : ambiguity, unpredictability, lack of information, incomplete diagnosis, vague explanation and unclear extent of responsibility healed by each member of the medical team, fluctuating course of symptom remissions and exacerbations, and lack of communication.
3. For testing the hypothesis, coping style and state anxiety were measured. It was observed that sensitization coping style is prevalent among woman over man (F=5.111, p<.05)less educated over well educated (F=3.889, p<.05), and rich over poor (F=5.04, p<.01). The state anxiety, was noted as having a higher level among woman (F=8-691, p<.01), less educated (P=7.080, p<.01), and planned admitted patients (F=4.240,p<.05).
4. The first hypothesis that patients who feel higher level of uncertainty in their illness show higher degree of anxiety was supported with the statistics of r=0.4924 and p<.001 against the alternative hypothesis. And the second hypothesis that patients who exhibit sensitized coping styles feel higher levels of anxiety was also supported with the statistics of r=0.6037 and p<.001.
5. Even with covariating, coping styles affecting state anxiety, and general characteristics of individual patients such as sex, level of educational and kind of illness, a correlation was noted between uncertainty and state anxiety and was supported(r=.3559, p<.001). This confirms the first hypothesis more strongly in a statistical sense.
6. A total of the variance in state anxiety was explained in terms of coping style (36.45%), uncertainty in illness(8.5%), planned or emergency admission (2.33%), sex (l.52%), and level of education (0.11%).
From the above results , it appears that predicting and controlling the uncertainty in illness by considering coping style of each patient would be necessary for an improved, efficient nursing intervention.restrictio
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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