136 research outputs found
Bargaining and Search: An Experimental Study
No full textWe study experimentally two versions of a model in which a buyer and a seller bargain over the price of a good; however, the buyer can choose to leave the negotiation table to search for other alternatives. Under one version, if the buyer chooses to search for a better price, the opportunity to purchase the good at the stated price is gone. Under the second version, the seller guarantees the same price if the buyer chooses to return immediately after a search (presumably because a better price could not be found). In both cases, the buyer has a fairly good idea about what to expect from the search, but because the search is costly, he has to weigh the potential benefits of the search against its cost. It turns out (theoretically) that adding search to a simple bargaining mechanism eliminates some unsatisfactory features of bargaining theory. Our experiment reveals that the model can account for some (but not all) of the behavioral regularities. In line with recent developments in behavioral decision theory and game theory, which assume bounded rationality and preferences over the relative division of a surplus, we find that subjects follow simple rules of thumb and distributional norms in choosing strategies, which are reflected in the behavioral consistencies observed in this study.Bargaining, search, outside option, ultimatum game
Gender difference on the development of metabolic syndrome: a population-based study in Taiwan
No full text
Technological Asymmetry, Externality, and Merger: The Case of a Three-Firm Industry
No full textWe construct a model of three firms oligopoly with homogeneous goods and portray situations where firms fail to merge into monopoly. although such a merger maximizes aggregate profits. The degree of technological asymmetry and the effects of externalities determine the outcome via their effects on the profitability of a bilateral merger. There are situations when an inefficient firm. that cannot survive in a Cournot competition. obtains a positive payoff in the grand coalition. There are also cases when the efficient firm has a disadvantage to bargain
A Study of Taiwan’s Aborigines Historical Novel─ Based on Aspect of the Han Author
No full text對於臺灣原住民的書寫，始自書寫者體認到原住民為臺灣人種特色之一時，便已開啟。歷史小說中作者將原住民寫入，由清際的講史小說為始，後又有日據時期的歷史小說，但其中的描述過於簡略，對原住民的描繪模糊且刻板，襲用了漢人對他族的固定描寫模式。二次戰後，臺灣漢族作者紛紛展開新文學的創作，首部原住民長篇歷史小說也於1970年誕生，自此每隔數年便有作者以原住民為題材創作歷史小說，至今傳寫不絶。 觀察漢族作者的原住民歷史書寫，其偏好題材有三，一為歷史事件，二為族群變遷，三為神秘族群。每類型的發展均有脈絡可尋，並可由書寫模式得知作者對原住民歷史的觀點。在創作取材與藝術上，作者偏好「原住民素材」，亦即有關原住民社會文化的題材，作者描述、謳歌原民文化，進而去除原住民污名。對於人物的書寫，作者刻劃的同時，表達了對原住民人物的理解和希冀。在創作意涵中，作者則在書中呈現了顛覆史觀、譴責殖民、重溯血緣、反映失落等內容，也意圖重整族群關係。 促使漢族作者投入此區塊創作的原因除了歷史政治、社會文化等外緣因素，漢族作者的同情和原罪心理，亦顯現在作品之中。至於漢族作者的代言與詮釋仍有部分疑慮待釐清，目前有兩部原住民作者的同類創作可供參照，待日後雙方於此有更多的作品時，漢族及原住民作者的書寫亦可成相互參考對照的文學體系。As regards the writing of the Taiwanese aborigines, it starts at the writer that the aborigines are considered one of the characteristics of the Taiwanese ethnic group. The author writes the aborigines into in the historical novel from speaking historical novel in the Ching Dynasty to Japanese occupation period, but the description among them is too simple, indistinct and monotonous; and the description way inherited the Hans’ style. After the world war two, the Hans’ authors in Taiwan launch into new-vernacular literature creation. Since the first of aboriginal historical novel was born in 1970, there are aboriginal novels been created in every year.he observation of the aboriginal history written by the Hans’ nationality author has three partialities for subject matter: one is a historical incident, two is changed for the ethnicity, and three is the mysterious ethnicity. The development of every type has sequence of ideas that can be sought, and can learn author''s view on aboriginal''s history from the way of writing. In creating art, the author especially has a partiality for “aboriginal’s material”, namely the subject matter about aboriginal’s social culture, which describes and sings the praises of the people’s culture, and then gets rid of aboriginal''s corrupt name. Regarding as aboriginal personage writing, the author also described aboriginal roles with all effort, and expressed understanding and expecting of the aboriginal personage. In creating meaning, the specific author has subverted the contents, such as history view, colonization condemned, back tracing blood relationship and losing reflected, as well as reorganization the ethnicity''s relation.he reasons for pushing the Hans’ nationality author to attend the aboriginal historical novel creation are not only social culture and historical politics, but it also has sympathy and original sin psychology of the Hans’ author in their works. The representative and explanation by the Hans’ authors have some doubts to be distinguished. Until now, there are two references of the historical novel written by aboriginals'' authors, hopefully, when the Hans’ and aboriginals'' nationality authors have more works herein in the future, the literature system of the writing contents can be reference and comparison by each other.中文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．I一章 緒論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．一節 研究動機．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．漢族作者跨族書寫的檢視．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．漢族作者書寫他族圖像的觀察．．．．．．．．．．．．．．二節 研究範圍．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．臺灣原住民之定義．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．歷史小說之定義．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．研究範圍．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．三節 文獻探討．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．研究文本概述．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．研究文獻回顧．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．0四節 研究目的、方法及步驟．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5．研究目的．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5．研究方法與步驟．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6二章 原住民長篇歷史小說寫作概況．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8一節 清際與日據長篇歷史小說中的原住民．．．．．．．．．．．．8．清際講史小說．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8．日據時期創作．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5二節 原住民長篇歷史小說寫作分期．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9．1945－1970年．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9．1971－1980年．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．0．1981－1990年．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．0．1991－2000年．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1．2001－2007年．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2三節 原住民長篇歷史小說興起背景．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5．歷史與政治的生成．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5．社會與文化的催生．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3結．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1三章 原住民長篇歷史小說主題類型．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3一節 以歷史事件書寫．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3．發展概況及類型特色．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3．主題類型．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．7二節 以族群變遷書寫．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2．發展概況及類型特色．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2．主題類型．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6三節 以神秘族群書寫．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2．發展概況及類型特色．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2．主題類型．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6結．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．01四章 原住民長篇歷史小說寫作素材與藝術．．．．．．．．．．．．．03一節 原住民素材的使用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．03．使用類別與內容．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．03．使用方式．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19．使用意義與作用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．24二節 歷史素材的使用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．43．使用方式．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．43．主歷史素材分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．49．副歷史素材分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．53三節 魔幻歷史的寫作．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．58．魔幻現實的《一九四七高砂百合》．．．．．．．．．．．．．58．奇幻歷史的《小矮人之謎》、《魔神仔》、《海中鬼影：鰓人》．．65．魔幻時空的《卑南平原》、《少年噶瑪蘭》、《沃野之鹿》．．．．70結．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．75五章 原住民長篇歷史小說創作意涵．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．77一節 固有史觀的消解．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．77．《土地與靈魂》「荷恩大南澳開墾事件」再詮釋．．．．．．．77．《餘生》「霧社事件」再討論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．81二節 殖民主義的批判．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．89．西班牙．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．89．荷蘭東印度公司．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．90．日本帝國主義．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．95．漢移民．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．02三節 異文化混融的質變．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．13．文化失落的悲嘆．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．13．文化的融會交流．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．17四節 臺灣血緣的探尋．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．23．原住民來源的推論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．24．母系祖先的探索．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25．民族融合的血緣．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．26五節 族群爭鬥的揭露．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．30．漢族內部爭鬥．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．30．漢族、原住民族爭鬥．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．32．原住民族間爭鬥．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．33結．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．42六章 原住民長篇歷史小說人物群像．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．43一節 原住民形象．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．43．尊嚴的捍衛者．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．43．夾縫中的人物．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．64．失根者．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．75．友蕃．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．91．原住民女性．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．98．真善美的群體．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11二節 漢人形象．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．15．拓墾者．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．15．研究者．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19．友善者．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．28．文化失焦者．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．30三節 日人形象．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．36．軍教人員．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．36．土俗調查者．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．41四節 外籍人士形象．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．48．宗教人士．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．48．開墾者．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．53．入侵者．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．55結．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．56七章 漢族作者跨族書寫企冀及其代言與詮釋．．．．．．．．．．．．58一節 書寫企冀．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．58．作者族群分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．58．書寫內因．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．58．書寫重點．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．63二節 代言與詮釋．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．66．代言霸權的疑慮．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．66．詮釋的適切性．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．72結．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．80八章 結論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．81一節 研究結論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．81二節 研究展望．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．85考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN TAIWAN
No full textBackground/Purpose: Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) are major risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study estimated the prevalence of obesity and MS in Taiwan. Methods: Data from a nationwide cross-sectional population-based survey of 5936 participants (2815 men, 3121 women; age range, 20-79.9 years ) in 2002 were analyzed. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) >= 27 kg/m(2) according to the criteria of the Department of Health in Taiwan. The prevalence of MS was estimated using the definitions of the modified Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP 111), the International Diabetes Federation for Chinese (MS-IDF(C)) and the MS criteria for Taiwanese (MS-TW). Results: The overall prevalence of obesity in men was significantly greater than in women (19.2 % vs. 13.4%, p = 24 kg/m(2). MS as classified by the MS-IDF(C) criteria failed to identify subjects at high risk of CVD who did not have abdominal obesity including those with hypertension, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of obesity and MS in Taiwan. The definitions of MS by the modified ATP III and MS-TW criteria were better able to detect high CVD risk than the MS-IDF(C) criteria
Does Sex Increase Indulgence\uef\ubcInfluences of Sexual Stimulus, Consumer Gender and Self-Construal in Indulgent Consumption
No full textIt is very easy to notice sex appeal advertisement in our life. Marketers have resorted to increasingly tactics which uses explicit sexual images in advertising to capture consumer attention and increase purchase intention. The present study examines how sex stimulus, consumer gender and self-construal influence indulgent consumption. The present research employs a 2(sex stimulus: sex vs. neutral) x2(consumer gender: male vs. female) x2(self-construal type: independent self vs. interdependent self) factorial design with two experiments being conducted. Study 1 uses a lab experiment to investigate the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable and dependent variable is accessed through the choice between non-indulgent(virtue) and indulgent(vice) choice. Study 2 uses a field experiment and dependent variable is measured by the number of chocolates taken during the experiment. The results indicate that, sex stimulus has positive impacts on indulgent consumption for males with independent self. For females, no such differences are found. In conclusion, sex stimulus, consumer gender and self-construal type have simultaneous influences on indulgent consumption. The impacts regarding sex stimulus and independent self-construal on indulgent consumption is more influential for males than females
Using Semantic Analysis Tools to Explore the Media Framework and Impacts of Archival-Themed News during Taiwan’s Presidential Elections
No full textArchives serve as critical evidence in documenting national development and
are frequently employed by the media as a foundation for political discourse, particularly when addressing significant political issues. During election periods, the media often utilize archival-related news to reinterpret historical events, influencing public collective memory and shaping perceptions of national identity. This study applies text mining techniques to examine 534 news articles related to archival issues published by three major Taiwanese newspapers—United Daily News, Liberty Times, and China Times—during six presidential elections between 2000 and 2020. By employing Jieba, CKIP Tagger, and LDA models, the research analyzes reporting frequency, keyword frequency, and TF-IDF values, while also conducting topic clustering on the news content. The findings reveal that during election periods, archival-related news frequently highlights key terms such as “archive,” “history,” “government,” and “president,” with central figures consistently featured, including Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Ching-kuo, and Lee Teng-hui. Furthermore, the topic clustering results indicate that the reporting framework of these archival news pieces primarily focuses on Taiwan’s first political party transition between 1999 and 2000 and is closely tied to debates concerning the “One China” policy
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