147,977 research outputs found
Neural Signals Related to Outcome Evaluation Are Stronger in CA1 than CA3
Full text linkWe have shown previously that CA1 conveys significant neural signals necessary to update value of the chosen target, namely chosen value and reward signals. To better understand hippocampal neural processes related to valuation, we compared chosen value- and reward-related neural activity between the CA3 and CA1 regions. Single units were recorded with tetrodes from the dorsal CA3 and CA1 regions of rats performing a dynamic foraging task, and chosen value- and reward-related neural activity was estimated using a reinforcement learning model and multiple regression analyses. Neural signals for chosen value and reward converged in both CA3 and CA1 when a trial outcome was revealed. However, these neural signals were stronger in CA1 than CA3. Consequently, neural signals for reward prediction error and updated chosen value were stronger in CA1 than CA3. Together with our previous finding that CA1 conveys stronger value signals than the subiculum, our results raise the possibility that CA1 might play a particularly important role among hippocampal subregions in evaluating experienced events. © 2017 Lee, Huh, Lee, Ghim, Lee and Jung. © 2017 Lee, Huh, Lee, Ghim, Lee and Jung. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Copyright © 2017 Lee, Huh, Lee, Ghim, Lee and Jung. This is an open-access article
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the
original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this
journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution
or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.1221Nsciescopu
Aphis rhamnus Lee, Lee & Kim 2020, nom. nov.
No full textAphis rhamnus Lee, Lee & Kim, nom. nov. Aphis rhamnicola Lee, Lee & Kim, 2015: 47, nec Aphis rhamnicola Mamontova, 1953: 30, junior primary homonym.Published as part of Cho, Geonho, Jung, Sunghoon & Lee, Seunghwan, 2020, Nomenclatural issues in Korean insects. Part 1. Hemiptera, pp. 298-300 in Zootaxa 4838 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/440380
Production of Biologically Active Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in the Milk of Transgenic Goat
No full textJung Ho Ko, Chul Sang Lee, Seung Won Jin, Sang Tae Shin, Ja Shin Koo, Kyung Kwang Lee, Ook Joong Yo
Graptopeltus koreanus Kim, Lee & Jung, sp. nov.
No full textGraptopeltus koreanus Kim, Lee & Jung sp. nov. (Figs. 1 A–B, 2A–E, 3) Diagnosis. Differs from other Palaearctic Graptopeltus species by body dark brown; pronotal margin dark and yellowish pale brown densely covered with dark punctures; margin of hemelytra with dense dark punctures; corium with small dark spot in middle part (Figs. 1 A–B, 3). Description. Male (Fig. 1 A): Body broadly oval. COLORATION: Mostly mottled dark brown with distinct dark punctures. Head: dark brown; compound eyes fuscous; ocelli dark brown; antennae almost dark brown, apex of each segment pale brown; clypeus dark brown; rostrum dark brown. Thorax: pronotum dark brown; anterior lobe dark brown; lateral margin dark brown with mottled pale brown; posterior lobe mottled dark brown; scutellum dark brown; with pale spots at middle; ostiolar peritreme dark brown; hemelytra mottled brown; 2/3 anterior part of lateral margin of hemelytra yellowish pale brown with densely dark punctures; corium with dark brown marking; membrane grayish dark brown, veins dark brown; legs dark brown except for pale apex of femur; fore femur dark brown with reddish brown stripe; tarsus dark brown, base reddish brown. Abdomen: entirely dark brown. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Body with distinct punctures, glossy; frons with long pubescence; clypeus with dense pubescence; antennae with short and thin pubescence generally, first antennal segment with suberect setae; legs with dense pubescences and longer spines; claw with long three pubescences. STRUCTURE: Head: projected frontally; compound eyes touching anterior margin of pronotum; vertex width about two times as long as first antennal segment; clypeus projected dorsally; first antennal segment distinctly thicker than others, second antennal segment 3 times as long as first antennal segment; rostrum reaching to midcoxae. Thorax: Pronotum trapezoidal with rounded lateral margin; scutellum equilateral; lateral margin of hemelytra rounded; legs generally thick; fore femur thicker than others with one process lateroventrally; mid and hind tibia with spines. Abdomen: rounded, reaching to apex of hemelytra. GENITALIA: Pygophore pentagonal dorsally, posterior margin convex laterally (Figs. 2 A–B); paramere tapered, apex round, with a process at middle, with sparse setae (Fig. 2 C); aedeagus membranous with distinct two long lobes and small lobes (Fig. 2 D). Female (Fig. 1 B): COLORATION: A s in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE: Somewhat more rounded oval in overall shape than male. GENITALIA: Spermatheca long, especially much thicker in apical part, with distinctly circular apex connecting to trumpet-shaped structure (Fig. 2 E). Measurements (in mm). Male (n = 2). Body: length 8.30–8.33. Head: length 1.24–1.25, width 1.64–1.66, eye width 0.29–0.30, interocular width 1.05–1.08; Rostrum (average/min–max): proportion of each segment (I) 0.88/ 0.87–0.89: (II) 0.97/0.94–0.99: (III) 0.81/0.80–0.82: (IV) 0.69/0.67–0.70; Antenna (average/min–max): proportion of each segment (I) 0.51/0.50–0.51: (II) 1.32/1.31–1.33: (III) 1.04/1.02–1.06: (IV) 1.23/1.21–1.25; Pronotum: length 2.16–2.18, width 3.31–3.32; Scutellum: length 1.83–1.87, width 1.83–1.86; Hemelytron: length 5.55–5.57; Abdomen: length 3.43–3.50, width 3.54–3.57; Leg: fore femur: length 2.10–2.12, width 0.72–0.73, middle femur: length 2.27–2.31, width 0.41–0.44, hind femur: length 2.86–2.88, width 0.47–0.49, fore tibia: length 1.96–2.00, width 0.33–0.33, middle tibia: length 1.95–1.97, width 0.18–0.18, hind tibia: length 3.15–3.21, width 0.21–0.22. Female (n = 3). Body: length 9.17–9.22; Head: length 0.90–0.93, width 1.69–1.71, eye width 0.30–0.33, interocular width 1.14–1.16; Rostrum (average/min–max): proportion of each segment (I) 1.00/0.99–1.01: (II) 1.10/1.09–1.10: (III) 0.86/0.84–0.88: (IV) 0.69/0.67–0.70; Antenna (average/min–max): proportion of each segment (I) 0.57/0.56–0.58: (II) 1.35/1.33–1.36: (III) 1.13/1.11–1.15: (IV) 1.25/1.24–1.26; Pronotum: length 2.00–2.04, width 3.70–3.73; Scutellum: length 2.18–2.20, width 2.18–2.18; Hemelytron: length 6.40–6.44; Abdomen: length 4.10–4.18, width 4.19–4.22; Leg: fore femur: length 2.29–2.30, width 0.81–0.83, middle femur: length 2.30–2.33, width 0.47–0.48, hind femur: length 3.27–3.29, width 0.57–0.57, fore tibia: length 2.07–2.09, width 0.36–0.38, middle tibia: length 2.16–2.18, width 0.22–0.24, hind tibia: length 4.75–4.77, width 0.23–0.23. Distribution. Korea (whole region). Etymology. Named after the type locality, the Korean Peninsula. Biology. Live adult is usually found on ground, especially on sand around river or stream (Fig. 3), unlike other congeners that are usually found on plants. Material examined. Holotype Ƌ: Chungnam National University, Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea, 30.vii.2015, H.D. Lee, (CNU); Paratypes: Woocheon-myeon, Hoengseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 28.iii.2015, G.H Kim, 1♂ (CNU); Chungnam National University, gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea, 30.vii.2015, H.D. Lee, 1♂ 1♀ (CNU); Gobangsan-ri, Bangsan-myeon, Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 16.vii.2015, J.G. Kim, H.D. Lee, 1♀ (CNU); Seong-yeon-ri, Cheongso-myeon, Boryeong-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 27.vii.2015, J.G. Kim, S.M. Oh, H.D. Lee, 1♀ (CNU); Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si, Korea, 12.xii.2015, G.H. Kim, 1♀ (CNU).Published as part of Kim, Junggon, Lee, Hodan & Jung, Sunghoon, 2016, First record of the genus Graptopeltus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae) from the Korean Peninsula, with description of a new species, pp. 196-200 in Zootaxa 4175 (2) on pages 197-199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4175.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/26411
Formation and morphology control of polymeric films on an aqueous substrate for optoelectronic devices
No full textCherry Picking, Disclosure Quality, and Comprehensive Income Reporting Choices: The Case of Property-Liability Insurers
No full textSpockia Roca-Cusachs & Kim & Kim & Lee & Jung 2019, gen. nov.
No full textSpockia gen. nov. Roca-Cusachs & Jung (Figs. 1, 2 & 3) Type species: Spockia tagala sp. nov. by present designation. Diagnosis. Body compact. Scutellum enlarged with post-frenal portion longer than frenal margin. Scutellum base tumid, without gibbosities. All femora bearing a robust spine. Protibiae with no foretibial expansion. Evaporatorium reduced to narrow strips anterior and posterior to peritreme, not enclosing it completely. Spine short, not reaching metacoxae. Male with small, centered and depressed setose glandular patches on abdominal venter. Description: General shape compact. Head robust, rugose at base. Eyes pedunculate at base, globose, protruding beyond head profile, in contact with pronotum. Mandibular plates longer than clypeus, parallel, free, never enclosing clypeus. Rostrum semicrassate. Scutellar post-frenal portion longer than frenal margin. Scutellum base tumid, without gibbosities. Scutellar apex rounded, wider than corium. Mesosternum with low, longitudinal carina. Metasternum elevated laterally, medially with longitudinal sulcus, holding labium. Peritreme elongated, slightly elevated, tear-drop like shape, narrower near orifice. Evaporatorium not enclosing peritreme completely (Fig. 2a). Legs slender. Femora bearing a robust spine. Protibiae with no foretibial expansion, triangular in cross-section. Meso- and metatibiae prismatic. Base of abdomen armed with a fowardly directed spine not reaching metacoxae. Male with small, centered, setose glandular patches. Etymology: Genus Spockia is named after commander Spock, a fictional character in the Star Trek media franchise. He is a Vulcan/Human hybrid, this new genus shares with the commander Spock the fact that as it shares characters from genus Cazira and Blachia. The gender is feminine.Published as part of Roca-Cusachs, Marcos, Kim, Junggon, Kim, Kwang-Ho, Lee, Sang-Geui & Jung, Sunghoon, 2019, Spockia tagala gen. and sp. nov. a new monotypic genus of Asopinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from the Philippines, pp. 181-186 in Zootaxa 4613 (1) on page 182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4613.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/323802
Pilophorus okamotoi Miyamoto & Lee 1966
No full text84. Pilophorus okamotoi Miyamoto & Lee, 1966 Pilophorus okamotoi Miyamotoi & Lee, 1966: 379 (sp. nov.); Schuh (1984): 66 (disc.); (1995): 465 (cat.); Kerzhner (1988 b): 838 (key); Josifov (1992 b): 123 (report); Kerzhner & Josifov (1999): 283 (cat.); Yasunaga (2001 a): 149 (diag., fig.); Vinokurov et al. (2010): 126 (cat.); Duwal et al. (2014 c): 269 (notes). Distribution. Asia: North Korea (Josifov 1992 b), South Korea (JJ) (Miyamoto & Lee 1966), Japan (Yasunaga 2001 a), Russia (Far East) (Kerzhner 1988 b). Host. Unknown.Published as part of Duwal, Ram Keshari, Jung, Sunghoon, Yasunaga, Tomohide & Lee, Seunghwan, 2016, Annotated catalogue of the Phylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae) from the Korean Peninsula, pp. 101-134 in Zootaxa 4067 (2) on page 120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4067.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/27059
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