1,720,990 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Contribution of molecular biology tools in the study and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textDès le début de la pandémie de COVID-19, des outils de biologie moléculaire permettant la détection et l’analyse du génome du SARS-CoV-2 ont été développés et déployés à une échelle sans précédent. Les techniques de PCR ont été utilisées pour diagnostiquer quotidiennement des millions de personnes, tandis que la démocratisation du séquençage de nouvelle génération (NGS) a permis de générer rapidement des centaines de milliers de génomes viraux. Ces outils ont été une source d’information majeure dans l’étude et la compréhension de la physiopathologie du SARS-CoV-2, mais également dans le suivi en temps réel de la dynamique de la pandémie et de l’évolution de ce virus. Nous avons entrepris cette thèse afin d’évaluer comment ces outils de biologie moléculaire peuvent contribuer à l’étude et la surveillance du SARS-CoV-2, dans le cadre de trois études répondants à différents objectifs. Avec l’étude PhyloCoV, nous avons tout d’abord apporté une description précise de l’évolution de la diversité virale observée au cours de l’année 2020 en région Ile-de-France, grâce au séquençage de 736 génomes du SARS-CoV-2 provenant de patients et de personnels soignant des CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière et Bichat Claude-Bernard. Cette étude nous a également permis de développer une méthode de clustering phylogénétique permettant la détection des transmissions intra-hospitalières de la COVID-19. Ensuite, dans le cadre d’une étude observationnelle au sein du GH Sorbonne Université, nous avons estimé la fréquence et la mortalité associées aux transmissions nosocomiales du SARS-CoV-2. Entre septembre et novembre 2020, 209 cas de COVID-19 nosocomial ont été identifiés, représentant 13,9% des patients hospitalisés infectés par le SARS-CoV-2 et associés à une mortalité de 31%. Le séquençage des génomes viraux a permis de réfuter près d’un tiers des transmissions nosocomiales et de révéler de précieuses informations sur les voies de transmission au sein des services hospitaliers. Finalement, avec l’étude COCOPREV, nous avons étudié l’évolution du génome du SARS-CoV-2 au cours de l’infection chez des patients traités par des anticorps monoclonaux, majoritairement immunodéprimés. Plusieurs mutations de résistance émergent dans la protéine SPIKE sous les trois traitements étudiés. Les patients traités avec du Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab présentent un risque 5 fois plus élevé de développer des mutations au niveau des résidus R346 et K444. A la différence des autres mutations retrouvées, les substitutions R346 et K444 ont plusieurs fois émergé dans différents variants grâce à leur impact sur le fitness du SARS-CoV-2. Elles ont finalement été sélectionnées par les variants BQ.1 et XBB, variants actuellement majoritaires. En conclusion, nous avons démontré l’utilité des outils de biologie moléculaire dans la surveillance de la transmission du SARS-CoV-2 dans les hôpitaux et dans la population en général, ainsi que dans l'identification de mutations de résistance émergentes chez des patients traités par des anticorps monoclonaux. Ces outils continueront très probablement d'être utilisés dans le cadre de la pandémie de COVID-19 mais également dans la surveillance de l’émergence et de la propagation d’autres virus.From the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, molecular biology tools for detection and analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genome were developed and deployed on an unprecedented scale. PCR techniques have been used to diagnose millions of people on a daily basis, while the democratization of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled the rapid generation of hundreds of thousands of viral genomes. These tools have been a major source of information in the study and understanding of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2, but also in the real-time monitoring of the dynamics of the pandemic and the evolution of this virus. We undertook this thesis to evaluate how these molecular biology tools can contribute to the study and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, in three studies with different objectives. With the PhyloCoV study, we first provided a precise description of the evolution of viral diversity observed during the year 2020 in the Ile-de-France area, thanks to the sequencing of 736 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from patients and healthcare workers of the Pitié-Salpêtrière and Bichat Claude-Bernard University Hospital. This study also allowed us to develop a phylogenetic clustering method allowing the detection of intra-hospital transmission of COVID-19. Then, in the framework of an observational study within the GH Sorbonne Université, we estimated the frequency and mortality associated with nosocomial transmissions of SARS-CoV-2. Between September and November 2020, 209 cases of nosocomial COVID-19 were identified, representing 13.9% of hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and associated with a mortality of 31%. Sequencing of the viral genomes disproved nearly one third of nosocomial transmissions and revealed valuable information about transmission routes within hospital wards. Finally, with the COCOPREV study, we studied the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genome during infection in patients treated with monoclonal antibodies, mostly immunocompromised. Several resistance mutations emerge in the SPIKE protein under the three treatments studied. Patients treated with Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab had a 5-fold increased risk of developing mutations at residues R346 and K444. Unlike other mutations found, R346 and K444 substitutions have repeatedly emerged in different variants due to their impact on SARS-CoV-2 fitness. They were finally selected by the currently dominant BQ.1 and XBB variants. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the utility of molecular biology tools in monitoring SARS-CoV-2 transmission in hospitals and the general population, as well as in identifying emerging resistance mutations in patients treated with monoclonal antibodies. These tools will most likely continue to be used in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic but also in monitoring the emergence and spread of other viruses
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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