1,721,032 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Design, synthesis and optimization of phosphorus-containing inhibitors of isoprenoid biosynthesis for anti-tumor therapy
No full textLe potentiel des phosphonates ou phosphinates comme mimes des phosphates a été identifié depuis de nombreuses années. En effet, ils sont généralement plus stables dans un environnement biologique et la présence d’un atome de carbone à la place d’un atome d’oxygène permet d’accéder à des composés aussi actifs, et possédant une stabilité métabolique accrue. On retrouve ainsi la fonction phosphonate dans de nombreuses molécules biactives ayant des applications variées. Les phosphonates sont aussi largement représentés comme pharmacophores dans diverses classes d'agents thérapeutiques allant des antiviraux aux antibiotiques. Plus récemment, les phosphonates ont montré leur potentiel pour le traitement du cancer et des maladies parasitaires. Leur capacité à inhiber la croissance de cellules malignes ainsi qu’à activer les cellules Tγδ sont bien documentées. Parmi ces agents thérapeutiques phosphorés, les bisphosphonates (BPs) occupent une place très importante depuis maintenant une vingtaine d’années. Ces molécules, en lien avec leur fort tropisme osseux ont trouvé des applications biologiques très variées allant du traitement des maladies osseuses (en particulier ostéoporose) jusqu’au traitement des métastases osseuses et viscérales. Plus récemment, ces molécules ont montré des propriétés cytotoxiques et antiangiogéniques in vitro et in vivo dans certains modèles de cancer du sein et de la prostate. Une étude clinique récente a montré que le zoledronate, un BP de dernière génération apportait un réel bénéfice dans le traitement de la métastase dans le cancer du sein. Les mécanismes d’action de ces composés sont maintenant connus. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse sera donc de concevoir de nouveaux inhibiteurs phosphorés à tropisme tumoral non osseux. Ils devront : avoir une bonne biodisponibilité orale ; une bonne pénétration dans les cellules cible ; exhiber une accumulation élective dans les tumeurs.Despite valuable therapeutic advances, cancer remains the primary cause of death in France. The development of new molecules with original mechanism of action represents a major interest for chemotherapy, whose effectiveness is limited by the drug resistance rapidly established by cancer cells. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) are inhibitors of isoprenoid biosynthesis, which are essential substrates for the activity of GTPase proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival. These N-BPs show promising antitumor activities on several non-skeletal cell lines but their in vivo efficacy is limited by their unfavorable physicochemical properties. Our work aims to optimize the anticancer activity of N-BPs through two main approaches. On the one hand, a structure-activity relationship study based on a 1,2,3-triazole moiety substituted at various positions by an alkyl chain or a phenyl ring has allowed us to determine several triazolo-BPs showing a much higher antiproliferative activity than zoledronate on three cancer cell lines. On the other hand, prodrugs of alendronate whose phosphonate functions are masked by intracellularly activatable triggers were designed. A prodrug masking the BP moiety with two acyloxybenzyl units showed reduced affinity for bone and a rapid release of alendronate in the presence of esterases. Two others prodrugs containing one or two nitroveratryl units also showed improved bioavailability and the antiproliferative activity of alendronate is restored on one breast tumor cell lines after exposure to 365 nm radiation. These two approaches are therefore of promising interest to target non-skeletal tumors in vivo
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Phosphinates : from methodologic devlopments to biomedical applications
No full textLes H-phosphinates représentent des pharmacophores intéressants en chimie médicinale et nécessitent le développement de méthodologies reproductibles pour la conception de composés d’intérêt. C’est pourquoi une étude méthodologique a été proposée pour la réaction d’Abramov en vue de la synthèse d’hydroxyphosphinates. Cette méthode a également pu être appliquée sur des dérivés trivalents tels que les chlorures d’acide, les anhydrides d’acide et les esters activés pour la formation de 1-hydroxyméthylène-1,1-bisphosphinates et de phosphino-phosphonates. La compréhension de chaque réaction s’est appuyée sur une étude approfondie de suivi en RMN du phosphore, ce qui a permis l’identification des différents intermédiaires de synthèse et la compréhension du mécanisme réactionnel. La méthode a ainsi pu être appliquée sur des substrats fonctionnalisés pour des applications biomédicales telles que l’évaluation de l’activité inhibitrice de ces molécules sur une lignée cancéreuse ainsi que l’élaboration de nanoparticules d’or qui permettront de vectoriser ces composés. Ces nanovecteurs seront également évalués biologiquement à terme sur des lignées cancéreuses.H-phosphinates represent an interesting scaffold in medicinal chemistry and require the development of reproducible methodologies for the conception of bioactive compounds. This is why a methodological study has been proposed for the Abramov reaction for the synthesis of hydroxyphosphinates. This method could also be applied to trivalent derivatives such as acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and activated esters for the formation of 1-hydroxymethylene-1,1-bisphosphinates and phosphino-phosphonates. The understanding of each reaction was based on a detailed phosphorus NMR monitoring study which allowed the identification of the different synthetic intermediates and the understanding of the reaction mechanism. Thereafter, the method has been applied to functionalised substrates for biomedical applications such as their inhibitory activity evaluation on a cancer cell line. These compounds also permit to synthesise new gold nanovectors in order to evaluate their biologically activities on cancerous cell lines
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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