1,189 research outputs found
Proofing Legislation Against Crime as Situational Prevention Measure
No full textThis chapter discusses the main characteristics of the crime proofing of legislation as a situational prevention measure to reduce the opportunities for crime inadvertently created by legislation. After outlining the precedents and framing it inside the European Union approach for crime prevention developed in the middle of 2000, the different steps of this approach are outlined together with and an example of its implementation. Even though it has been until now neglected and not completely developed, the author believes that proofing legislation against crime could be a successful challenge to reduce opportunities for crime deriving from the increasing number of laws and their complexity at different levels
Submission to Parliamentary Joint Committee on Law Enforcement: Inquiry into law enforcement capabilities in relation to child exploitation
No full textWe welcome the opportunity to provide a written submission to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Law Enforcement’s inquiry into law enforcement capabilities in relation to child exploitation. This submission is informed by the authors’ recently completed research into Boosting Crime Prevention and Crime Detection Capabilities of Online Investigators: A Script Analysis of Creation and Distribution of Child Exploitation Material, a research grant funded by the Australian Institute of Criminology as part of the Child Sexual Abuse Material Reduction Research Program. In various sections of this submission we draw on our research findings from this project including: a systematic review of crime commission processes in child sexual abuse material production and distribution (Cale, Holt, Leclerc, Singh, & Drew, 2021); a review assessing the challenges affecting the investigative methods to combat online child exploitation material offences (Holt, Cale, Leclerc, & Drew, 2020); a report examining how child sexual abuse material offenders operate on the Dark Web (Leclerc, Drew, Holt, & Cale, 2021a; Leclerc, Drew, Holt & Cale, 2021b), and a study providing evidence on training and support needed to combat child sexual exploitation online (Leclerc, Cale, Holt & Drew, in preparation).Full Tex
Adult sex offenders in youth-oriented institutions: evidence on sexual victimisation experiences of offenders and their offending patterns
No full textThis study investigates child sexual abuse committed by adult males in youth-oriented institutions.
Foreword
There is significant interest in the issue of child sexual abuse committed in institutional settings. This study uses information collected from a sample of 23 convicted Canadian sex offenders to examine key elements of the offending. Issues explored include the nature of the offender’s involvement with institutions, their own prior sexual victimisation experiences, factors influencing the selection of victims and the locations where the sexual assaults occurred. Particularly telling was the length of time offenders spent at an institution prior to initiating the assaults and the potential to avert offending by reducing opportunities to offend, as well as the associated danger evident in allowing staff—without supervision—to transport children outside of an institutional setting, given the frequency of the assaults that occurred offsite
Savona, Ernesto, Luca Giommoni, and Marina Mancuso. 2014. “Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Italy.” In Cognition and Crime. Offender Decision Making and Script Analyses, edited by Benoit Leclerc and Richard Wortley. New York: Routledge.
No full textThis chapter focuses on human trafficking for sexual exploitation in Italy. Two
Italian case studies are analyzed, applying the crime script approach. They have
been provided by state prosecutors of two Italian provinces (Campobasso and
Ancona) and are referred respectively to indoor and outdoor prostitution. Starting
from the literature on this topic, the different stages of this crime (recruitment,
transportation, exploitation and aftermath) are identified.
From the analysis of the two arrest warrants, information on the actions and
decisions of both traffickers and victims is linked to the stages of the crime. The
added value of this work is the application of a methodological tool (script) not
often used to examine human trafficking. This allows a concrete analysis of the
vulnerabilities associated with the crime-commission process and the search for
situational crime prevention measures that might target these vulnerabilities. Both
research and policy implications are drawn at the end of the chapter
Scaling up qualitative data: with Professor Ken Benoit
No full textProfessor Benoit is the Principal Investigator in an ERC funded project QUANTESS developing innovative methods for the quantitative analysis of textual data in the social sciences. He is the co-author with Paul Nulty of the R software package for text analysis “quanteda”, and working on a book Quantitative Text Analysis Using R covering methods for managing, processing, and analysing textual data using the R programming language. He has taught quantitative text analysis extensively and has published research in this area targeting both methodology and political science applications
Big Data
No full textThe internet has launched the world into an era into which enormous amounts of data are generated every day through technologies with both positive and negative consequences. This often refers to big data . This book explores big data in organisations operating in the criminology and criminal justice fields.
Big data entails a major disruption in the ways we think about and do things, which certainly applies to most organisations including those operating in the criminology and criminal justice fields. Big data is currently disrupting processes in most organisations – how different organisations collaborate with one another, how organisations develop products or services, how organisations can identify, recruit, and evaluate talent, how organisations can make better decisions based on empirical evidence rather than intuition, and how organisations can quickly implement any transformation plan, to name a few.
All these processes are important to tap into, but two underlying processes are critical to establish a foundation that will permit organisations to flourish and thrive in the era of big data – creating a culture more receptive to big data and implementing a systematic data analytics-driven process within the organisation.
Written in a clear and direct style, this book will appeal to students and scholars in criminology, criminal justice, sociology, and cultural studies but also to government agencies, corporate and non-corporate organisations, or virtually any other institution impacted by big data.No Full Tex
The Future of Rational Choice for Crime Prevention
No full textThe rational choice perspective (RCP) is currently the core theoretical approach underpinning situational crime prevention (SCP). To date, many crimes have been studied through the lens of RCP, which increased our understanding of these phenomena, how they are committed and how they could potentially be prevented through SCP. This book, designed with the hope of moving RCP forward for SCP purposes, takes a challenging but novel step in providing leading experts from different disciplines with the opportunity to express themselves on how we could best achieve this task.
This book explores various perspectives, which include the development of frameworks based on the role of situations in crime or forensic sciences for improving crime prevention practices. The need to consider affective states and other offender-related factors to improve our understanding of offender decision-making models is highlighted as a means to better predict which SCP mechanisms may be most useful in discouraging particular types of offenders. Finally, it is also argued that the use of RCP should be more pragmatic and that this perspective should be preserved and adapted based on what we find in our experiments.
Taken together, these theoretically distinctive and challenging contributions ultimately guide how crime prevention practices could be best approached in the future.No Full Tex
Examining the role of guardianship in the prevention of sexual offending against women
No full textGuardianship is a core principle of situational crime prevention (Clarke, 1997). Through their presence and supervision, guardians discourage offending by increasing an offender’s risk of detection and/or apprehension and manipulating the perceived costs and rewards associated with the criminal opportunity. It is in this way that guardianship may be a mechanism for reducing the incidence or severity of sexual offences against women – particularly now that it is understood sexual offenders, much like any other individual, are capable of engaging in cost-benefit analysis as part of their decision making (Beauregard & Leclerc, 2007).
Existing research exploring sexual offences against women through the lens of the criminal event points to a potential association between the presence of other persons, besides the offender and victim, and sexual offence avoidance. Less is known about who these guardians are, what they do during the crime event, and the real-life conditions under which guardianship is more or less effective against sexual offences. To build on these gaps, this thesis examined the role of guardianship in the prevention of sexual offending against women. Specifically, and by means of three individual studies, it identified to what extent and under what circumstances the presence of guardianship affects the likelihood of disruption in sexual offences against women. Study 1 evaluated all the literature on guardianship in incidents of sexual offending to establish what is currently known about how guardians can be effective in controlling sexual offences against women. This established that while guardians do play a role in prevention, the likelihood and type of intervention by available guardians varies across situational contexts. Study 2 focused on the tradition of offender-based research, and presented a self-report questionnaire incorporating a crime script framework. This allowed for a first-time comparison of completed versus disrupted sexual offences at each stage of the crime commission process and results indicated that guardianship intensity is one of two dominant mechanisms operating in the disruption of sexual offence opportunities. With a view to beginning the construction of the evidence base for prevention, Study 3 turned attention to empirical insight and the extent to which guardianship affects the likelihood of the disruption of sexual offences against adult females. Using self-reported crime event data collected from adult men convicted and incarcerated for a sexual offence against female, analyses showed that the guardianship intervention is a fundamentally important factor in sexual offence disruption. Offender decision making in the context of sexual offences against women is, however, a highly dynamic process impacted by the micro-situational context of the crime event. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Crim & Crim JusticeArts, Education and LawFull Tex
Thesium philosophicarum fasciculus
No full textquem ... praeside ... Io. Friderico Benoit ... publicè tutabitur Ioh. Rodolphus Kochius, HBernas, phil. stud. author & respondens, ad diem 5. Martii ...Diss. Hohe Schule Bern, 171
Big data
No full textThe main of this chapter is to present a forward-thinking approach to the opportunities and challenges for the fields of criminology and criminal justice brought forth by the big data era. Drawing on the business literature, two step-by-step adaptable roadmaps are developed to address some of the main challenges of big data: 1) creating a culture more receptive to data, and 2) implementing a systematic data analytics-driven process in an organisation. The proposed roadmaps are applied to criminology and criminal justice-related organisations but are generic and flexible in nature, and thus can be adapted if need be to any organisation including government agencies, corporate and non-corporate organisations, universities, research institutions, and virtually any other type of organisation.No Full Tex
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