80,974 research outputs found

    Max Clara and Innsbruck — The origin of a German Nationalist and National Socialist career

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    This investigation aims to summarize hitherto scattered pieces of evidence of the early biography of Max Clara, especially considering his connections with the Histological Institute of the University of Innsbruck. Max Clara was born in 1899 in South Tyrol, at that time part of the Habsburg Empire. After high school in Bozen and his participation in World War I, Clara studied medicine in Innsbruck, Austria and Leipzig, Germany, graduating from Innsbruck University in 1923. He joined the Corps Gothia, a German Student Corps, at the start of his studies and became socialized as a German nationalist. When the Tyrolean Parliament conducted an illegal referendum in 1921, in which a majority voted for the merger of Tyrol with Germany, the active members of the Gothia spontaneously removed the border barriers between Austria and Bavaria in the municipality of Scharnitz. They brought them to Innsbruck to be deposited in the statehouse. Clara's participation in this activity is not documented but is very likely. Seventy-four per cent of the members of this corps joined the Nazi party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, NSDAP), even before the annexation of Austria by National Socialist (NS) Germany in 1938. Clara likely met Maximinian de Crinis, an SS officer and high-ranking member of the NS health administration, through contacts within their respective corps. De Crinis supported Clara decisively in the anatomist's appointments as chair of anatomy at the University of Leipzig and later at the University of Munich. Initially, Clara began his academic career at the Institute of Histology and Embryology in Innsbruck as (student) demonstrator, and in 1923 as an assistant. In December 1923 Clara had to leave Innsbruck for Blumau, South Tyrol to take over the medical surgery of his father, who had passed away unexpectedly. Back in Italy, he continued his histological research in his spare time and published a large number of scientific papers. His connections with Innsbruck and especially with histologist Jürg Mathis never ceased

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Geologische Spezialkarte der im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie 1:75 000 / 2812 Pago

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    für die Spezialkarte im Masse 1:75.000 neu aufgenommen von Dr. R. J. Schubert (1906-1907) und Dr. L. Waage

    Geologische Spezialkarte der im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie 1:75 000 / 2913 Novegradi und Benkovac

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    für die Spezialkarte im Masse 1:75 000 neu aufgenommen und bearbeitet in den Jahren 1903-1905 von Dr. R. J. Schuber

    Geologische Spezialkarte der im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie 1:75 000 / 2813 Medak und Sv. Rok

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    für die Spezialkarte im Masse 1:75 000 neu aufgenommen und bearbeitet in den Jahren 1905 und 1907 von Dr. R. J. Schuber

    Geologische Spezialkarte der im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie 1:75 000 / 2912 Zara

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    für die Spezialkarte im Masse 1:75.000 neu aufgenommen und bearbeitet in den Jahren 1903, 1906 und 1911 von Dr. R. J. Schuber

    Geologische Spezialkarte der im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie 1:75 000 / 3013 Zaravecchia und Stretto

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    für die Spezialkarte i. M. 1:75.000 neu aufgenommen und bearbeitet in den Jahren 1901-1902 von Dr. R. J. Schuber

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods
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