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Food insecurity confrontation by pastoralist and agrarian communities in South Omo Zone, Ethiopia: a facility-based qualitative study
No full textFood insecurity remains a global issue, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, this study focused on identifying factors contributing to food insecurity and the strategies used to cope with it among agrarian and pastoralist communities of South Ari and Benatsemay Woreda, respectively. A facility-based qualitative study was carried out in Southern Ethiopia. Participants were selected using a purposefully targeting health extension workers, health centre directors, woreda programme experts, district health managers, and pregnant women staying in maternity waiting homes. The selection process included one health facility from each district, focusing on those with the highest number of pregnant women in maternity waiting homes. A total of 17 participants were involved in in-depth interviews, and 2 focus group discussions were conducted with 27 pregnant women, continuing until data saturation was achieved. Field notes were taken, and sessions were voice recorded. Participants in both in-depth interviews and focus group discussions frequently identified several causes of food insecurity in the community, such as food shortages, climate change, rising prices of agricultural products, inadequate agricultural technology, scarcity of farmland, and income constraints. Tailored intervention is highly demanding to implement policies to stabilise food supply chains and mitigate food shortages in both agrarian and pastoralist areas, invest in modern agricultural technologies to boost productivity, encourage the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices to help farmers adapt to changing weather patterns, optimise the productive use of available farmland, promote income-generating activities, and diversify livelihoods to alleviate income constraints and improve food security
Effect of Mentor Mothers Support on HIV Service Utilization Among Sero-Positive Women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022
Get PDFBackground: HIV affects people around the world; especially women of reproductive age group are mostly affected with increased pediatric HIV infection. Strategy like mothers\u27 support group (MSG) is important to achieve elimination of mother to child HIV transmission through empowering HIV positive women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mentor mothers’ support on enhancing health service utilization among sero-positive women in selected health centers in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia. Methods: Quantitative descriptive study design was utilized in seven selected government health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. On March, 2020 around 352 HIV positive mothers participated in the study that selected through simple random sampling method. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 was used to analyse data and frequency tables and Pearson association (95% CI) used to show association between peer support and service utilization; among these women. Result: From 352 HIV positive women 60.8% of them were in the age group between 25 and 29 years. The finding revealed that study participant women utilized available HIV related services. They wanted to be MSG member for educational psychological support (74.4%) and 95.0% of them witnessed their satisfactions with the support provided by mentor mothers’. Almost all of study participants agreed that mentor mothers were trusted for confidentiality and 98.6% of participants stated that mentor mothers responded appropriately questions, or they consult health professional for further explanation. Moreover, 95.2% of study participants mentioned that if they missed their regular education session, mentor mothers call or pay a home visit to know members or their infant’s condition. Conclusion: Peer support group is helpful to provide comprehensive care for PMTCT clients and maintain the intended quality of life
Pattern of HIV and Reproductive Health Service Integration among PMTCT Clients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2022
Get PDFBackground: Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) and reproductive health (RH) care packages shared common bottlenecks of service inadequacy related to economy, limited access, gender inequality, and social discrimination among vulnerable women. RH-HIV integration help to cover a wide spectrum of health care to specific client and reduce missed opportunities for key amenities. Some of components for care amalgamation are ART provision and adherence, ANC, PMTCT services, family planning (FP) counseling, gender based violence (GBV), as well as STI and cervical cancer screening and treatment, safe abortion and post abortion care. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of HIV and reproductive health services integration for HIV-positive women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: Cross sectional exploratory qualitative study design was utilized in Addis Ababa city in May to August 2020. Information was gathered through an in-depth/ key-informant interview and 14 mentor mothers were selected from different health centers through snowball sampling technique. Result: Twelve mentor mothers were participated in in-depth interview with a mean age of 31.25 years with SD of ± 3.86. About half of mentor mother served MSG/ PMTCT for 2-4 years. They clarified that PMTCT service was an entry point for HIV care and support to most women and infants. Components mentioned for RH and HIV care were HIV testing and counseling (HTC), provision of ART and adherence counselling, family planning, sexually transmitted illnesses (STIs) and cervical cancer screening and treatment. But some of barriers that blocked integration of services were imbalance of client and care provider ration, long waiting time, skill gaps, unaffordable cost, and lack of clear guideline. Conclusion: According to this study, integration of RH and HIV is not well established and integration constraints that related to client and health care provider side needs to be eliminated
Women’s Perspectives on Influencers to the Utilisation of Skilled Delivery Care: An Explorative Qualitative Study in North West Ethiopia
No full textSkilled attendance at birth is widely regarded as an effective intervention to reduce maternal and early neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, many women in Ethiopia still deliver without skilled assistance. This study was carried out to identify factors that influenced or motivated women to give birth in a health facility in their previous, current, and future pregnancies. This descriptive explorative qualitative study was conducted in two districts of West Gojjam zone in North West Ethiopia. Fourteen focus group discussions were conducted with pregnant women and women who gave birth within one year. An inductive thematic analysis approach was employed to analyze the qualitative data. In this study, two major themes and a number of subthemes emerged from the focus group discussions with the study participants. The factors that influenced or motivated women to give birth in health facility in their previous, current, and future pregnancies include access to ambulance transport service, prevention of mother to child HIV transmission service, referral service, women friendly service, and emergency obstetric services, good interpersonal care from health workers, and fear and experience of obstetric danger signs and complications. In addition, reception of information and advice on importance of skilled delivery care and obstetric danger signs and complications from health workers, use of antenatal care, previous use of skilled delivery care, ensuring wellbeing of parturient women and newborns, and use of emergency obstetric care were also identified as influencers and motivators for health facility childbirth in previous, current, and future deliveries. Increased understanding of the factors that influenced or motivated women to deliver in facilities could contribute to developing strategies to improve the uptake of facility-based maternity services and corresponding declines in maternal morbidity and mortality
Food insecurity and its determinants in pastoralist and agrarian communities in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Get PDFBackgroundDespite the implementation of different interventions, food insecurity remains a major public health issue in rural areas of Ethiopia. However, there has been limited evidence regarding food insecurity and responsible factors in rural areas of Ethiopia, particularly in South Omo, Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess food insecurity and determinants in agrarian and pastoralist communities of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was done among 605 randomly selected households in Benatsemay and South Ari districts from February 1 to 28, 2023. A standardized and validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was used to measure food insecurity status. Data were entered using Epi-Info 7.1 and then transferred to SPSS V25 for analysis. To identify associated factors, a binary logistic regression model was employed. The strength of association was evaluated considering the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). A statistical significance was stated at p-value <0.05.ResultA total of 597 participants were involved in the study with a response rate of 98.7%. The overall prevalence of food insecurity using HFIAS was 42.2% (95%CI: 38.2, 46.3%), among which mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity accounted for 17.4, 16.6, and 8.2%, respectively. Of pastoralists, 114 (47.1%) were food insecure whereas 138 (38.9%) were food insecure in the agrarian. Food insecurity was affected by household head sex (AOR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.62), high dependency ratio (AOR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.53, 4.20), no formal maternal education (AOR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.07, 4.18), productive safety net program (AOR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.16, 3.46) and land ownership (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.72).ConclusionFood insecurity was a significant problem in the study areas. Thus, it is crucial to improve female education, advance agricultural technologies, advocate family planning, and broaden productive safety net programs
Awareness among nurses concerning the human papilloma virus in the selected clinics in Vhembe district of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Get PDFBackgroundHPV infection is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause cervical cancer if left untreated. According to the World Health Organisation, in 2022, cervical cancer, resulting from HPV infection, ranked as the fourth most common cause of death for women globally. There were approximately 660,000 new cases and approximately 350,000 deaths attributed to this disease. Globally, HPV is responsible for approximately 90% of cervical cancers diagnosed in women, which is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. In addition to cervical cancer, HPV is also linked to a significant proportion of other anogenital cancers (such as vaginal, vulvar, anal cancers) and some oropharyngeal cancers. However, HPV is not associated with breast cancer, which is another common cancer among women. This study aimed to determine the awareness of HPV infection screening and vaccination among nurses in Vhembe district of Limpopo province, South Africa.MethodsThis study utilised a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional descriptive design.115 registered nurses from 15 randomly selected clinics in the Vhembe district. Data collection was carried out through self-administered questionnaires, and analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the collected data, with outcomes presented through frequency charts and tables.ResultsOf the 115 respondents, 78.3% of the respondents reported that they had never received any formal training on HPV infection screening procedures, such as how to perform the screening or sample collection for HPV infection testing. The study results also revealed that the majority, 60% of the respondents, were unaware that HPV infection does not always manifest its signs and symptoms. Of 115 respondents, the majority, 79.1%, were unaware that HPV infections do not always require treatment. The majority of the 86.1% of respondents believed that HPV infection does not cause cervical cancer. On the contrary, 13.9% of the respondents believed that HPV infection can indeed cause cancer of the cervix.ConclusionThe study concluded that nurses have a low level of awareness of HPV infection. Furthermore, it is recommended that HPV infection screening short training programmes are designed for newly qualified nurses and experienced nurses to improve their knowledge. Limited understanding of HPV infection among nurses may contribute to patients receiving insufficient information about HPV infection
A Healthy Mother and Baby through Optimal Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy
No full textOne of the strategies that can assist to improve maternal and newborn outcomes in Malawi is the provision of preconception care. Most of the problems that affect the neonates and their mothers occur before pregnancy and during organogenesis. Men and women of childbearing age need appropriate advice and healthcare to assist them to have healthy maternal and newborn outcomes. Persistent use of family planning and healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy could assist in reducing some of the causes of the maternal and infant mortality rate. Preconception health should be promoted through the use of family planning methods at a recommended time to have a healthy pregnancy. A quantitative descriptive non-experimental design was used to examine the use of preconception interventions at health centres in the urban areas of Blantyre, Malawi. Information was collected from 300 men and women of childbearing age between 18 and 35 years that had a pregnancy and intended to get pregnant in five years. The major findings indicated that information on optimal timing and spacing of pregnancy should be provided to men and women of childbearing age and that there should be adequate use of family planning methods. There were mixed messages on healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy as 32.8 per cent of the participants indicated that pregnancy should be spaced in 1 to 2 years and 23.5 per cent indicated that pregnancy should be spaced more than 5 years. About n = 196 (64.9%) had one to two children. Healthcare providers should provide guidelines on healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy through preconception care that would enable men and women of childbearing age to access information and care to improve pregnancy outcomes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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