1,720,980 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Characterization of SURF2, a major regulator of the free 5S particle in the nucleolar stress response
No full textLa progression tumorale nécessite une forte production de ribosomes afin de répondre aux besoins accrus des cellules cancéreuses en protéine. On observe donc une forte augmentation de la biogénèse des ribosomes dans ces cellules. De ce fait, elles sont particulièrement sensibles à une perturbation de la biogénèse des ribosomes, aussi appelé stress nucléolaire. Celui-ci entraîne, d'une part, une diminution de la production des ribosomes, et d'autre part, une stabilisation du suppresseur de tumeur p53, qui favorise l'arrêt du cycle cellulaire et l'entrée en apoptose. Le facteur principal qui participe à la réponse au stress nucléolaire a été identifié comme étant la particule 5S libre, composée par l'association de l'ARN ribosomique (ARNr) 5S avec les protéines ribosomiques RPL11 et RPL5. Dans des conditions de croissance cellulaire normales, la particule 5S est intégrée dans les sous-unités ribosomiques 60S en cours de maturation, mais en réponse à un stress perturbant la biogénèse des ribosomes, elle est libérée dans le nucléoplasme et s'accumule sous forme libre pour séquestrer Mdm2, un régulateur négatif p53. La stabilisation de p53 qui en résulte est perdue en l'absence de l'un des composants des particules 5S libres. Cette particule joue donc un rôle essentiel dans la régulation de p53, ce qui fait d'elle une cible thérapeutique anticancéreuse majeure. En effet, promouvoir son activité lors d'une thérapie anticancéreuse pourrait potentialiser les effets p53 activés par ces thérapies. Afin de déterminer les mécanismes moléculaires régulant l'activité des particules 5S libres en réponse au stress, nous avons recherché et identifié ses partenaires par immunoprécipitation et par spectrométrie de masse. Cela nous a permis d'identifier un nouveau partenaire de ces particules : la protéine SURF2. Cette protéine n'a jamais été étudiée jusqu'aujourd'hui, et aucune fonction ne lui a été attribuée. Durant ma thèse, réalisé sous la tutelle de Simon Lebaron, au sein de l'équipe "Oncorib" dirigée par Célia-Plisson Chastang au centre de biologie intégrative de Toulouse, j'ai réalisé la caractérisation fonctionnelle de SURF2. Mon travail, réalisé dans une lignée cellulaire U-2 OS, m'a permis de déterminer le rôle de ce facteur dans la régulation l'activité des particules 5S libres. En effet, SURF2 interagit avec les particules 5S libres pour bloquer leur interaction avec MDM2, et ainsi empêcher la stabilisation de p53. Au cours de la caractérisation de SURF2, j'ai déterminé qu'une perte de fonction de SURF2 conduit à une hypersensibilisation des cellules au stress alors que son gain de fonction conduit à une résistance au stress. Ce rôle central de SURF2 dans la régulation de l'activité de la particule 5S passe par une compétition avec MDM2 pour la liaison avec la particule 5S. Aux vues de l'importance de la voie de surveillance nucléolaire dans les cancers, ce rôle central de SURF2 dans la régulation de la réponse à la voie de surveillance nucléolaire le presse comme une potentielle nouvelle cible de chimiothérapie visant à induire une hypersensibilité des cellules aux chimiothérapies.Tumor progression requires high ribosome production to meet the increased protein needs of cancer cells. In these cells, ribosome biogenesis is greatly increased. As a result, they are particularly sensitive to disruption of ribosome biogenesis, also known as nucleolar stress. This leads, on the one hand, to a reduction in ribosome production and, on the other, to stabilization of the tumor suppressor p53, which promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The main factor involved in the nucleolar stress response was identified as the free 5S particle, composed by the association of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) with the ribosomal proteins RPL11 and RPL5. Under normal cell growth conditions, the 5S particle is integrated into maturing 60S ribosomal subunits, but in response to stress disrupting ribosome biogenesis, it is released into the nucleoplasm and accumulates in free form to sequester Mdm2, a p53 negative regulator. The resulting stabilization of p53 is lost in the absence of one of the free 5S particle components. This particle therefore plays an essential role in p53 regulation, making it a major anti-cancer therapeutic target. Indeed, promoting its activity during anticancer therapy could potentiate the p53 effects activated by these therapies. In order to determine the molecular mechanisms regulating the activity of free 5S particles in response to stress, we researched and identified their partners by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. This enabled us to identify a new partner for these particles: the SURF2 protein. This protein has never been studied before, and no function has been attributed to it. During my thesis, carried out under the supervision of Simon Lebaron within the "Oncorib" team headed by Célia-Plisson Chastang at the centre de biologie intégrative of Toulouse, I carried out the functional characterization of SURF2. My work, carried out in a U-2 OS cell line, enabled me to determine the role of this factor in regulating the activity of free 5S particles. Indeed, SURF2 interacts with free 5S particles to block their interaction with MDM2, thus preventing p53 stabilization. In the course of characterizing SURF2, I determined that loss of function of SURF2 leads to hypersensitization of cells to stress, whereas gain of function leads to stress resistance. This central role of SURF2 in regulating 5S particle activity involves competition with MDM2 for 5S particle binding. In view of the importance of the nucleolar surveillance pathway in cancers, this central role of SURF2 in regulating the response to the nucleolar surveillance pathway presses it as a potential new chemotherapy target aimed at inducing hypersensitivity of cells to chemotherapies
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