1,720,977 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Caractérisation du clivage du CD95 ligand par les métalloprotéases
No full textLe prototype de récepteur CD95 est une glycoprotéine transmembranaire de type I qui, comme d'autres membres de la famille des récepteurs du TNF, est exprimée de manière ubiquitaire dans les tissus sains et pathologiques. Son ligand naturel CD95L est une protéine transmembranaire de type II principalement exprimée à la surface des lymphocytes T cytotoxiques. La stimulation de CD95 par son ligand physiologique va induire son oligomérisation et le recrutement, via ses domaines intracellulaires, de plusieurs protéines impliquées dans la transduction soit des signaux apoptotiques, soit des signaux non-apoptotiques. Au cours des vingt dernières années, plusieurs études ont démontré l'implication du couple CD95L/CD95 dans l'étiologie de diverses pathologies. Il apparaît que la forme clivée de CD95L joue un rôle clé dans l'induction de plusieurs voies non-apoptotiques, telles que la prolifération cellulaire et la migration. De plus, il a récemment été observé que la concentration de CD95L clivé est augmentée dans le sérum de patients atteints de pathologies telles que certains cancers, maladies auto-immunes et inflammations chroniques et, plus important encore, elle est corrélée à la progression de ces maladies. Il est donc important de comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires qui contrôlent ce clivage. Les métalloprotéases matricielles sont des enzymes protéolytiques capables de dégrader tous les composants de la matrice extracellulaire. Des études antérieures ont montré leur implication dans le clivage de certains membres de la superfamille des ligands TNF. Ma thèse de doctorat vise à identifier les protéases impliquées dans le clivage de CD95L et à localiser précisément ces sites de clivage. Nous avons identifié quatre métalloprotéases impliquées dans le clivage du domaine extracellulaire de CD95L, en utilisant des approches biochimiques basées sur le clivage in vitro de protéines recombinantes et de peptides synthétiques. Par la suite, en utilisant la spectrométrie de masse couplée à la LC (LC-MS/MS), nous cartographions précisément les sites de clivage. Cette étude fournit le premier criblage systématique du clivage de CD95L par les métalloprotéases, qui jusqu'à présent n'avait été que très partiellement décrit. Nous confirmons une partie des données précédemment décrites de la littérature, identifions de nouvelles protéases impliquées dans le clivage de CD95L et décrivons de nouveaux sites de clivage. Dans l'ensemble, nos observations soulignent que si les études sur le potentiel thérapeutique du CD95L soluble sont prometteuses, on en sait peu sur les mécanismes moléculaires et physiologiques associés à la libération protéolytique du CD95L soluble. Ces travaux ont contribué à combler un manque de la littérature scientifique et apportent des observations essentielles pour le développement de nouvelles options thérapeutiques ciblant la forme soluble du CD95L.The prototype CD95 receptor is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein which, like other members of the TNF receptor family, is ubiquitously expressed in healthy and pathological tissues. Its natural ligand CD95L is a type II transmembrane protein mainly expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Stimulation of CD95 by its physiological ligand will induce its oligomerization and the recruitment, via its intracellular domains, of several proteins involved in the transduction of either the apoptotic or the non-apoptotic signals. Over the past twenty years, several studies have demonstrated the involvement of the CD95L/CD95 pair in the etiology of various pathologies. It appears that the cleaved form of CD95L plays a key role in the induction of several non-apoptotic pathways, such as cell proliferation and migration. In addition, it has recently been observed that the concentration of cleaved CD95L is increased in the serum of patients with pathological conditions such as certain cancer, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammation, and, more importantly, it correlates with the progression of these diseases. It is therefore important to understand the molecular mechanisms that control this cleavage. Matrix metalloproteases are proteolytic enzymes capable of degrading all extracellular matrix components. Previous studies have shown their involvement in the cleavage of certain members of the TNF ligand superfamily. My doctoral thesis aims to identify the proteases involved in the cleavage of CD95L and precisely locate these cleavage sites. We have identified four metalloproteases involved in the cleavage of the extracellular domain of CD95L, using biochemical approaches based on the in vitro cleavage of recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides. Subsequently, using LC-coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) we precisely map the cleavage sites. This study provides the first systematic screening of the cleavage of CD95L by metalloproteases, which until now had only been described very partially. We confirm part of the previously described data from the literature, identify new proteases involved in the cleavage of CD95L and describe new cleavage sites. Taken together, our observations underline that while studies on the therapeutic potential of soluble CD95L are promising, little is known about the molecular and physiological mechanisms associated with the proteolytical release of soluble CD95L. This work contributed to fill the gap in the scientific literature and provides essential data for the development of new therapeutic options to target the soluble form of CD95L
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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