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Mécanismes moléculaires de l’hétérogénéité des plaques d’athérosclérose et des calcifications dans les artères périphériques : régulation des miRs dans les calcifications vasculaires des artères périphériques
No full textThe first objective of this work was to identify the miRs associated with vascular calcification (VC), to characterise their involvement in the mineralisation of VSMCs, and to determine their target genes. The second objective was to study the mechanisms of arterial heterogeneity by comparing the phenotype of carotid and femoral VSMCs and their response to pro-atherosclerotic stimuli. Firstly, we used calcified and non-calcified human atheromatous arteries (Biocoll.ECLAGEN) to identify VC-associated miRs by combining miRNomic (microfluidic arrays) and transcriptomic analysis to select candidate miRs and their predicted target genes. We then validated the functional role of candidate miRs in cell mineralisation of human aortic VSMCs. Secondly, we extracted VSMCs from healthy carotid and femoral arteries (Biocoll.ECLA-H) to study phenotypic differences (contractile/inflammatory markers, migration, contractility, lipid uptake) in the basal state and after stimulation with pro-inflammatory (IL1β, IL6) or pro-fibrotic cytokines (TGFβ and PDGF). In our study, we first identified 12 miRs associated with VC. Among them, we showed that the expression of miR136, miR155 and miR183 was regulated during VSMC mineralisation and that their overexpression induced VSMC mineralisation and phenotypic transcriptional changes. Cross-analysis led to the identification of the CD73 and Smad3 pathways as predicted target genes responsible for the pro-mineralising function of miR155. Secondly, a comparative phenotypic study of carotid and femoral VSMCs allowed us to demonstrate several transcriptional differences, with higher expression of activation markers (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) in the carotid territory and higher expression of contractile markers (ACTA2, SM22α, SMMHC) in the femoral territory. Preliminary experiments analysing contractility and response to lipid stress suggested a trend towards greater contractility and lipid uptake in the femoral territory. No difference was observed when phenotypic switches and cell migration were analysed. These results demonstrate the potential benefit of miR155 inhibition in limiting the development of VC in atheromatous lesions of peripheral arteries.Le premier objectif de ce travail était d'identifier les miRs associés aux calcifications vasculaires (CV), de caractériser leur implication dans la minéralisation des CMLVs, et de déterminer leurs gènes cibles. Le second objectif était d’étudier les mécanismes de l’hétérogénéité artérielle en comparant le phénotype des CMLVs carotides et fémorales, et leur réponse aux stimuli pro-athérosclérotiques. Premièrement, nous avons utilisé des artères athéromateuses humaines calcifiées et non calcifiées (Biocoll.ECLAGEN) pour identifier les miRs associés aux CV en combinant une analyse miRNomique (puces microfluidiques) et transcriptomique pour sélectionner des miRs candidats et leurs gènes cibles prédits. Nous avons ensuite validé le rôle fonctionnel des miRs candidats dans la minéralisation cellulaire des CMLVs humaines aortiques. Deuxièmement, nous avons extrait des CMLVs d’artères carotides et fémorales saines (Biocoll.ECLA-H) pour étudier les différences phénotypiques (marqueurs contractiles/inflammatoires, migration, contractilité, captation des lipides) à l’état basal et après stimulation par des cytokines pro-inflammatoires (IL1β, IL6) ou pro-fibrosantes (TGFβ et PDGF). Notre étude a d’abord permis l’identification de 12 miRs associés aux CV. Parmi eux, nous avons montré que l'expression des miR136, miR155 et miR183 était régulée pendant la minéralisation des CMLVs, que leur surexpression induisait la minéralisation des CMLVs et des modifications phénotypiques transcriptionnelles. L'analyse croisée a conduit à l'identification des voies CD73 et Smad3 comme gènes cibles prédits responsables de la fonction pro-minéralisante du miR155. Dans un deuxième temps, l’étude phénotypique comparative des CMLVs carotides et fémorales nous a permis de montrer certaines différences transcriptionnelles, l’expression des marqueurs d’activation (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) était supérieure dans le territoire carotidien, l’expression des marqueurs contractiles (ACTA2, SM22α, SMMHC) était supérieure dans le territoire fémoral. Les expériences préliminaires d’analyse de contractilité et de réponse au stress lipidique suggéraient une tendance à une contractilité et une captation de lipides plus importante dans le territoire fémoral. Nous n’avons pas montré de différence lors de l’analyse des switch phénotypiques et de la migration cellulaire. Ces résultats montrent le bénéfice potentiel de l'inhibition du miR155 pour limiter le développement des calcifications vasculaires dans les lésions athéromateuses des artères périphériques
Mécanismes moléculaires de l’hétérogénéité des plaques d’athérosclérose et des calcifications dans les artères périphériques : régulation des miRs dans les calcifications vasculaires des artères périphériques
No full textThe first objective of this work was to identify the miRs associated with vascular calcification (VC), to characterise their involvement in the mineralisation of VSMCs, and to determine their target genes. The second objective was to study the mechanisms of arterial heterogeneity by comparing the phenotype of carotid and femoral VSMCs and their response to pro-atherosclerotic stimuli. Firstly, we used calcified and non-calcified human atheromatous arteries (Biocoll.ECLAGEN) to identify VC-associated miRs by combining miRNomic (microfluidic arrays) and transcriptomic analysis to select candidate miRs and their predicted target genes. We then validated the functional role of candidate miRs in cell mineralisation of human aortic VSMCs. Secondly, we extracted VSMCs from healthy carotid and femoral arteries (Biocoll.ECLA-H) to study phenotypic differences (contractile/inflammatory markers, migration, contractility, lipid uptake) in the basal state and after stimulation with pro-inflammatory (IL1β, IL6) or pro-fibrotic cytokines (TGFβ and PDGF). In our study, we first identified 12 miRs associated with VC. Among them, we showed that the expression of miR136, miR155 and miR183 was regulated during VSMC mineralisation and that their overexpression induced VSMC mineralisation and phenotypic transcriptional changes. Cross-analysis led to the identification of the CD73 and Smad3 pathways as predicted target genes responsible for the pro-mineralising function of miR155. Secondly, a comparative phenotypic study of carotid and femoral VSMCs allowed us to demonstrate several transcriptional differences, with higher expression of activation markers (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) in the carotid territory and higher expression of contractile markers (ACTA2, SM22α, SMMHC) in the femoral territory. Preliminary experiments analysing contractility and response to lipid stress suggested a trend towards greater contractility and lipid uptake in the femoral territory. No difference was observed when phenotypic switches and cell migration were analysed. These results demonstrate the potential benefit of miR155 inhibition in limiting the development of VC in atheromatous lesions of peripheral arteries.Le premier objectif de ce travail était d'identifier les miRs associés aux calcifications vasculaires (CV), de caractériser leur implication dans la minéralisation des CMLVs, et de déterminer leurs gènes cibles. Le second objectif était d’étudier les mécanismes de l’hétérogénéité artérielle en comparant le phénotype des CMLVs carotides et fémorales, et leur réponse aux stimuli pro-athérosclérotiques. Premièrement, nous avons utilisé des artères athéromateuses humaines calcifiées et non calcifiées (Biocoll.ECLAGEN) pour identifier les miRs associés aux CV en combinant une analyse miRNomique (puces microfluidiques) et transcriptomique pour sélectionner des miRs candidats et leurs gènes cibles prédits. Nous avons ensuite validé le rôle fonctionnel des miRs candidats dans la minéralisation cellulaire des CMLVs humaines aortiques. Deuxièmement, nous avons extrait des CMLVs d’artères carotides et fémorales saines (Biocoll.ECLA-H) pour étudier les différences phénotypiques (marqueurs contractiles/inflammatoires, migration, contractilité, captation des lipides) à l’état basal et après stimulation par des cytokines pro-inflammatoires (IL1β, IL6) ou pro-fibrosantes (TGFβ et PDGF). Notre étude a d’abord permis l’identification de 12 miRs associés aux CV. Parmi eux, nous avons montré que l'expression des miR136, miR155 et miR183 était régulée pendant la minéralisation des CMLVs, que leur surexpression induisait la minéralisation des CMLVs et des modifications phénotypiques transcriptionnelles. L'analyse croisée a conduit à l'identification des voies CD73 et Smad3 comme gènes cibles prédits responsables de la fonction pro-minéralisante du miR155. Dans un deuxième temps, l’étude phénotypique comparative des CMLVs carotides et fémorales nous a permis de montrer certaines différences transcriptionnelles, l’expression des marqueurs d’activation (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) était supérieure dans le territoire carotidien, l’expression des marqueurs contractiles (ACTA2, SM22α, SMMHC) était supérieure dans le territoire fémoral. Les expériences préliminaires d’analyse de contractilité et de réponse au stress lipidique suggéraient une tendance à une contractilité et une captation de lipides plus importante dans le territoire fémoral. Nous n’avons pas montré de différence lors de l’analyse des switch phénotypiques et de la migration cellulaire. Ces résultats montrent le bénéfice potentiel de l'inhibition du miR155 pour limiter le développement des calcifications vasculaires dans les lésions athéromateuses des artères périphériques
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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