1,721,150 research outputs found
Attività fisica e tempo libero
No full textRegular physical activity produces positive effects on both physical and mental health, improving general well-being. Changes in lipemia and blood pressure were found. On the contrary physical inactivity has been related to higher risk of obesity, diabetes and many other chronic diseases.
The rates of adolescents performing physical activity for more than one hour a day at least 5 days a week, vary from 29.75% (15-year-olds) to 40.58% (11-year-olds). The trend is clearly inversely related with age. The rates of adolescents watching TV for at least 4 hours a day are: 15.66% (11y.o.), 21.90% (13y.o.), 21.7% (15y.o.) without gender differences. The rates of adolescents using computer for at least 3 hours a day are: 10.14% (11y.o.), 10.48% (13y.o.), 9.77% (15y.o.). Computer use is higher for boys
Patterns of policy learning in the RIS3 processes of less developed regions
No full textThe implementation of the Smart Specialisation approach was expected to require an especially challenging commitment to policy learning in less advanced regions compared with advanced ones. This paper suggests a partially different analytical framework by discussing the relevance of path dependency in the design and implementation of Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3). The research question concerns the relationship between previous experiences in innovation policy also in less advanced regions and RIS3 policy processes. Based on the two case studies of Sicily and Apulia (Italy), the paper investigates in which way policy heritage contributed to the quality of processes and outcomes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Abitudini e stato nutrizionale dei ragazzi toscani: confronto 2002-2006
No full textIntroduzione La Regione Toscana ha avviato uno studio di sorveglianza nutrizionale nel territorio regionale per raccogliere dati su alimentazione, attività fisica e stato nutrizionale dei ragazzi di 8-9 anni, al fine di orientare le attività educative e preventive sul tema della preobesità e dell’obesità in età evolutiva.
Obiettivi Raccolta sistematica e continua di dati relativi allo stato nutrizionale e alle abitudini alimentari dei ragazzi di terza elementare, per monitorare la presenza e la distribuzione di stati morbosi associati o mediati dalla dieta, al fine di prevenirli.
Metodi Le rilevazioni vengono svolte ogni quattro anni su un campione, rappresentativo di tutta la Regione, di ragazzi di 9 anni che frequentano la terza elementare.
I valori antropometrici, (altezza e peso corporeo) sono rilevati con misurazioni dirette e standardizzate per calcolare l’Indice di Massa Corporea (IMC). Le classi dei ragazzi normopeso, preobesi e obesi sono individuate utilizzando i valori soglia dell’IMC, per l’età evolutiva, secondo il metodo di T. J. Cole.
Le abitudini alimentari sono rilevate tramite l’utilizzo di un Questionario di frequenza alimentare.
Risultati Dai risultati della prima rilevazione, del 2002, emerge che la prevalenza del sovrappeso complessiva è di 31.4%, (di cui 8.8% obesi), senza sostanziale differenza fra maschi e femmine. Tale valore raggiunge il 33.4% nella seconda rilevazione del 2006 (di cui 8.3% obesi).
In sintesi si può osservare che le variazioni registrate sono minime con leggera diminuzione dei normo-sottopeso (-2%) e degli obesi (-0.5%) e leggero aumento dei preobesi.
La frequenza relativa di coloro che dichiarano di consumare frutta quasi tutti i giorni (5-7 giorni la settimana) diminuisce passando dal 70,2% nel 2002 al 49.6% nel 2006.
Analogamente si evidenzia una diminuzione del consumo di verdura che passa da un iniziale 41,8% del 2002 al 34.4% nel 2006.
Conclusioni Grazie alla sistematica raccolta dei dati sullo stato nutrizionale e sui comportamenti alimentari dei ragazzi toscani, è stato possibile progettare interventi di educazione alla salute ad hoc rispetto ai quali è sempre più urgente programmare studi di valutazione della loro efficacia.
Le modifiche al protocollo introdotte in seguito alla sperimentazione e all’avvio dello studio internazionale Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC), dell’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità, consentono, a partire dal 2006, di avere un quadro più ampio che abbraccia le età che vanno da 9 a 15 anni compresi
MPTP-INDUCED PARKINSONISM REVEALS THE NATURE OF CATECHOLAMINE-CONTAINING NEURONS IN THE MOUSE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
No full textParkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative condition which affects dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, leading to movement impairment, although visceral activities, especially at gastrointestinal level, are also affected. In this study, an attempt was made to reproduce these digestive dysfunctions by using the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl, 4-phenyl, 1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in 9-week old C57BL mice. One week after treatment with MPTP (i.p. 20 mg/kg x3, 2 h apart) morphological and biochemical changes on the nervous network of the gut were examined: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET) by immunostaining; catecholamine levels by HPLC-ED. In control mice, TH immunopositivity was well evident in both myenteric and submucous plexuses, as continuous markedly stained rings. From the submucous plexus, nervous fibres and neurons extended to the mucosa up to the axes of the villi. DAT and NET immunopositivity also appeared as stained rings. In MPTP-treated mice, both TH and DAT, but not NET, immunopositive neurons decreased in both plexuses and the continuous ring-like staining was no longer evident. Consistently, while NE levels were unchanged, there was a severe DA depletion. These morphological and biochemical changes were accompanied by a functional impairment which was reminiscent of constipation occurring in PD. These data provide a reliable model to investigate the altered gastrointestinal function in PD, and offer the basis to interpret the digestive dysfunction in PD as a consequence of a selective dopaminergic loss, thus confirming that DA neurons would be the sole catecholamine cells within intrinsic circuitries affecting gut motility and secretions
Efficacia clinica della vaccinazione influenzale in una popolazione di soggetti Anziani durante l’inverno 1999/2000
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