1,721,087 research outputs found
The burden of foot disease in inpatient populations
No full textThis thesis examined the prevalence and factors associated with foot disease (ulcers, infections and ischaemia) in a representative Australian inpatient population. This research is the first to reveal the full extent of the foot (disease) print on our hospitals. It found firstly, that foot disease caused the hospitalisation of one in every 20 inpatients which would make it a top 10 cause of hospitalization in Australia. Secondly, it identified similar factors were associated with foot disease in both diabetes and non-diabetes inpatient populations. Finally, it recommended practical strategies to intervene in the large inpatient burden that really affects Australians down under.\ud
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Background: Foot-related conditions have been reported to be present in large numbers of inpatients. The main foot-related conditions causing hospitalisation appear to be foot disease disorders. Foot disease in those hospitalised has also been associated with long hospital stays, amputations and death. Foot disease disorders include ulcers, infections and ischaemia and are typically precipitated by the common foot risk factors of peripheral arterial disease, peripheral neuropathy and foot deformity. These foot disease disorders and foot risk factors are generally the end result of chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease or kidney disease. Although foot disease appears to affect many people in hospital and has been investigated in diabetes specific inpatient populations, no study has yet quantified the overall burden that foot disease imposes on a representative inpatient population. In order for policy makers, researchers and clinicians to begin to understand and address the overall burden that foot disease imposes on inpatient resources, it is necessary to determine the prevalence and associated factors of foot disease in representative inpatient populations.\ud
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Aim: The purpose of this thesis was to improve the understanding of the overall burden of foot disease in inpatient populations. The main aim was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of people with foot-related conditions, foot disease disorders and foot risk factors in a representative inpatient population.\ud
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Methods: Three different study designs were utilised in this thesis. First, two literature reviews were conducted, including a systematic review and meta-analysis, to synthesise what was known from the existing literature investigating the prevalence of foot-related conditions and foot disease in inpatient populations. Second, a validity and reliability study was conducted to test the accuracy and consistency of a new multi-item data collection instrument to identify foot disease disorders and foot risk factors in representative populations. Lastly, the major study of this thesis was a multi-site cross-sectional point-prevalence study of five hospitals considered to be representative of the different categories of Australian hospitals. The aims were to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of foot-related conditions, foot disease disorders and foot risk factors in a large representative inpatient population.\ud
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Results: The literature reviews identified that foot disease disorders were the main foot-related conditions causing hospitalisation in inpatient populations. The systematic review identified studies that indicated up to 1.2% of representative inpatients had been hospitalised because of a foot disease disorder, up to 13% had a foot disease disorder present and up to 36% had a foot risk factor for developing foot disease. No study was identified that had investigated the overall prevalence of foot disease or reported a data collection instrument to capture relevant foot disease items in a representative inpatient population. A 46-item data collection instrument was developed and tested to collect foot disease data in representative populations. Criterion measure reliability of at least moderate categories of agreement (Kappa statistic >0.4; Intraclass Correlation >0.75) were reported in 91% of tested items. Criterion validity of at least moderate categories (Positive Predictive Value >0.7) were reported in 83% of tested items. Inter- and intra-rater reliability of at least moderate categories was also reported in 88% and 87% of tested items respectively. The major study recruited 733 (83%) of 883 eligible participants; mean(SD) age 62(19) years, male 55.8%. Foot-related conditions were the primary reason for admission in 54 participants (7.4% (95% Confidence Interval: 5.7-9.5%)); including 36 (4.9%) for foot disease and 15 (2.1%) for foot trauma. Foot-related conditions were present in 86 participants (11.8% (95% Confidence Interval: 9.6-14.3%)); including 72 (9.8%) with foot disease (6.7% foot ulcers, 3.3% infections and 4.5% ischaemia) and 1.9% had undergone a new amputation procedure. Foot risk factors for developing foot disease were present in 336 participants (46.0% (95% Confidence Interval: 42.4-49.7%)); including previous amputations (4.1%), previous foot ulcers (9.8%), peripheral arterial disease (21.0%), peripheral neuropathy (22.0%) and foot deformity (22.4%). Being admitted for the primary reason of a foot-related condition was independently associated with foot infection, ischaemia, ulcers, acute foot trauma and past foot treatment by a general practitioner or surgeon in the year prior to hospitalisation (p < 0.01). Foot disease was predominantly associated with previous foot ulcers, acute foot trauma and past foot treatment by a surgeon prior to hospitalisation (p < 0.01). New amputations were independently associated with foot infection (p < 0.01). Foot risk factors for developing foot disease were predominantly associated with older age, diabetes, cerebrovascular accident history, arthritis, smoking, mobility impairment, other foot risk factors and past foot treatment prior to hospitalisation (p < 0.01).\ud
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Conclusions: The main findings of this thesis contribute the most robust, valid and generalizable estimates to date regarding the overall inpatient burden of foot disease. These findings suggest that nearly half of all hospitalised patients have a foot risk factor for developing foot disease (46%), one fifth of those have foot disease present (10%), one half of those have been hospitalised because of their foot disease (5%), and one third of those underwent an amputation (2%) during their admission. The majority of foot-related hospitalisations were due to foot disease and people without diabetes made up more than half of those patients. The main factors found to be independently associated with inpatient foot disease or foot risk factor outcomes were older age, diabetes, arthritis, cerebrovascular accident history, smoking, mobility impairment, acute foot trauma, previous ulcers, peripheral arterial disease, peripheral neuropathy and past foot treatment by a surgeon or podiatrist. Even after controlling for diabetes these factors were very similar to those previously identified in the literature to predict foot disease in diabetes populations. Overall, the direct inpatient burden caused by foot disease is estimated to place foot disease in the top 10 leading causes of hospitalisation in Australia at an annual cost of $AU1.6 billion. This thesis has made a number of recommendations to further investigate and intervene in this large, yet under-appreciated, inpatient burden of foot disease
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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