1,721,184 research outputs found
The disaffiliation crisis of 1932: the Labour Party, the Independent Labour Party (ILP) and the opinion of ILP members
No full textThe essay deals with one of the major turning points in inter-war British Labour politics, the disaffiliation of the Independent Labour Party from the Labour Party in 1932. Examining the tensions between the Labour Party and the ILP in the early inter-war years Keith Laybourn suggests that this was a product of tensions that had been building up since the beginning of the inter-war years was not simply a product of any last minute campaign by some prominent placed and leading members of the ILP driven by the concern to speed up the socialist revolution. They might have felt that a workers’ revolution was required to replace the Labour Party approach of administering capitalism and seeking its reform but this was not a view held by most in the Labour Party, or possibly the majority of ILP membership in 1932, which were ready to accept conventional and disciplined politics. In the end, however, petulance, rather than sensible decision making, drove the ILP out of the Labour Party in a brief moment when, as became obvious, a minority of disaffiliationists gained control of the ILP
J.H. Whitley and Halifax Politics between 1890 and 1906: The Politics of Social Reform
No full textJohn Henry Whitley, famously a Speaker of the House of Commons in the 1920s, was a politician deeply influenced by his Halifax roots. With strong Halifax credentials Whitley built himself a reputation for social, educational, charitable and municipal work in Halifax. Indeed, in 1900 Whitley was a reluctant and late convert to parliamentary politics and even then much preferred to be involved in local charitable work and municipal politics. Whitley never managed to establish a truly close relationship with the Halifax Independent Labour Party (ILP) or Labour Party, except for a brief honeymoon period of the local political pact between 1903 and 1906. Whitley agreed with many of the progressive policies of New Liberalism and tried to apply their principles to the local community, fully aware of the national perspective New Liberalism entailed
'The People's Flag is Deepest Red, It Shrouded Oft Our Martyred Dead':Martyrdom and the People's History
No full textThis concluding chapter reviews the histories presented in the book and seeks out the commonalities and the contrasts between them. All share features with the sacred martyrdoms of earlier centuries. In each case the state’s response has also demonstrated common features: primarily, each martyrdom represents a failure of the state, either tactically or strategically. In England and Wales the role of a community in creating and sustaining a secular martyrdom has been primary, while in Ireland martyrdoms demonstrate the power of institutions such as the nascent Irish state. Each martyrdom has been not merely a drama but also an historically significant ‘event’, happening at a moment marked by new times and the emergence of new forces. As a result, a general history of secular martyrdom can be written
'A Divine Discontent with Wrong':The People's Martyrology
No full textThis introduction excavates the meaning and use of ‘martyr’ in the thinking of British and Irish oppositionists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It examines the theological roots of the term, the practices of the Church and the impact of the Reformation on later understandings of who and what a martyr was. Furthermore, it pursues a philological investigation into the use of the word ‘martyr’ and its related terms—‘saint’, ‘hero’, ‘Judas’ and ‘innocent’—in conventional, radical and oppositionist writings. The final section turns to the concept of a ‘civil religion’ before considering how a simple ‘death’ is transformed into a ‘martyrdom’. This, and the following contributions, make it clear that ‘the people’s martyrology’ is more than just a particularly apt phrase
Introduction
No full textJ. H. Whitley, famously Speaker of the House of Commons in the 1920s, was a vitally important figure in many other areas of politics and civic, urban and religious life in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Whitley's lifetime corresponded almost exactly with the period when legislation saw Britain move from constitutional government to democracy, provoking within the United Kingdom and the Empire notions of self-government and self-regulation. This chapter also presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book captures the changes in British society and politics through the medium of the life of Whitley. It reflects upon how Whitley was shaped by his Halifax roots throughout his political life and outlines his career from social reformer, to municipal councillor and MP and eventually to Speaker of the House of Commons
Electoral reform, politics and the Ascott Martyrs
No full text‘The franchise must be extended to households and individual men, so that they could be eligible to vote and represent the needs of labourers in Parliament’
– Christopher Holloway, NALU Oxfordshire activist, 1873
The essay outlines the growth of voters in Ascott in successive electoral reform acts in 1867, 1872,1884 and 1918. Although in 1884 rural poor men received the vote, including the Ascott strikers, the survivors of the female Ascott Martyrs did not become enfranchised until after the First World War.After 1884 Ascott farmworkers probably followed the Liberalism of Joseph Arch, but by 1922 the Conservative landed patriarchy re-asserted itself
Secular Martyrdom in Britain and Ireland:From Peterloo to the Present
No full textThis edited collection examines the concept and nature of the ‘people’s martyrology’, raising issues of class, community, religion and authority. It examines modern martyrdom through studies of Peterloo; Tolpuddle; Featherstone; Tonypandy; Emily Davison, fatally injured by the King’s horse on Derby Day, 1913; the 1916 Easter Rising; Jarrow, ‘the town that was murdered, and martyred in the 1930s’; David Oluwale, a Nigerian killed in Leeds in 1965; and Bobby Sands, the IRA hunger striker who died in 1981. It engages with the burgeoning historiography of memory to try to understand why some events, such as Peterloo, Tonypandy and the Easter Rising, have become household names whilst others, most notably Featherstone and Oluwale, are barely known. It will appeal to those interested in British and Irish labour history, as well as the study of memory and memorialization
From 'Dorchester Labourers' to 'Tolpuddle Martyrs': celebrating radicalism in the English countryside
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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