1,721,044 research outputs found
The impact of perinatal exposure to paternal anxiety on offspring: a prospective study using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort
Full text linkBackground: paternal perinatal mental health influences subsequent child development, yet is under-investigated. This study aims to examine the impact of different timings of paternal perinatal anxiety (prenatal-only, postnatal-only, and both pre-and postnatally) on children’s subsequent emotional and behavioral difficulties.Method: we used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and tested the prospective associations between anxiety in fathers and adverse mental health outcomes in children at 3 years, 6 months and 7 years, 7 months.Results: children whose fathers were anxious in the perinatal period were at higher risk of subsequent adverse outcomes, compared to children whose fathers were not anxious perinatally. At 3 years, 6 months, the highest risk group was the one with fathers anxious prenatally-only; compared to children with non-anxious fathers, children in the prenatal-only group were significantly more likely to present mental health difficulties, measured by total problems (unadjOR = 1.82, 95%CI [1.28, 2.53]). At 7 years, 7 months, children exposed to paternal anxiety both pre- and postnatally were at higher risk of any psychiatric disorder (unadjOR = 2.35, 95%CI [1.60, 3.37]) compared to the non-anxious group.Conclusions: paternal perinatal anxiety is a risk factor for child adverse outcomes, even after accounting for maternal mental health, child temperament, and sociodemographic factors, and should not be overlooked in research and clinical practice
Infant learning from fathers in a social referencing paradigm: a registered report
No full textAnxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders among children worldwide. The exposure to parents’ anxious behaviours represents an environmental risk factor for offspring anxiety and infant behavioural inhibition is prospectively associated with the broad class of anxiety disorders. However, fathers have been largely neglected in the study of child anxiety and their causal role in its intergenerational transmission remains to be investigated. In this experiment, we will test the impact of experimentally-manipulating fathers’ socially anxious behaviours on their infants’ behavioural and emotional responses to a stranger in a social referencing paradigm. Moreover, we will investigate the moderating role of infant behavioural inhibition. Twelve to 14-month-old infants (N sample size = XX; M age = XX; SD = XX) recruited in the county of Hampshire, United Kingdom, will participate in the study with their non-anxious fathers, who will be trained to interact in a neutral or anxious manner with two different male strangers. All infants will experience two conditions: (i) father interacting in a neutral (i.e., non-anxious) manner with the stranger, and (ii) father interacting in a socially anxious manner with a different stranger. The order of each condition and the order of stranger presentation will be counterbalanced. This experimental study will help shed light on the causal role of fathers’ anxious behaviours in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety
Intrusive imagery in anxiety disorders in adolescents
No full textBackground: mental imagery plays an important role in models of anxiety disorders in adults. This understanding rests on qualitative and quantitative studies. Qualitative studies of imagery in anxious adolescents have not been reported in the literature. Aims: to address this gap, we aimed to explore adolescents’ experiences of spontaneous imagery in the context of anxiety disorders.Method: we conducted one-to-one semi-structured interviews, with 13 adolescents aged 13-17 years with a DSM-5 anxiety disorder, regarding their experiences of spontaneous imagery. We analysed participants’ responses using thematic analysis.Results: we identified five super-ordinate themes relating to adolescents’ influences on images, distractions from images, controllability of images, emotional responses to imagery and contextual influences on imagery. Conclusions: our findings suggest spontaneous images are an important phenomenon in anxiety disorders in adolescents, associated with negative emotions during and after their occurrence. Contextual factors and adolescents’ own cognitive styles appear to influence adolescents’ experiences of images in anxiety disorders. <br/
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Pathways to inflated responsibility beliefs in adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary investigation
No full textBackground: An inflated sense of responsibility is characteristic of obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD). No previous studies have investigated its origins. Five potential pathways to
inflated responsibility beliefs have been proposed; these are tested in this study. Method: A
novel measure, the Origins Questionnaire for Adolescents (OQA), was developed to assess
experiences on these five pathways. Reliability of the OQA was investigated. The experiences
on the five pathways to inflated responsibility beliefs of sixteen adolescents with a history of
OCD were compared to sixteen adolescents with no history of OCD. Parents also reported on
adolescents’ experiences on the five pathways. Results: Inter-rater reliability was high. The
internal consistency of the subscales were only partly satisfactory. The groups differed on one
pathway; the clinical group reported a higher sense of responsibility for significant incidents with
a negative outcome prior to onset of OCD. Conclusions: An inflated sense of responsibility, in
combination with the occurrence of specific incidents, might act as a vulnerability factor for
development of OCD. Future research should consider how to measure the subtle effects of
experiences of responsibility over the course of development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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