4,321 research outputs found
RoMEO Studies 6: Rights metadata for open-archiving
Get PDFThis is the final study in a series of six emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open-archiving) which investigated the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues relating to academic author self-archiving of research papers. It reports the results of a survey of 542 academic authors showing the level of protection required for their open-access research papers. It then describes the selection of an appropriate means of expressing those rights through metadata and the resulting choice of Creative Commons licences. Finally it outlines proposals for communicating rights metadata via the Open Archives Initiative’s Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH)
The monitoring of the rights of the child: a child rights-based approach
No full textPhDDue to the lacunae between legal obligations to human rights and the actual situation,
monitoring is an essential component of the international and national human rights system.
Monitoring illuminates the situation of human rights commitments and ensures the relevancy
of instruments. The thesis explores monitoring in relation to the rights of the child and
submits that a child rights-based approach is essential. Monitoring should not only consider
the status and nature of child rights, but a child rights-based approach should also guide
efforts so that they improve as well as reflect and respect children's rights.
The study defines monitoring and describes a child rights-based approach. As a subject of
legal investigation, the thesis then addresses several questions. How do international and
national monitoring efforts respect child rights? How have the supervision of international
conference agreements supported child rights? Furthermore, how do different countries
monitor? National activities are examined through case studies of two Commonwealth
countries: Canada and South Africa. Then, analysis is presented about how actors interpret
and execute monitoring and the significance of different approaches. Lastly, the rationale,
challenges and existing support of a child rights-based approach are discussed. In sum, a
child rights-based approach is not generally utilised and the implications of child rights upon
the monitoring process are not yet realised. Most monitors, whether international, regional
or domestic, inadequately consider the demands of child rights upon the process of
ascertaining the situation of children's rights. Proposed guidelines are appended to support
a child rights-based approach to monitoring
Regional Study on Human Development and Human Rights in Central and Eastern Europe
Get PDFhuman development, human rights
RoMEO Studies 2: How academics wish to protect their open-access research paper
No full textThis paper is the second in a series of studies (see Gadd, E., C. Oppenheim, and S. Probets. RoMEO Studies 1: The impact of copyright ownership on author-self-archiving. Journal of Documentation. 59(3) 243-277) emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open-archiving). It considers the protection for research papers afforded by UK copyright law, and by e-journal licences. It compares this with the protection required by academic authors for open-access research papers as discovered by the RoMEO academic author survey. The survey used the Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) as a framework for collecting views from 542 academics as to the permissions, restrictions, and conditions they wanted to assert over their works. Responses from self-archivers and non-archivers are compared. Concludes that most academic authors are primarily interested in preserving their moral rights, and that the protection offered research papers by copyright law is way in excess of that required by most academics. It also raises concerns about the level of protection enforced by e-journal licence agreement
A critical ethnography of young adolescents' occupational choices in a community in post-apartheid South Africa
No full textThis thesis explored the occupational choices of young adolescents in a southern peninsula Cape Town community of Lavender Hill in South Africa. Informed by current research and prior professional and personal experiences with young adolescents in Lavender Hill, the research question asked: 'What informs occupational choice among young adolescents in Lavender Hill?' This complemented the research aim, which was to generate insight into the nature of the occupational choices of a group of young adolescents in Lavender Hill, and the factors that influenced their occupational choices
Sample protocol for adolescent abuse and neglect cases, evaluation tool, model policies
No full textAmy Miller & Julie McFarlane.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 28-29).Funded by a grant from Oregon's Children's Justice Act Task Force, Department of Human Services.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Copyright & Risk: Scoping the Wellcome Digital Library Project
Get PDFCopyright & Risk: Scoping the Wellcome Digital Library is a comprehensive case study which aims to assess the merits of the risk-managed approach to copyright clearance adopted by the Wellcome Library (WL) in the course of their pilot digitisation project Codebreakers: Makers of Modern Genetics.
Whilst the WL clearly identifies as a library, as a collecting institution it extends from books and periodicals to include archives and manuscripts, art, the moving image and sound associated with the biomedical sciences and the medical humanities.[1] In this case study we consider the digitisation of both library (books) and archive material as part of the Codebreakers project, although our principal interest lies with the archive digitisation strand.
This report assesses the merits of the WL’s approach to copyright compliance by:
Introducing the WL and the Codebreakers mass digitisation project
Outlining the copyright challenges presented by the mass-digitisation effort
Discussing the risk management methods used by the WL in determining which rights should be cleared
Examining the results of the risk-managed copyright clearance process
As a result of this analysis, the research aims to:
Compare the Wellcome experience on Codebreakers to rights clearance exercises attempted by other cultural heritage institutions
Provide policy makers with useful data and insights to inform the debate on copyright exceptions for cultural heritage institutions
Discuss the relevance of this approach for other UK archive institutions
Prior to the preparation of this case study, CREATe published a working paper in March 2013[2], reviewing current and proposed changes to UK copyright law, and specifically exceptions provided for libraries and archives. This was further extended by a review of available literature on the digitisation of archival and library collections for publication online, contextualized with specific examples.
Existing literature reveals that rights clearance procedures impose prohibitive burdens on cultural institutions, through the cost of staff time and training in both diligent search and the process of contacting rightsholders.[3] It also indicates that in most cases, the results of rights clearance processes are unsatisfactory: either copyright holders cannot be identified and traced; or those who are contacted, do not respond to permission requests. Archives, in contrast to libraries, have the added complication of dealing with larger and more varied collections of material, the majority of which has been created for non-commercial purposes; this material is often unpublished at the point of deposit with the archive, and typically includes higher proportions of orphan works (when compared with traditional library collections).[4]
Documented examples of archival rights clearance projects are scarce, and where studies do exist, they have generally been conducted at a large-scale level, and do not contain sufficient detail to enable in-depth analysis of the rights clearance process.[5] Anna Vuopala’s excellent Orphan Works study[6] includes examples of rights clearance projects at 19 institutions, and focuses almost exclusively on the time and cost required to clear rights, which is extremely useful, but leaves out other valuable details about the right clearance process: for example, the number of rightsholders’ contact details found; the refusal rates and reasons given for refusal at each institution; and the number of rightsholders who do not respond to permission requests.
In general, there is a lack of detailed evidence concerning rights clearance in archival digitisation, and especially in relation to projects that employ risk-management strategies in a sector which is known to be highly risk averse. The WL was chosen as an appropriate subject for this case study given the scale of their digitisation aims, and their use of a risk managed approach to copyright compliance.
Codebreakers, as a digitisation project, was never designed to facilitate a study of the process of rights clearance – by the time data collection for the Copyright and Risk Project began, Codebreakers was entering its final stages, with the official launch of the project website taking place in February 2013. As a result, semi-structured interviews were chosen as the most effective method of obtaining data about the project. Interviews were conducted with key project staff at the WL as well as with staff from five partner archives involved in delivering the Codebreakers project.
The semi-structured format of the interviews was chosen for its flexibility; a list of questions was chosen, but given the length of the interviews, it was possible to divert from these questions and follow up on unexpected lines of enquiry raised by the interview subjects. Also, by working from a set list of questions, it was still possible to collate the answers to specific questions, thereby producing some quantifiable data. The questions were generated through a discussion of the aims of the project, and through consultation of other similar projects: specifically Jean Dryden’s doctoral research on the practices of Canadian repositories when making their archival material available online.[7]
The interviews covered five specific areas: the respondents’ role within their place of work; their role working on the Codebreakers project; the rights clearance challenges posed by the project; the development of policies and practices over the timeframe of the project; and finally, the respondents’ own views and experience of copyright, divorced from an institutional perspective.
Using this method of enquiry, respondents were asked about policies and practices mandated by the institutions they work for, but also for their own opinions as professionals, built up though work experience, education and training. By encouraging the respondents to reflect on their own experience, it was also possible to use the ‘snowball’ technique to tease out pointers to documentation and other resources used by the respondents, not only in relation to this project, but to their experience working on others as well.
Once completed, the interviews were transcribed to provide usable data. The transcriptions were used for a variety of purposes. Responses to specific questions were logged to give quantifiable results. Where respondents gave specific examples of practices, or policy changes, these are used as evidence in the text of this report. As a result of interviewing respondents at the Wellcome, project documentation was also made available for inclusion in this case study. This material takes two forms: policy documents which were circulated and updated as the project took place; and an internal report produced towards the end of the project, which includes a variety of statistics and more general lessons learned. The documentation has been discussed in the text of the report and examples of specific documents are available in the Appendix.
This combination of anecdotal evidence, combined with results and project documentation, has allowed us to trace the processes by which the WL has used risk management to achieve their digitisation objectives.
[1] The Wellcome Library Collection Development Policy is available athttp://wellcomelibrary.org/content/documents/policy-documents/collection-development-policy.pdf [Accessed: 5 Dec 2013]
[2] Deazley, R., and Stobo, V. (2013) Archives and Copyright: Risk and Reform. Working Paper. CREATe / University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
[3] Ibid
[4] For any work, created by an author who died before 1 January 1969, which was unpublished as of 1 August 1989 (when the CDPA 1988 came into force), the duration of copyright will last until 31 December 2039. CDPA, Schedule 1, s.12(4).
[5] Vuopala, A., “Assessment of the Orphan works issue and Costs for Rights Clearance” (May 2010), available at: and Korn, N., (2009) “In from the Cold” JISC & The Collections Trust, available at: [Accessed: 1 Sep 2013]
[6] Vuopala, A., (2010) – See page 39, and the example of the National Archives ‘Moving Here’ project. 45 rightsholders refused permission, but information regarding the reasons for refusal is not available. As to the rightsholders who could not be identified in relation to 385 documents – it is not made clear whether contact details could not be found for these individuals, or if they were but did not respond to permission requests.
[7] Dryden, J., “Copyright issues in the selection of archival material for internet access” (2008) Archival Science 123-4
Valdosta Project Change, Scrapbook, July 1998
Get PDFValdosta Project Change. “Valdosta Project Change Scrapbook, July 1998,” Lowndes County Historical Society. Valdosta State University Archives and Special Collections, MS-181: Valdosta Project Change Scrapbook Collection, 1997-2003. 1 PDF document and scans, 11pages. 219 MB (229,985,195 bytes).7/5- Racial politics still with us- Bill Shipp; 7/7- Three men indicted in dragging death- no author; 7/13- Even Clinton can’t bridge a racial gap- Marsha Mercer; 7/14- NAACP president Mfume calls Supreme Court members ‘hypocrites’- Associated Press; 7/15- Are we will really ready to live with the truth? - Charles Moore; 7/15- Powell urges NAACP to empower black youth- no author; 7/16- Assessing the Value of Desegregation (Two Copies)- Bill Maxwell; 7/17- Black Civil War soldiers remembered at Arlington- no author; 7/17- NAACP convention closes, saluting return of civil rights- Associated Press
Governance and economic growth
Get PDFBecause protection of property rights cannot be appropriated by any individual, it is widely recognized as being the state's responsibility. Moreover, recent empirical evidence suggests that protection of property rights leads to higher investment levels and faster growth. The extent of property rights protection differs significantly across countries. The author integrates the emergence of property rights within a simple growth framework. Drawing on North (1990), he presents a model where economic performance and enforcement of property rights may reinforce each other.Initial conditions determine the economy's convergence to a high-income or a low-income steady state. Existing empirical evidence offers tentative support for this theory.Judicial System Reform,Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Common Property Resource Development,Economic Theory&Research,Inequality,Common Property Resource Development,Environmental Economics&Policies,Governance Indicators
Accomplishing the impossible: overcoming obstacles of a combined irrigation project
Get PDFPresented during the USCID water management conference held on October 13-16, 2004 in Salt Lake City, Utah. The theme of the conference was "Water rights and related water supply issues."During the past five years of record-breaking drought, the impossible was done when the unlikeliest group collaborated in western Uintah County, Utah. Individuals from the Uintah Water Conservancy District, the Ouray Park Irrigation Company, the Uintah River Irrigation Company, and the Ute and Ouray Indian Tribes, represented by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, agreed to implement an irrigation project that would combine seven irrigation canals into a single pressurized delivery system. These individual groups had many obstacles and historical mistrust to overcome before construction even could begin on the West Side Combined Canal Salinity Project (WSCCSP). The first obstacle was to acquire sufficient funding to design and construct the five divisions of the WSCCSP. Another obstacle faced was coordinating and improving the ecological and environmental issues by increasing instream flows and tightening salinity control in order to be eligible to receive the needed Federal funding for the project. There was also the sensitive subject, especially in times of drought, of juggling the water rights of the project participants. The project areas' water rights include Native American water rights and non-Tribal water rights. Some participants have storage rights while others have only direct flow rights. Probably the most difficult obstacle was socio-economic. The historical mistrust between the entities needed to be resolved and the project participants have cooperated to share resources rather than compete for a less than adequate water supply. These obstacles, having been overcome, have resulted in very apparent project benefits. With three of the five project divisions complete, water has been conserved, water deliveries have been maximized, crops yields have increased, and the usable water supply has been increased through better efficiency and management.Proceedings sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Central Utah Project Completion Act Office and the U.S. Committee on Irrigation and Drainage
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