1,720,970 research outputs found
Low temperature alteration of trioctahedral micas to beidellite in a karstic environment
No full text
Structure and mineralogy of layer silicates: recent perspectives and new trends
No full textBecause of their many novel and advanced applications, there is increasing interest in layer silicates from the scientific and technical communities. Appropriate application of these minerals requires deep understanding of their properties and of the processes where they are involved. This chapter, by providing fundamental definitions and crystal structural and chemical data pertaining to layer silicates, aims to introduce this field to new researchers and technicians, by describing the fundamental features leading to different behaviours of layer silicates in different natural or technical processes. The subject addressed is vast and so the reader is referred in some cases to work already published. The focus here is on layer silicates for which detailed crystal structures are given in the literature and which are likely to be used in an applied way in the future. Layer-silicate minerals fulfilling these requirements are: (1) kaolin-serpentine group (e. g. kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, halloysite, hisingerite, odinite, lizardite, berthierine, amesite, cronstedtite, nepouite, kellyite, fraipontite, brindleyite, guidottiite, bementite, greenalite, caryopilite; minerals of the pyrosmalite series); (2) talc and pyrophyllite groups (e. g. pyrophyllite, ferripyrophyllite, willemseite); (3) mica group (i.e. some recent advances in crystal chemistry and structure of dioctahedral and trioctahedral micas); (4) smectite group (e. g. montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite, sauconite, stevensite, swinefordite); (5) vermiculite group; (6) chlorite group (e. g. trioctahedral chlorite such as clinochlore, di,trioctahedral and dioctahedral chlorites such as cookeite and sudoite); (7) some 2: 1 layer silicates involving a discontinuous octahedral sheet and a modulated tetrahedral sheet such as kalifersite, palygorskite and sepiolite; and (8) imogolite and allophane
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A time- and cost-saving method to check the point-to-point distribution of soil improvers
No full textBackground: In recent times, also in compliance with several sustainable agriculture rules, the use of soil conditioners, such as zeolites, progressively increased. Zeolites are minerals characterized by unique physical-chemical properties, which make them able to control the mobility of water, ammonium and other cations in soils. As zeolites do not exhaust their properties over time, it would be appropriate to check for their correct distribution in the amended soil. Aims: We present an efficient and inexpensive method to measure the point-to-point amount of zeolite spread in the soil through the analysis of a single (i.e., one peak) X-ray powder diffraction signal. Methods: The procedure requires the preparation of a calibration curve using known quantities of non-amended soil, zeolite and of an internal reference standard. The amount of zeolite is calculated by comparing the intensities of the selected signal in unknown sample with its analogue in the calibration curve. Results: The method returned a small underestimation (about 12 weight %) of the measured values compared to those expected which depend nearly exclusively on the valuation of the apparent density of the soil, whereas it is not affected by the type and number of phases present in the soil and in the amendant. Conclusions: The proposed method allows to check for the regular distribution of zeolite in soil, but we are confident that it could also be conveniently generalized to all the applications that require the quantitative determination of mono or polyphasic crystalline materials within a complex mixture like soil
Crystal chemistry of trioctahedral micas in the top sequences of the Colli Albani volcano, Roman Region, central Italy
No full textTrioctahedral mica crystals are frequently found in the volcanoclastic products emplaced during the final stages of the activity of the Colli Albani volcano (Roman Region, central Italy). In the youngest phreatomagmatic deposits, mica is found either as a minor mineral phase in holocrystalline ejecta, scoriae, and coherent pyroclastics, or as loose phenocryst in incoherent pyroclastics. Based on optical and electron microscope investigations, as well as crystal chemical and structural data, the micas selected for this study were divided into two groups, the first one encompassing brownish, Fe-rich crystals (type-A phlogopites, hereafter referred as t-A) with 0.68 < Mg/(Mg + Fetotal) < 0.85 and 0.062 < Tiapfu < 0.199, and the other one encompassing colorless, Mg-rich crystals (type-B phlogopites, hereafter referred as t-B) with Mg/(Mg + Fetotal) in excess of 0.85 and 0.007 < Tiapfu < 0.052. t-A phlogopites also show a tetrahedral ring cavity, overlapped tetrahedral hexagon area, and basal tetrahedron area greater than in the t-B phlogopites.
From a petrological point of view, the textural and chemical variations of t-A phlogopites are compatible with fractional crystallization processes taking place within the magma chamber. t-B phlogopites show evidence of a Ti-oxy substitution mechanism, thus suggesting high fO2 conditions. Textural and paragenetic features observed in t-B phlogopite-bearing rock samples, indicate a genesis by thermal metamorphism of a siliceous dolomitic limestone with the input of a variable amount of a potassic magma, possibly the same from which the t-A phlogopites formed, with the exception of one sample, for which a different parental magma is suggested. Indeed, there is an almost continuous spectrum of crystal-chemical and structural parameters starting from t-B and evolving towards t-A phlogopites. The t-A phlogopites displays complex, apparently meaningless relationships in their crystal-chemical parameters, thus indicating interplay of several substitution mechanisms. They possibly formed in polybaric conditions, since their cell volumes differ, but the total size of the cations hosted in the octahedral sheet is the same
Mantle xenoliths from Nemby, Eastern Paraguay: O-Sr-Nd isotopes, trace elements and crystal chemistry of hosted clinopyroxenes.
No full text- …
