515 research outputs found
Contrôle Dynamique Multicritère des Résultats d'une Chaîne de TAL
No full text@inproceedings{CN-SMI-2006, author = {Grégory SMITS}, booktitle = {Actes de la 13e conférence sur le traitement automatique des langues (TALN06)}, editor = {UCL - Presses universitaires de Louvain}, keywords = {personal publications}, pages = {755-761}, title = {Contrôle Dynamique Multicritère des Résultats d'une Cha{î}ne de TAL}, volume = {2}, year = {2006} }National audienc
Combining Preferences to Control a Natural Language Processing Chain
No full text@inproceedings{AI-SMI-06, author = {Grégory SMITS, Christine CHARDENON}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Multidisciplinary ECAI'06 Workshop on Advances in Preferences Handling}, date-added = {2006-09-08 18:07:05 +0200}, date-modified = {2006-09-08 18:12:33 +0200}, editor = {ITC}, keywords = {personal publications}, pages = {128-134}, title = {Combining Preferences to Control a Natural Language Processing Chain}, year = {2006}, address = {Trento, Italy} }International audienc
Personal Semantic Indexation of Images using Textual Annotations
No full text@inproceedings{CI-SMI-06, author = {Grégory SMITS, Michel PLU, Pascal BELLEC}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the first international Conference on Semantic and Digital Media Technologies (SAMT'06)}, editor = {to appear}, keywords = {personal publications}, title = {Personal Semantic Indexation of Images using Textual Annotations}, address = {Greece}, year = {2006} }International audienc
On successful Legal Transplants in a Future Ius Commune Europaeum
No full textThe success of a transplant is measured by what it achieves, and this for Smits is uniformity. For Smits, the aim is to establish a new private law for Europe and the main role for comparative law is in the supplying of an answer as to how to establish this, which he sees as the main methodological question of European private law. This piece makes the claim that uniformity can be achieved in an organic bottom-up way by the competition of legal rules, transplanting rules through a 'market of legal culture', for which national courts should be responsible. According to Smits success is in organic growth. He challenges those who claim that legal transplants do not lead to uniformity, and assesses the internal and external factors influencing legal transplants. Like Nelken and Orucu, and also Foster and de Cruz, Smits discusses, compares and contrasts the views of Watson, Legrand and Teubner. The author claims that the use of legal transplants is the most promising way to build a European ius commune if national courts are allowed to choose the most suitable rules. However, diversity of law will remain in Europe and any centralist imposition will strangle diversity. This piece also paves the way for van Gerven's contribution.Smits is not so much interested in the process of, or the reason for, transplants, as in their results. He claims that past transplants have been successful and have led to uniform law and the future European ius commune will largely use legal transplants, which will again lead to uniform law. The contribution presents a programmatic approach to European private law and empirical evidence, through the areas of contract and property (trust), of successful legal transplants. Unlike Nelken and Orucu above, Smits' criterion for assessing the success of a transplant is the creation of some degree of uniformity between the laws of the importing and exporting countries. Mixed legal systems, for Smits, present the answer, a 'mix of national mentality and European uniformity'.He tests his ideas through commercial contract law and property law in Europe because transplants were successful, and no uniformity is seen in property law because there is a lack of successful legal transplants in this field. The acceptance of trust-like arrangements in civil law countries in recent years is, according to Smits, one result of the increasing globalization of world trade. This is also shown as an unsuccessful transplant, since the institution of the trust changed while it moved into the civil law countries from its common law environment. Here the reader might also like to consider the contribution by Raffenne. According to Smits, what is important, then, is the environment of the transplanted rule, international or national. He looks at South Africa and suggests that the transplanted law should be seen by the legal elite as suitable to the environment of the importing country.The environment into which the foreign legal rule is imported is the external factor. The internal factors are approached through the concept of 'path dependence'. The socio-economic environment (that is, the external factor) may favour legal transplants, but the type of rules (that is, the internal factor) may prevent the uniform law from materializing and vice versa.In this contribution legal transplantation is seen as the most promising way of establishing a European ius commune and the test of success is seen as uniformity and tension to be resolved by national courts. We must accept that diversity will remain. But is this indeed just as good as uniformity?
On successful Legal Transplants in a Future Ius Commune Europaeum
No full textThe success of a transplant is measured by what it achieves, and this for Smits is uniformity. For Smits, the aim is to establish a new private law for Europe and the main role for comparative law is in the supplying of an answer as to how to establish this, which he sees as the main methodological question of European private law. This piece makes the claim that uniformity can be achieved in an organic bottom-up way by the competition of legal rules, transplanting rules through a 'market of legal culture', for which national courts should be responsible. According to Smits success is in organic growth. He challenges those who claim that legal transplants do not lead to uniformity, and assesses the internal and external factors influencing legal transplants. Like Nelken and Orucu, and also Foster and de Cruz, Smits discusses, compares and contrasts the views of Watson, Legrand and Teubner. The author claims that the use of legal transplants is the most promising way to build a European ius commune if national courts are allowed to choose the most suitable rules. However, diversity of law will remain in Europe and any centralist imposition will strangle diversity. This piece also paves the way for van Gerven's contribution.Smits is not so much interested in the process of, or the reason for, transplants, as in their results. He claims that past transplants have been successful and have led to uniform law and the future European ius commune will largely use legal transplants, which will again lead to uniform law. The contribution presents a programmatic approach to European private law and empirical evidence, through the areas of contract and property (trust), of successful legal transplants. Unlike Nelken and Orucu above, Smits' criterion for assessing the success of a transplant is the creation of some degree of uniformity between the laws of the importing and exporting countries. Mixed legal systems, for Smits, present the answer, a 'mix of national mentality and European uniformity'.He tests his ideas through commercial contract law and property law in Europe because transplants were successful, and no uniformity is seen in property law because there is a lack of successful legal transplants in this field. The acceptance of trust-like arrangements in civil law countries in recent years is, according to Smits, one result of the increasing globalization of world trade. This is also shown as an unsuccessful transplant, since the institution of the trust changed while it moved into the civil law countries from its common law environment. Here the reader might also like to consider the contribution by Raffenne. According to Smits, what is important, then, is the environment of the transplanted rule, international or national. He looks at South Africa and suggests that the transplanted law should be seen by the legal elite as suitable to the environment of the importing country.The environment into which the foreign legal rule is imported is the external factor. The internal factors are approached through the concept of 'path dependence'. The socio-economic environment (that is, the external factor) may favour legal transplants, but the type of rules (that is, the internal factor) may prevent the uniform law from materializing and vice versa.In this contribution legal transplantation is seen as the most promising way of establishing a European ius commune and the test of success is seen as uniformity and tension to be resolved by national courts. We must accept that diversity will remain. But is this indeed just as good as uniformity?
High pressure phase behavior of binary water - light organic and ternary water – light organic - salt systems: A literature review, and a theoretical treatment of the salt effect
No full textIn order to develop Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) processes for the destruction of ChloroFluoroCarbohydrates (CFC's), more experimental data on the phase behavior of water-CFC and water-CFC-salt systems is needed. First a general review is given of high pressure phase equilibria, according to the classification of van Konynenburg and Scott. A general description of waterhydrocarbon mixtures will follow that. Since no data were found on water-CFC and water-CFC-salt systems at near critical conditions of water, the attention was focused on water-organic and waterorganic-salt systems with light organic compounds. For this purpose the phase behavior of binary water mixtures of methane, ethane and carbon dioxide are investigated at near critical conditions. For these binary systems the location of the critical curve is described, as well as other characteristic aspects of these systems. The location of the three phase curve and the upper critical endpoint are also discussed, for the mixtures containing ethane and carbon dioxide. In the water-methane system no three phase curve, and consequently no upper critical endpoint, are present. The phase behavior of ternary water mixtures with methane and sodium chloride, methane and calcium chloride, ethane and sodium chloride, and carbon dioxide and sodium chloride are discussed. For these ternary systems the effect of salt on the resulting phase behavior is described. Finally an extensive treatment of the salt effect is given.Applied SciencesChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceApplied Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibri
Changing role of Hispanic women
No full textExecutive producer, Radamés Soto, Richard Perin ; producer, Francisco Ramirez ; writer, Jerry Scmetterer. Hosts, Jimmy Smits, Hector Elizondo. Videographer, Tony Cacciavillani ; editor, Aleida Sandoval ; music, John Bickerton.In this program, several prominent Latina women, including author Isabel Allende and actress Jennifer Lopez, discuss their changing role within the context of Hispanic family values, male machismo, and the traditional role of females as the center of family and community life. Also examines the issue from the male perspective. Originally broadcast in 1995 as a segment from the television program: Hispanic Americans : the new frontier
High pressure fluid phase behavior of the systems CF4 - H2O and CF4 - H2O - NaCl
No full textSupercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) is a highly efficient method to destruct all kinds of toxic wastes, such as explosives and freons. Destruction efficiencies of 99.9 % can be reached. In order to study model systems for SCWO processes, high pressure phase equilibria of CF 4 - H2O and CF 4 - H2O - NaCl mixtures have been measured in the pressure range from 20 to 200 MPa and in the temperature range from 580 to 673 K. The measurements were performed in a high-pressure autoclave with sapphire windows and magnetic stirring, with visual observation of the bubble point...Applied SciencesChemical EngineeringApplied Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibri
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bridge Design in the Netherlands: Architectural Challenges toward Innovative, Sustainable, and Durable Bridges
No full textThis paper reviews the use of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) in architectural and structural bridge design in the Netherlands. The challenges and opportunities of this relatively new material, both for the architect and the engineer, are discussed. An inventory of recent structural solutions in FRP is included, followed by a discussion on architectural FRP applications derived from the architectural practice of the author and of other pioneers
Digital Distraction Barrier Design: Using Lean startup to develop an app that creates intentional friction to create conscious phone usage
No full textSmartphones have revolutionized the way we live, giving us instant access to countless tools and apps (replacing dozens of single-function products), and this has made us more and more dependent on them. But there is another side, they are taking a heavy toll on our time and attention. Unpluq is a startup that aims to help people reclaim their time and attention from their smartphones and improve people's digital wellbeing. It was started by Jorn Rigter and Tim Smits (author of this graduation project). Unpluq’s first product is a physical key that users need to plug into their phone to access distracting apps. This physical distraction barrier changes using distracting apps from a mindless habit into a conscious choice. While the key acts as a successful hardware-based barrier, it is also a limiting factor in the growth of Unpluq, because of distribution and scaling. To overcome these problems this graduation project explores the development of a new software-only version of Unpluq as this opens up easy online distribution.Smartphones have taken over control of our time and attention. It details how social media is hacking our primal brain because the business model behind the attention economy is driven to optimize for engagement, their advanced algorithms are designed to keep users scrolling. The reality is that the majority of the population has become addicted to their smartphone, with screen time reaching a 6-hour average each day in 2022. This leads to negative side effects like decreased mental wellbeing, attention span, self-reported life satisfaction, sleep quality, personal connection, productivity and more.The project then shows the consumers' need for digital wellbeing and how thisneed can be addressed through the use of tools that leverage behavioural change theories through interaction design. It explores how through the “rational override” behavioural theory it is possible to break the normal flow of smartphone usage, prompting the user to reflect and take conscious action.Although 82% of people aspire to reduce their screen time, they’re struggling to do so. The built-in screen time features are too easy to circumvent, don’t change habits and miss a balance between giving up and having control.From all the gathered quantitive and qualitative research, the graduation project establishes a list of principles of “interaction design for digital wellbeing”. The principles aim to guide interaction designers on designing for healthy digital behaviour by making users conscious, providing tools, setting intentions and finding the right balance between restoration and access to digital distractions. The design process is further guided by the insights from the research phase and follows an iterative process called the “Lean startup method” in which the designer goes through 7 Build /Measure / Learn cycles.The main concept of the app is based on 6 distraction barriers (shaking your phone, tapping buttons and more), which have been carefully designed to find a balance between blocking access to digital distractions, while still allowing access with the right amount of conscious effort. The barriers work in combination with schedules, which let users select what apps are distracting at what time. To access the app within this time frame the user has to go through the “distraction barrier”. The distraction barrier acts as the rational override and helps the user to make a conscious choice: “Is this time well spent?”. The distraction barriers integrate theprinciples of interaction design for digital wellbeing. It helps the user to make a conscious decision, balances restricting access and control and nudging towards healthier digital behaviour. The app also will include other features that are based on the principles like setting intentions, showing average screen time, time saved by unpluq, nudging notifications and suggested distracting apps.In this graduation project, it has been established that digital wellbeing tools are necessary for overall human wellbeing as we increasingly spend our time in digital environments. Products like Unpluq can help people to improve their digital wellbeing and feel in control of their devices, making sure their time is well spent. This trend will continue to grow over the coming years, when the next major personal computer innovations like VR and AR become mainstream the necessity for digital well-being will only grow.Design for Interactio
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