1,720,982 research outputs found
Assessing the impact of public venture capital programmes in the United Kingdom: Do regional characteristics matter?
No full textThis article analyses whether and how the impact of publicly backed venture capital (VC) funds varies across regions, depending on their level of innovation intensity and in comparison with private VC funds. Building on agency and human capital theories, the authors distinguish public VC funds into regional and governmental types, to assess potential differences in the performance of their portfolio companies. The analyses rely on a sample of 628 VC-backed companies in the United Kingdom during 1998–2007, and they con!rm that regional characteristics matter for rigorous assessments of the effectiveness of public VC programmes
L'uso delle tecnologie digitali da parte di imprenditori e innovatori sociali: potenzialità e limiti
No full textLo scopo di questo saggio è di discutere le ricerche recenti sull’uso delle tecnologie digitali da parte di imprenditori e innovatori sociali, analizzandone limiti e potenzialità, e di offrire spunti di ricerca futura. In particolare, abbiamo distinto due tipi di utilizzo delle tecnologie digitali da parte di imprenditori e innovatori sociali. In primo luogo, si discute l’uso delle tecnologie digitali come strumenti per creare impatto sociale in tre aree specifiche relative all’inclusione sociale ed economica, salute e benessere, e impegno civico. Si prosegue poi discutendo l’uso delle tecnologie digitali come strumenti per migliorare ed efficientare le operazioni, per esempio nell’ambito del reperimento delle risorse e in tema di accountability. Infine, si indicano spunti di ricerca futura che si ritiene rilevanti al fine di avanzare la conoscenza sulle potenzialità e limiti delle tecnologie negli ambiti della imprenditorialità e innovazione sociale
Job positions in entrepreneurial founding teams. The role of gender
No full textEntrepreneurship scholars have proved that gender does matter (Jennings and Brush, 2013). Our paper has two aims. First, we assess whether characteristics of founders (i.e., previous work expertise, age, educational background) and contextual factors (i.e., discipline of competence, year of inception) predict the formation of entrepreneurial teams with a predominance (or not) of female entrepreneurs. Second, we analyze the internal structure of entrepreneurial teams, in terms of job positions by women entrepreneurs in order to assess the presence of a gender bias in the allocation of female roles within ETs
Exploring socio-economic externalities of development scenarios. An analysis of EU regions from 2008 to 2016
Full text linkA great debate around development scenarios has come to define conversations around the economy and the environment, two dimensions that struggle to find a proper balance. In this paper we apply unconditional growth model analyses to a new and unique dataset of European regions between 2008 and 2016 and identify four development scenarios – green growth, green de-growth, black growth and black de-growth – characterized by different relationships between CO2 emissions and economic growth. We then map European regions across these four scenarios and describe the differences that occurred among regions in terms of socio-economic externalities, mainly competences, investments and well-being. Drawing on our analyses, we contribute to the debate on development scenarios and ecological macro-economics, as well as discuss implications for sustainability policy and research
Mission, governance, and accountability of Benefit Corporations: towards a commitment device for achieving commercial and social goals
Full text linkBenefit corporations (BCs) are profit-with-purpose organizations regulated by a legal framework for establishing explicit commitments in terms of multi-stakeholder governance and accountability structures. We comprehensively analyze the theoretical alignment of four concepts (ownership, mission, governance, and accountability) to explain the legal rationale for BCs’ unique corporate form. However, the boundaries of BC legislation are blurry, leaving them open to top-down governance arrangements and weak accountability. To explore this ambiguity, this paper investigates whether BCs implement a de facto (i.e., beyond the letter of the law) multi-stakeholder structure with governance models and downward accountability mechanisms that balance different stakeholders’ interests, instead of focusing only on shareholder profits. This further highlight the soft boundaries imposed by the BC regulatory framework and suggests that more work is needed to explore the relationship between governance models that differently balance stakeholders’ claims and the firm’s social performance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A new take on the categorical imperative: Gatekeeping, boundary maintenance, and evaluation penalties in science
Full text linkExtant theory suggests that candidates with an unfocused identity – those spanning different categories - suffer from a valuation penalty because evaluators are confused by their profile, and concerned they lack the required skills. We argue that unfocused candidates may be penalized for another reason: they threaten established social boundaries. This happens in contexts where evaluators act as gatekeepers for social entities such as professions. We test how the penalty applied to unfocused candidates varies in an academic accreditation process, a setting where evaluators decide on admitting candidates to an academic discipline and where candidates’ prior performance is observable. We find, using data on the 2012 national scientific qualification in Italian academia, that the valuation penalty applied to unfocused (multi-disciplinary) candidates was most pronounced for the most high-performing candidates. High-performing yet ill-fitting candidates threaten the distinctiveness and knowledge domain of the discipline and are hence penalized by evaluators. High-performing multidisciplinary candidates suffered the greatest penalty in small and distinctive academic disciplines and when accreditors were highly typical members of their discipline. Our theory and findings suggest that the categorical imperative may not only be driven by cognitive or capability considerations, as typically argued in the literature, but also by attempts to maintain social boundaries
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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