92 research outputs found
APPRENDIMENTO DI AMBIENTE E NAVIGAZIONE: QUANDO IL GENERE, LE ABILITÀ E LE CREDENZE SPAZIALI SONO IMPORTANTI
No full textApprendere gli ambienti e navigare sono aspetti molto importanti per il nostro funzionamento nella vita di tutti i giorni. Tuttavia, le persone differiscono molto nell’abilità di apprendere gli ambienti e diversi fattori individuali come il genere e le abilità visuospaziali possono entrare in gioco. Tra i fattori individuali spaziali le credenze relative alle proprie abilità spaziali sono state scarsamente studiate empiricamente. La presente tesi, pertanto, si pone l’obiettivo di i) comprendere il ruolo delle credenze associate alle abilità spaziali ovvero autoefficacia spaziale, il growth mindset e lo stereotipo di genere nel supportare l’apprendimento di ambienti ed i comportamenti di navigazione, ii) studiare il ruolo del genere nell’apprendimento di ambienti, comportamenti di navigazione e credenze associate alle abilità spaziali. In particolare, lo Studio 1 ha indagato la relazione tra genere, autoefficacia spaziale, abilità visuospaziali e apprendimento di un ambiente virtuale e successivo ricordo. mostrando che le donne riferiscono minore autoefficacia in compiti spaziali e questa credenza (insieme alle abilità visuospaziali) spiega in parte le differenze di genere nella prestazione di ricordo di un ambiente virtuale. Lo Studio 2 ha indagato l’effetto di un feedback relativo a compiti visuospaziali sull’apprendimento di un ambiente virtuale e successivo ricordo. La ricerca ha mostrato che ricevere un feedback dopo compiti visuospaziali è relato a migliore autoefficacia percepita prima di svolgere compiti di apprendimento e ricordo dell’ambiente e a sua volta quest’ultima è associata a migliore prestazione in compiti di ricordo dell’ambiente. Lo Studio 3 approfondisce la relazione tra autoefficacia spaziale, growth mindset e stereotipo di genere nei comportamenti di navigazione (ovvero la tendenza ad esplorare l’ambiente e l’uso del GPS). I risultati mostrano che le credenze di growth mindset e stereotipo di genere sono associati ai comportamenti di navigazione indirettamente attraverso l’autoefficacia spaziale. Inoltre, uomini e donne differiscono nei comportamenti di navigazione messi in atto durante la navigazione. Infine, lo Studio 4 ha indagato la relazione tra credenze relative alle abilità spaziali e la prestazione in compiti di ricordo di un ambiente utilizzando una recente classificazione della conoscenza spaziale. Risultati hanno mostrato che autoefficacia percepita prima dei compiti interagisce con lo stereotipo di genere e precedenti successi in situazioni spaziali nel predire compiti di apprendimento spaziale. Complessivamente, i risultati degli studi fanno luce sull’importanza delle credenze sulle abilità spaziali nell’apprendimento di ambienti e nei comportamenti di navigazione in uomini e donne. Inoltre, questi risultati suggeriscono che le credenze sulle abilità spaziali potrebbero spiegare le differenze di genere in compiti di apprendimento e ricordo dell’ambiente.Environment learning and navigation ability are particularly important aspects of how people function in everyday life. However, people differ greatly in their abilities to learn environments, and different individual factors such as gender and visuospatial abilities may come into play. Of the individual spatial factors, beliefs about one’s spatial abilities have scarcely been studied empirically. This thesis, therefore, aimed to (a) understand the role of beliefs about spatial abilities—that is, spatial self-efficacy, the growth mindset, and gender stereotypes—in supporting environment learning and navigation behaviors and (b) study the roles of gender in environment learning, navigation behaviors, and beliefs about spatial abilities. Specifically, Study 1 investigated the relationships between gender, spatial self-efficacy, visuospatial skills, and spatial recall performance after participants learned a virtual environment, showing that women reported lower self-efficacy in spatial tasks, and this belief (along with visuospatial abilities) partially explained the gender differences in spatial recall performance. Study 2 investigated the effect of feedback related to visuospatial tasks on recall performance after participants learned a virtual environment. The research showed that receiving feedback after completing visuospatial tasks was related to better perceived self-efficacy before performing spatial recall tasks and, in turn, the latter was associated with better performance in spatial recall tasks. Study 3 investigated the relationships between spatial self-efficacy, the growth mindset, and gender stereotypes in navigation behaviors (i.e., exploration tendency and the use of GPS). The results showed that growth mindset and gender stereotype beliefs were associated with navigation behaviors indirectly through spatial self-efficacy. In addition, men and women differed in navigation behaviors enacted during navigation. Finally, Study 4 used a recent classification of spatial knowledge to investigate the relationship between different beliefs about spatial abilities and recall performance after participants learned a virtual environment. The results showed that perceived task-specific self-efficacy interacted with gender stereotypes and previous success in spatial situations in predicting recall performance. Overall, the results of the studies shed light on the importance of beliefs about spatial abilities in environment learning and navigational behaviors in men and women. In addition, these results suggest that beliefs about spatial abilities might explain gender differences in environment learning and its recall
Perceived restorativeness and environment quality in relation to well-being, residential satisfaction, and sense of community: an analysis in Northeast Italy
No full textIntroduction: Residential satisfaction consists of pleasure derived from living in a place according to one’s needs, expectations, and outcomes. The present study examines the role of sociodemographic variables, perceived residential quality indicators, and restorativeness in predicting i) well-being, ii) residential satisfaction, and iii) sense of communities in northeast Italy. Methods: A total of 100 residents (47 women) in various cities in northeast Italy and 211 (112 women) residents in Piazzola sul Brenta (PD) took part in two studies. They answered demographic questions about self-reported restorativeness, residential environment quality, residential satisfaction, mental well-being, and sense of community. Results: After accounting for age, gender, and income, the results showed that perceived restorativeness enhances sense of community in the Northeast and Piazzola sul Brenta samples and predicts psychological well-being and residential satisfaction in Piazzola sul Brenta. Architectural and functional aspects contribute, respectively, to residential satisfaction and sense of community in both samples, and functional factors predict residential satisfaction for the Northeast sample. Place attachment plays a positive role in residential satisfaction and sense of community in the Northeast and Piazzola sul Brenta. Discussion: The study reveals a link between perceived restorativeness and residential satisfaction and well-being, providing insight for professionals and policy to improve urban quality
The semantics behind the reanalysis of French articles in French-based creoles
No full textMost French-based creoles have a number of nouns that have originated from the reanalysis of the French
noun phrase [article + noun] into a new monomorphemic lexeme, where the former article is agglutinated
to the noun; for instance French la plage > Haitian Creole laplaj ‘beach’.
The present paper proposes to link the agglutination of the article in creoles to nouns that exhibit a low
prototypical profile and claims that their meaning matches peculiar semantic types according to a criterion
which resembles the functioning of noun classes in other languages, where the agglutinated article works
as a classifier. It is argued that most French nouns reanalysed as agglutinated in creoles are associated with
a semantic profile to which natural languages allow reference on a different conceptual basis than that
required for an object (Carlson 1977), and this triggers a morphological marking (alternation) when the
context entails reference to an object
Review of Pizzoli (2018): La politica linguistica in Italia. Dall’unificazione nazionale al dibattito sull’internazionalizzazione
No full textLa politica linguistica in Italia aims to describe language policies in Italy from the
birth of the Italian nation-state to issues arising from the ongoing processes of
globalization and internationalization. Its author, Lucilla Pizzoli, is a historian of
the Italian language and a collaborator of the Società Dante Alighieri for the promotion
of Italian language abroad. Her previous studies concerning language policy
and planning (LPP) (see e.g. Pizzoli 2007 and 2012) have now been expanded
into a book
The relationship between sleep quality and quality of life in aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textThis study examined the available literature concerning the association between sleep quality and quality of life (QoL) in autonomous older people with no sleep disorders. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on studies identified in the PsycInfo, PubMed and Scopus databases that examined the associations between QoL and sleep quality in older adults. Our systematic literature search identified 23 studies concerning a total of 21,092 participants (range of mean ages: 58–79 years). The results showed that self-reported sleep quality, but not objective sleep quality, correlated positively with QoL with a moderate effect size (for self-reported sleep quality, the overall estimate of the average effect size was a Pearson’s r =.28 [95% CI:.34,.23]; for objective sleep quality, it was r =.01 [.12, −.09]). This also applied to the main domains of QoL concerning physical and psychological health, social relationships and environmental aspects (the estimated average effect sizes ranged from Pearson’s r =.13 to r =.35). These findings highlight the influence of sleep quality, and particularly of self-reported sleep quality, on QoL (as a whole and in its specific domains) in older adults with normal aging and no insomnia. This influence should therefore be investigated systematically when examining QoL
Orientation behavior in men and women: The relationship between gender stereotype, growth mindset, and spatial self-efficacy
No full textPeople’s beliefs about their navigation ability could be important for their navigation performance. This
correlational study aimed to investigate how growth mindset, gender stereotype, and spatial self-efficacy are
related to orientation behaviors (use of GPS and exploration tendency). Moreover, we investigated gender differences in beliefs and orientation behaviors. A sample of 609 participants (329 women) completed self-reported
measures assessing their mindset, gender stereotype, spatial self-efficacy, sense of direction, and orientation
behaviors. The structural equation models show that a growth mindset and gender stereotype are related to
exploration tendency and GPS use through the mediation of spatial self-efficacy in both men and women.
Concerning gender stereotype a different pattern of correlation emerged in men and women. Moreover, significant differences in favor of men emerged in self-efficacy, sense of direction, and orientation behaviors. Overall,
these findings support the conviction that men and women’s beliefs about their spatial abilities are related to the
ways they behave in the environmen
The semantics behind the French article-agglutinated nouns in French-based Creoles
No full textMost French-based Creoles have a number of nouns that have originated from the reanalysis of the French noun phrase [article + noun] into a new monomorphemic lexeme, where the former article is agglutinated to the noun; for instance French la plage > Haitian Creole laplaj ‘beach’ ; Fr. de l’eau > Seychelles Creole dilo ‘water’.
The existing research on the topic has dealt mainly with the phonological and morphological aspects of the reanalysis during acquisition, but the lexical-semantic side is still under-researched, at present only mentioned in the debate about the substratic hypothesis and in Zribi-Hertz (2014)’s work.
This paper proposes to link the agglutination of the article in creoles to nouns that exhibit a low prototypical profile and claims that their meaning matches peculiar semantic types according to a criterion that resembles the functioning of noun classes in other languages, where the agglutinated article works as a classifier. Based on the notion of prototypicality of a noun (Hengeveld 1992), it is argued that most French nouns reanalyzed as agglutinated in creoles are associated with a semantic profile to which natural languages allow reference on a different conceptual basis than that required for an object (Carlson 1977), and this triggers a morphological marking (alternation) when the context entails reference to an object.
Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean French-based creoles data are taken into account, collected from existing lexical sources (dictionaries and lexicons) and descriptive literature; in addition, a corpus for minority languages, the An Crúbádan corpus, is consulted for Seychelles Creole, Reunion Creole and Haitian Creole in order to provide information about numbers and distribution of the article agglutination
Exploring the Relationship Between Restorativeness, Environmental Risk Perception, and Well-Being: The Case Study of Piazzola sul Brenta
No full textUrban environments in Northeastern Italy, both natural and historical, are exposed to urbanization, climate change, and environmental risks that can impact perceptions of environmental quality and sustainability. However, the relationship between the perceived environmental risks, the related emotions, and the quality of urban living and well-being remains underexplored. The present study, therefore, aims to investigate the link between the perceived risk of adverse events and the emotion felt about the possibility of damage to historically and economically valuable sites, as well as the residents’ restorativeness, well-being, residential satisfaction, and sense of community. Participants completed online questionnaires addressing the following variables: perceived risk of environmental events; emotions of possible damage; restorativeness; well-being; residential satisfaction; and sense of community. The results showed negative relationships between perceived risk and residential satisfaction, well-being and restorativeness, but positive relationships between negative emotions of losing places of economic value and residential satisfaction, sense of community, and restorativeness. The findings highlight the role of emotions and restorativeness with well-being and satisfaction in residents of Piazzola sul Brenta (Italy)
Ĉu tipologiaj ŝanĝoj en Esperanto?
No full textIn this paper, typological changes that took place, or are taking place, in
Esperanto are discussed for the first time. Two varieties, namely, the one used by Esperanto’s planner Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof and the other one used in modern and contemporary Esperantist magazines are put in comparison. Three different case studies are discussed: the order of adjective and noun in the noun phrase; the order of verb and manner adverbs in the verb phrase; the usage of prenominal participial relative clauses vs the usage of the (post-nominal) relative pronoun strategy. The analysis is based on corpus-driven data, drawn from the existing literature on the topic and from corpus queries carried out by the author. Results show evidence of some changes in the typological shape of Esperanto. The reason behind these changes is also investigated; most notably, influences of English and speakers’ mother tongues, as well as natural typological drift, cannot be called into question, as far as syntactic changes are concerned.
On the other hand, it seems reasonable to think that changes involving morphology – at least to some extent – are due to the tendency of Esperanto speakers to reduce the number of words and of morphemes in their sentences, fully exploiting the agglutinative morphology of the language
Exploring the Relationship Between Restorativeness, Environmental Risk Perception, and Well-Being: The Case Study of Piazzola sul Brenta
No full textUrban environments in Northeastern Italy, both natural and historical, are exposed to urbanization, climate change, and environmental risks that can impact perceptions of environmental quality and sustainability. However, the relationship between the perceived environmental risks, the related emotions, and the quality of urban living and well-being remains underexplored. The present study, therefore, aims to investigate the link between the perceived risk of adverse events and the emotion felt about the possibility of damage to historically and economically valuable sites, as well as the residents’ restorativeness, well-being, residential satisfaction, and sense of community. Participants completed online questionnaires addressing the following variables: perceived risk of environmental events; emotions of possible damage; restorativeness; well-being; residential satisfaction; and sense of community. The results showed negative relationships between perceived risk and residential satisfaction, well-being and restorativeness, but positive relationships between negative emotions of losing places of economic value and residential satisfaction, sense of community, and restorativeness. The findings highlight the role of emotions and restorativeness with well-being and satisfaction in residents of Piazzola sul Brenta (Italy)
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