51 research outputs found
Preferencias alimentarias y comportamientos alimentarios en niños, niñas y adolescentes de 4 a 18 años con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista (TEA)
No full textFil: Benuzzi, Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentina.Fil: Pesarini, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentina.Una adecuada selección alimentaria en niños, niñas y adolescentes es
indispensable para un adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo. Los niños con TEA presentan
comportamientos alimentarios, principalmente selectividad alimentaria. Objetivo: Analizar las
Preferencias y Comportamientos Alimentarios de niños, niñas y adolescentes de 4 a 18 años con
diagnóstico de Trastorno del Espectro Autista del departamento de Colón de la provincia de
Córdoba y la localidad Santa Rosa de la provincia de La Pampa, en el año 2021.Metodología:
Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico, intencional o por
conveniencia, aplicando la técnica de bola de nieve. Para el análisis de datos se aplicó
estadística descriptiva, utilizando tablas de frecuencias gráficos de barras y torta y medidas
resumen. Se utilizó el software Spss. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 34 sujetos.
El 83% fue de sexo masculino y las edades estuvieron comprendidas entre los 5 y 18 años. Los
grupos de alimentos de mayor preferencia fueron alimentos grasos y dulces (M 3,84), lácteos (M
3,54), carnes y huevos(M 3,25), frutas(M 2,95) y los de menor preferencia vegetales, cereales y
legumbres. El comportamiento alimentario más predominante fue la selectividad alimentaria
determinada según textura y sabor de los alimentos. Conclusiones: Los niños/as y adolescentes
con TEA presentan selectividad alimentaria vinculada a caracteres organolépticos de los
alimentos, con una alta preferencia por alimentos de alta densidad energética y baja preferencia vegetales, legumbres y cereales.Fil: Benuzzi, Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentina.Fil: Pesarini, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentina
Recognition of emotions from faces and voices in medial temporal lobe epilepsy
No full textPatients with chronic medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) can be impaired in different tasks that evaluate emotional or social abilities. In particular, the recognition of facial emotions can be affected (Meletti S, Benuzzi F, Rubboli G, et al. Neurology 2003;60:426-31. Meletti S, Benuzzi F, Cantalupo G, Rubboli G, Tassinari CA, Nichelli P. Epilepsia 2009;50:1547-59). To better understand the nature of emotion recognition deficits in MTLE we investigated the decoding of basic emotions in the visual (facial expression) and auditory (emotional prosody) domains in 41 patients. Results showed deficits in the recognition of both facial and vocal expression of emotions, with a strong correlation between performances across the two tasks. No correlation between emotion recognition and measures of IQ, quality of life (QOLIE-31), and depression (Beck Depression Inventory) was significant, except for a weak correlation between prosody recognition and IQ. These data suggest that emotion recognition impairment in MTLE is not dependent on the sensory channel through which the emotional stimulus is transmitted. Moreover, these findings support the notion that emotional processing is at least partly independent of measures of cognitive intelligence
Generalized spike-and-wave discharges offset is related to precuneal-posterior cingulate activity.
No full textIntroduction: Recent EEG-fMRI studies revealed that a widespread neural network subserves the generation of ictal and interictal activity in patients with generalized epilepsy (1-4). Different studies investigated the hemodynamic changes related to the onset and duration of generalized spike-and-wave discharges (GSWD) in human epilepsy. Conversely, the BOLD signal changes related to GSWD termination has not been addressed to date. Few studies have focused the mechanisms that promote seizures stop at molecular and cellular level (6). In particular, a recent single neuron recording study in human focal epilepsy (7) revealed that neuronal firing patterns change homogeneously at seizure offset suggesting that seizure termination is marked by an abrupt homogeneous change in neuronal firing. These data support a mechanism that acts at the neural network level.
The present EEG-fMRI study aimed at evaluating the neural correlates of seizure termination studying the BOLD variations at GSWD offset in a large sample of patients with Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).
Materials and methods: eighteen patients (6 male; mean age 25 yrs.) with IGE were included. Scalp EEG was recorded by means of a 32 channels MRI-compatible EEG recording system. Functional data were acquired with a 3T Philips Intera System (TR=3000 ms) from 30 axial contiguous 4 mm slices (64 x 64 matrix) over two-three 10-min sessions per patient with continuous simultaneous video-EEG recording. Event-related analysis was performed with SPM8 software, using the following regressors: (1) GSWD onset and duration; (2) GSWD offset. Data were analyzed at a second level random effect analysis.
Results: a mean of 17 events for each patient was recorded (mean duration= 4 s). Second-level random effect analysis related to onset and GSWD length confirmed previous findings (5) revealing a thalamus activation and a parietal and precuneus-posterior cingulate deactivation. GSWD onset respect to the offset showed BOLD increases in the prefrontal regions (inferior and middle frontal gyrus) mostly on the left side and in the bilateral primary visual cortex. Conversely, GSWD offset respect to the onset revealed significant hemodynamic changes over the precuneus-posterior cingulate region (Fig. 1).
Conclusions: fMRI results showed that the neural network at GSWD termination involved precuneus-posterior cingulate region. These findings confirm an important role of this brain region in GSWD pathophysiology. Particularly, precuneal/posterior cingulate neuronal activity might participate actively to the GSWD termination or it might reflect the recovery of the awareness impaired during the pathological activity.
BIBLIOGRAFY
1) Gotman J, Grova C, Bagshaw A, Kobayashi E, Aghakhani Y, Dubeau F. (2005) Generalized epileptic discharges show thalamocortical activation and suspension of the default state of the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, vol. 102, pp. 15236–15240.
2) Moeller F, Siebner HR, Wolff S, Muhle H, Boor R, Granert O, Jansen O, Stephani U, Siniatchkin M. (2008) Changes in activity of striato-thalamo- cortical network precede generalized spike wave discharges. Neuroimage vol. 39, pp. 1839–1849.
3) Vaudano AE, Laufs H, Kiebel SJ, Carmichael DW, Hamandi K, Guye M, Thornton R, Rodionov R, Friston KJ, Duncan JS, Lemieux L. (2009) Causal hierarchy within the thalamo-cortical network in spike and wave discharges. PLoS ONE vol. 4:e6475.
4) Carney PW, Masterton RA, Harvey AS, Scheffer IE, Berkovic SF, Jackson GD. (2010) The core network in absence epilepsy. Differences in cortical and thalamic BOLD response. Neurology vol. 75, pp. 904–911.
5) Benuzzi F, Mirandola L, Pugnaghi M, Farinelli V, Tassinari CA, Capovilla G, Cantalupo G, Beccaria F, Nichelli P, Meletti S (2012). Increased cortical BOLD signal anticipates generalized spike and wave discharges in adolescents and adults with idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Epilepsia, vol. 53(4), pp. 622-30.
6) Fred A. Lado, Solomon L. Moshé (2008). How do seizures stop? Epilepsia, vol. 49 (10), pp. 1651–1664.
7) Wilson Truccolo,Jacob A Donoghue,Leigh R Hochberg, Emad N Eskandar, Joseph R Madsen, William S Anderson, Emery N Brown, Eric Halgren, Sydney S Cash (2011). Single-neuron dynamics in human focal epilepsy, Nature Neuroscience,vol. 14 (5), pp. 635-641
Causality within the epileptic network: an EEG-fMRI study validated by intracranial EEG.
No full textAccurate localization of the Seizure Onset Zone (SOZ) is crucial in patients with drug-resistance focal epilepsy. EEG with fMRI recording (EEG-fMRI) has been proposed as a complementary non-invasive tool, which can give useful additional information in the pre-surgical workup. However, fMRI maps related to interictal epileptiform activities (IED) often show multiple regions of signal change, or networks, rather than highly focal ones. Effective connectivity approaches like Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) applied to fMRI data potentially offers a framework to address which brain regions drives the generation of seizures and IED within an epileptic network. Here we present a first attempt to validate DCM on EEG-fMRI data in one patient affected by frontal lobe epilepsy. Pre-surgical EEG-fMRI demonstrated two distinct clusters of BOLD signal increases linked to IED, one located in the left frontal pole and the other in the ipsilateral dorso-lateral frontal cortex. DCM of the IED-related BOLD signal favoured a model corresponding to the left dorsolateral frontal cortex as driver of changes in the fronto-polar region. The validity of DCM was supported by: (a) the results of two different non-invasive analysis obtained on the same dataset: EEG source imaging (ESI), and psychophysiological interaction analysis (PPI); (b) the failure of a first surgical intervention limited to the fronto-polar region; (c) the results of the intracranial EEG monitoring performed after the first surgical intervention confirming a SOZ located over the dorso-lateral frontal cortex. These results add evidence that EEG-fMRI together with advanced methods of BOLD signal analysis is a promising tool that can give relevant information within the epilepsy surgery diagnostic work-up
An EEG-fMRI Study on the Termination of Generalized Spike-And-Wave Discharges in Absence Epilepsy
No full textINTRODUCTION: Different studies have investigated by means of EEG-fMRI coregistration the brain networks related to generalized spike-and-wave discharges (GSWD) in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). These studies revealed a widespread GSWD-related neural network that involves the thalamus and regions of the default mode network. In this study we investigated which brain regions are critically involved in the termination of absence seizures (AS) in a group of IGE patients.
METHODS: Eighteen patients (6 male; mean age 25 years) with AS were included in the EEG-fMRI study. Functional data were acquired at 3T with continuous simultaneous video-EEG recording. Event-related analysis was performed with SPM8 software, using the following regressors: (1) GSWD onset and duration; (2) GSWD offset. Data were analyzed at single-subject and at group level with a second level random effect analysis.
RESULTS: A mean of 17 events for patient was recorded (mean duration of 4.2 sec). Group-level analysis related to GSWD onset respect to rest confirmed previous findings revealing thalamic activation and a precuneus/posterior cingulate deactivation. At GSWD termination we observed a decrease in BOLD signal over the bilateral dorsolateral frontal cortex respect to the baseline (and respect to GSWD onset). The contrast GSWD offset versus onset showed a BOLD signal increase over the precuneus-posterior cingulate region bilaterally. Parametric correlations between electro-clinical variables and BOLD signal at GSWD offset did not reveal significant effects.
CONCLUSION: The role of the decreased neural activity of lateral prefrontal cortex at GSWD termination deserve future investigations to ascertain if it has a role in promoting the discharge offset, as well as in the determination of the cognitive deficits often present in patients with AS. The increased BOLD signal at precuneal/posterior cingulate cortex might reflect the recovery of neural activity in regions that are "suspended" during spike and waves activity, as previously hypothesized
Increased cortical BOLD signal anticipates generalized spike and wave discharges in adolescents and adults with idiopathic generalized epilepsies.
No full textPurpose: Electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) coregistration has recently revealed that several brain structures are involved in generalized spike and wave discharges (GSWDs) in idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs). In particular, deactivations and activations have been observed within the so-called brain default mode network (DMN) and thalamus, respectively. In the present study we analyzed the dynamic time course of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) changes preceding and following 3 Hz GSWDs in a group of adolescent and adult patients with IGE who presented with absence seizures (AS). Our aim was to evaluate cortical BOLD changes before, during, and after GSWD onset. Methods: Twenty-one patients with IGE underwent EEG-fMRI coregistration. EEG-related analyses were run both at the single-subject and at group level (random effect). The time-course analysis was conducted for 3 s time windows before, during, and after GSWDs, and they were included until no further BOLD signal changes were observed. Key Findings: Fifteen patients (nine female, mean age 28 years) had GSWDs during EEG-fMRI coregistration (262 total events, mean duration 4 s). Time-course group analysis showed BOLD increments starting approximately 10 s before GSWD onset located in frontal and parietal cortical areas, and especially in the precuneus-posterior cingulate region. At GSWD onset, BOLD increments were located in thalamus, cerebellum, and anterior cingulate gyrus, whereas BOLD decrements were observed in the DMN regions persisting until 9 s after onset. Significance: Hemodynamic changes (BOLD increments) occurred in specific cortical areas, namely the precuneus/posterior cingulate, lateral parietal, and frontal cortices, several seconds before EEG onset of GSWD. A dysfunction of these brain regions, some of which belongs to the DMN, may be crucial in generating GSWDs in patients with IGE
POSITIVE BOLD RESPONSE IN THE BRAIN'S DEFAULT MODE NETWORK ANTICIPATES SPIKE AND WAVE DISCHARGES IN IDIOPATHIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY
No full textCentrotemporal spikes during NREM sleep: The promoting action of thalamus revealed by simultaneous EEG and fMRI coregistration
No full textBenign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) has been investigated through EEG–fMRI
with the aim of localizing the generators of the epileptic activity, revealing, in most cases, the activation of
the sensory–motor cortex ipsilateral to the centrotemporal spikes (CTS). In this case report, we investigated
the brain circuits hemodynamically involved by CTS recorded during wakefulness and sleep in one boy with
CTS and a language disorder but without epilepsy. For this purpose, the patient underwent EEG–fMRI
coregistration. During the “awake session”, fMRI analysis of right-sided CTS showed increments of BOLD signal
in the bilateral sensory–motor cortex. During the “sleep session”, BOLD increments related to right-sided
CTS were observed in a widespread bilateral cortical–subcortical network involving the thalamus, basal
ganglia, sensory–motor cortex, perisylvian cortex, and cerebellum.
In this patient, who fulfilled neither the diagnostic criteria for BECTS nor that for electrical status epilepticus
in sleep (ESES), the transition from wakefulness to sleep was related to the involvement of a widespread
cortical–subcortical network related to CTS. In particular, the involvement of a thalamic–perisylvian neural
network similar to the one previously observed in patients with ESES suggests a common sleep-related
network dysfunction even in cases with milder phenotypes without seizures. This finding, if confirmed in a
larger cohort of patients, could have relevant therapeutic implication
Fear and happiness in the eyes: an intra-cerebral event-related potential study from the human amygdala.
No full textWe present the response pattern of intracranial event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded from depth-electrodes in the human amygdala (four patients) to faces or face parts encoding fearful, happy or neutral expressions. The amygdala showed increased amplitude ERPs (from 200 to 400ms post-stimulus) in response to the eye region of the face compared to whole faces and to the mouth region. In particular, a strong emotional valence effect was observed, both at group and at single-subject level, with a preferential response to fearful eyes respect to every other stimulus category from 200 to 400ms after stimulus presentation. A preferential response to smiling eyes compared to happy faces and smiling mouths was also observed at group level from 300 to 400ms post-stimulus presentation. A complementary time-frequency analysis was performed showing that an increase in the theta frequency band (4-7Hz) accounted for the main event-related band power (ERBP) change during the 200-500ms post stimulus interval. The analysis of the ERBPs changes according to their emotional valence showed a strong increase in theta ERBP to fearful eyes, which was higher respect to any other facial stimulus. Moreover, theta ERBP increase to "smiling eyes" was larger respect with that evoked by smiling mouths and whole happy faces. Minimal post-stimulus ERBPs changes were evoked by neutral stimuli. These data are consistent with a special role of the amygdala in processing facial signals, both with negative and positive valence, conveyed by the eye region of the face
From a philosophical framework to a valid prognostic staging system of the new “comprehensive assessment” for transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma
No full textThe comprehensive assessment of the transplantable tumor (TT) proposed and included in the last Italian consensus meeting still deserve validation. All consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) listed for liver transplant (LT) between January 2005 and December 2015 were post-hoc classified by the tumor/patient stage as assessed at the last re-staging-time (ReS-time) before LT as follow: high-risk-class (HRC) = stages TTDR, TTPR; intermediate-risk-class (IRC) = TT0NT, TTFR, TTUT; low-risk-class (LRC) = TT1, TT0L, TT0C. Of 376 candidates, 330 received LT and 46 dropped-out. Transplanted patients were: HRC for 159 (48.2%); IRC for 63 (19.0%); LRC for 108 (32.7%). Cumulative incidence function (CIF) of tumor recurrence after LT was 21%, 12%, and 8% at 5-years and 27%, 15%, and 12% at 10-years respectively for HRC, IRC, and LRC (P = 0.011). IRC patients had significantly lower CIF of recurrence after LT if transplanted >2-months from ReS-time (28% vs. 3% for <2 and >2 months, P = 0.031). HRC patients had significantly lower CIF of recurrence after-LT if transplanted <2 months from the ReS-time (10% vs. 33% for <2 and >2 months, P = 0.006). The proposed TT staging system can adequately describe the post-LT recurrence, especially in the LRC and HRC patients. The intermediate-risk-class needs to be better defined and further studies on its ability in defining intention-to-treat survival (ITT) and drop-out are required
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