1,720,981 research outputs found
Effects of Nuts, Dried Fruits, Dried Seeds and Black Olives as Enrichment Ingredients on Acrylamide Concentrations in Sweet and Savoury Biscuits
Full text linkThis study investigated the effect of adding 10% almonds, pistachios, apricots, plums, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, and black olives to sweet and savoury biscuits on acrylamide (AA) concentration. These ingredients, which are increasingly used to enrich bakery products, can increase the final AA content, because they contain its precursors and sometimes AA itself, due to the processing treatments they undergo. The AA and some quality characteristics of all ingredients and biscuit samples were analysed. The results showed that sweet biscuits with almonds, pistachios and apricots had AA concentrations exceeding the European benchmark level (350 μg/kg), while those with plums had a lower value (190.7 μg/kg). The enriched savoury biscuits had significantly higher AA concentrations than the control (198.9 μg/kg), up to + 163%. A 10% addition of enrichment ingredients to biscuits can lead to high AA concentrations, highlighting the need for further studies aimed at its mitigation in bakery products
Study of acrylamide formation in biscuits with dried and dehydrated fruits addition
No full textBackground: Dried and dehydrated fruits are often subjected to thermal treatments to improve their sensory properties and extend their shelf-life. However, such processes can lead to acrylamide (AA) formation, a potentially carcinogenic compound controlled by Reg. (EU) 2017/2158 and Rec. (EU) 2019/1888. These foods are often consumed as is or used as ingredients in various formulated foods, raising concerns about AA exposure. This study aimed to assess the impact of dried almonds, roasted pistachios, dehydrated apricots and plums as additional ingredients in biscuits on final AA concentrations. Although these ingredients are known to contain AA and precursors, their contribution to AA formation in a complex matrix is still unclear.
Methods: Biscuit samples were prepared with 10% of the enrichment ingredients to mimic commercially available recipes. All enrichment ingredients, control and enriched biscuit samples were tested for AA concentrations by UHPLC-MS/MS and some quality parameters such as moisture, water activity, pH, colour and texture.
Results: The results showed that the addition of the ingredients led to different AA levels, which were not always proportional to the AA content in the ingredients. The biscuits enriched with almonds, pistachios and apricots had an AA content of more than 350 ppb, which is the benchmark value set in Reg. (EU) 2017/2158. In contrast, the biscuits with plums had an AA content of 190.7 ppb, similar to the control biscuits. These ingredients affected some qualitative characteristics of the final products, which influenced the AA concentration of the biscuits in different ways.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that it is difficult to accurately predict the final AA content in bakery products knowing only the AA concentration in the ingredients used; this is because other factors related to the general matrix properties must also be taken into account. This highlights the need to also monitor how the components in rich recipes react during the various processing steps
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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