1,721,046 research outputs found
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Theophylline for Acute Kidney Injury in Asphyxiated Neonates
Get PDFBackground: Perinatal asphyxia is caused by decreased oxygen delivery to neonates during the birthing process, and leads to significant neonatal morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury due to decreased oxygen delivery is a major adverse neonatal health outcome associated with perinatal asphyxia, and can lead to renal failure. Previous studies in low resource settings lacking induced hypothermia (the current standard of care in well-resourced countries) have used theophylline administered immediately following asphyxiation to prevent (or reduce) kidney injury. Purpose: To synthesize the current evidence on prophylactic theophylline in term infants with perinatal asphyxia for the prevention or treatment of acute kidney injury. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were searched from database inception through April 2016 using predefined criteria to identify RCTs comparing prophylactic theophylline to placebo in term infants following perinatal asphyxia examining incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), serum creatinine levels (SCr), or glomerular filtration rates (GFR). Results: Five RCTs met full inclusion criteria (N=356 infants) and were included in meta-analysis. The use of prophylactic theophylline was associated with a significant reduction in acute kidney injury compared with placebo (RR 0.36, 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.5; p <0.00001). SCr levels were significantly lower in the theophylline group on days 3 and 5. Similarly, GFR levels were significantly increased on days 3 and 5 in the theophylline group compared to the control group. Conclusions: Prophylactic theophylline administration significantly reduces the incidence of acute kidney injury in asphyxiated term neonates and should be considered for routine use in low-resource settings lacking access to therapeutic hypothermia. Future research should examine theophylline in conjunction with therapeutic hypothermia, optimal dosing, and safety.Master of Public Healt
Safety of Furosemide in Premature Infants: A Systematic Review
Get PDFIntroduction: Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic commonly and variably used by neonatologists to improve oxygenation and lung compliance in premature infants despite its lack of Food and Drug Administration approval for use in premature infants. It lacks FDA approval because of safety concerns, specifically the risk of hearing loss and nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis (NC/NL). I conducted a systematic review of all trials and observational studies examining the association of these safety outcomes with exposure to furosemide in premature infants. Methods: I searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov. Included studies reported on the outcomes of sensorineural hearing loss or NC/NL in premature infants (< 37 weeks completed gestational age) who received at least one dose of enteral or intravenous furosemide. I abstracted all selected studies and assessed quality based on the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for randomized trials and the ROBINS-1 tool for observational studies. I assigned a grade for the strength of evidence for each key question using guidelines developed by the Evidence-based Practice Center program of the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Results: I identified 390 titles, 165 of which met criteria for a full-text review. Thirty studies met full inclusion criteria for the review, including 11 studies examining hearing loss and 19 studies examining NC/NL. Only one randomized controlled trial was included in this review. I found mixed results for the association of hearing loss and NC/NL with furosemide exposure, with varying quality of studies. I determined the strength of evidence for both outcomes to be low. The most common limitation in these studies was the lack of control for confounding factors which are independently associated with the outcomes of interest.Conclusions: The evidence for the risk of hearing loss and NC/NL in premature infants exposed to furosemide is low. Further randomized controlled trials of furosemide in premature infants are urgently needed to adequately assess the risk of hearing loss and NC/NL, provide evidence for improved FDA labeling, and promote safer prescription practices.Master of Public Healt
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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