104 research outputs found
Associations among sleep quality, psychosocial functioning, and health-related quality of life in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
No full textAssociations among sleep quality, psychosocial functioning, and health-related quality of life in children with Duchenne muscular dystroph
Clinical Interviewing and Qualitative Assessment with Asian Heritage Clients
No full textThe clinical interview is an essential component of neuropsychological assessment and assumes even greater importance in situations where standardized tests are lacking. In such situations, qualitative assessment strategies may be necessary. This chapter will summarize some cultural and social factors that may influence client presentation and collection of collateral information, and strategies for interviewing and qualitative assessment with Asians and Asian Americans. A pan-Asian perspective is adopted heuristically to provide an introductory guide with pointers in working with Asians and Asian Americans. Clinical neuropsychologists are encouraged to consult the literature on individual Asian cultures for more in-depth information according to the specific needs of their setting
Executive and frontal lobe function
No full textExecutive function impairment is frequently reported in studies of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), although the findings are not always consistent. The most prominent deficits include working memory, phonological fluency, cognitive flexibility, and planning. Previous studies of executive deficits have been criticized for their lack of control over basic attentional processes in measuring executive function. It is proposed that such issues can be addressed statistically and by applying theory-driven approaches such as the working memory model. Detailed characterization of residual executive function deficits after treatment of OSA is critical for the evaluation of treatment outcome and the development of appropriate cognitive rehabilitation strategies
Sleep dependent memory consolidation during a daytime nap in adolescents
No full textIntroduction: This study examined the sleep-dependent memory consolidation
hypothesis through napping in adolescents in their naturalistic
living environment. Previous controlled experimental studies suggested
that a short nap could help support memory consolidation and learning
in normally sleeping adults. This study attempted to extend previous
findings by demonstrating memory consolidation effects of napping
with multiple memory tasks in adolescents who commonly have inadequate
sleep.
Methods: Forty healthy adolescents, aged 15-19 were recruited at a full
time boarding English-speaking high school in Hong Kong. Volunteering
participants were matched in pairs on age, sex and sleepiness, using
the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire. They were then
randomly assigned to either the “nap” (n=21) or the “no-nap” condition
(n=19). Three verbal learning and recall tasks - prose recall, word pair
associates, and word list learning were adopted. Task stimuli were presented
to all participants at around 2.00pm on the testing day. The nap
group was then instructed to take a nap at their own dormitory room
between 3.15pm and 4.15pm while the no-nap group was instructed to
stay awake as usual. Re-testing of recall and recognition tasks and learning
of a new word list was scheduled at 5.15pm.
Results: The nap group was significantly better at recalling previously
learnt proses [F (1,36) = 9.11, p= .005, η2= .202] and word pairs [F
(1,36)=5.80, p =.021, η2=.139]. These effects were not associated with
self-reported sleep duration in the preceding seven nights and daytime
sleepiness. The nap group also performed better in learning a new word
list after napping than the no-nap group [F (1,37) = 6.905, p = .012,
η2=.157].
Conclusion: Our results suggested that a short nap can be of benefit to
students of diverse sleep status. Planned, polyphasic sleep complementary
to good sleep hygiene may be advisable to help adolescents cope
with increasing cognitive demands in modern societies
Sleep Moderates Effects of a Depressive Episode on Response Bias to Emotional Eyes
No full textIntroduction: Response bias was a tendency to say “yes” or “no” in
distinguishing learnt materials from new information. Depressive individuals,
even remitted, were reported to be biased in recalling negative
experience. While poor sleep was shown to be associated with depressed
mood, its role in emotion-modulated cognition (including response bias
towards emotional stimuli) in depressed individuals remained to be determined. Methods: A community sample (n = 81, 32 males, aged 17-25, nonmedicated)
was recruited and interviewed according to the structuralclinical-
interview for DSM-IV disorders. Sixteen participants reported
a depressive episode (depressive-episode group) in the lifetime, and the
rest formed the control-group. Both groups completed a five-day sleeplog
and emotional recognition memory task of positive, neutral and negative
eyes. There was a learning- and testing-phase, separated by either a
90-minute polysomnography-monitored nap or wakefulness. Response
bias (c’) was calculated following signal detection theory, with a negative
c’ representing tendency to say “yes”, and positive c’ for “no”.
Results: The depressive-episode and control-group were matched on
demographics and sleep duration (ps > .05). A factorial design with
two between-subject factors (depressive-episode and nap-condition) revealed
a significant main effect of depressive-episode on positive eyes
c’, F(1,72) = 5.74, p = .019, indicating more negative c’ towards positive
eyes. Depressive-episode interacted with nap-condition on c’ of positive,
F(1,72) = 4.432, p = .039, and negative eyes, F(1,72) = 5.895, p =
.018. Post-hoc analyses (Mann-Whitney U test) showed that among the
depressive-episode group, napped individuals had significantly more
negative c’ on positive (p = .049) and negative eyes (p = .026). Among
controls, there were no differences between the napped and wake individuals
(ps > .05).
Conclusion: Sleep was found to moderate the effects of depressive
episode on response bias in emotionally-charged eyes: following a nap,
individuals with depressive episode had a higher tendency to say “yes”
to both positive and negative eyes, suggesting that sleep may facilitate
recognition of both positive and negative information in individuals
with depressive episode
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