1,721,013 research outputs found
Functional interaction between the HIV-1 Tat transactivator and the inhibitory domain of the Oct-2 cellular transcription factor.
No full textThe ability of the inhibitory domain of the POU family transcription factor Oct-2 to interfere with promoter activation by different classes of activation domains is dependent upon the nature of the basal promoter elements.
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Investigating the role of the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways in ischaemia/reperfusion injury and inflammation
No full textThe signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are a family of transcription factors which transduce extracellular signals from cytokines, growth factors and G-proteins to the nucleus. STATs become activated by phosphorylation and translocate to the the nucleus where they bind to specific target promoters. STAT1 has previously been shown to have a role in inducing apoptosis in the myocardium following ischaemia/reperfusion injury (I/R), however the role of STAT3 in myocardial apoptosis is less clear. Here it is shown that STAT3 is phosphorylated in cardiac cells both in vito and in vivo in response to I/R injury and plays a protective role by reducing the levels of apoptosis. Several modulators of STAT3 activity were found to be upregulated following I/R, including JAK2, SOCS3 and GRIM-19. STAT3 was also found to be important in regulating DNA damage and repair through altered activity of DNA damage response proteins. Administration of the antioxidant tempol in vivo, reduced infarct size in a rat model of I/R injury and this was accompanied by a reduction in STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation. Increasing STAT1 phosphorylation with IFN-• treatment abolished the protective effect of tempol, suggesting that inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation may be a key protective effect of tempol infusion. Affymetrix microarray analysis of hearts from the in vivo I/R model identified several novel gene expression changes and uncovered transcriptional reduction in large numbers of genes involved in mitochondrial respiration and transport. In addition, this approach identified several possible new regulators of cardiac protection mediated by tempol and the urocortin hormones.
The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is involved in sensing cellular stress and play key roles in I/R injury and inflammation. MAPK activity is balanced by MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) such as MKP-1 and the role of MKP-1 in modulating the immune response was investigated. Mice deficient in MKP-1 were more susceptible to endotoxic shock and had elevated levels of serum cytokines. MKP-1 was found to be upregulated following toll-like recptor (TLR) stimulation and this was dependent on the signaling adaptors MyD88 and Trif. Macrophages deficient in MKP-1 had increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK following TLR stimulation and secreted elevated amounts of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-12 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The temporal control and regulation of cytokine production in response to TLR stimulation was dissected using pharmacological inhibition of MAPKs. MKP-1 was not found to contribute to T cell differentiation but did have a role to play in the adaptive immune response as MKP-1- deficient mice failed to recover from an experimental model of multiple sclerosis
Stable expression of a recombinant human antinucleosome antibody to investigate relationships between antibody sequence, binding properties, and pathogenicity
No full textWhen purified under rigorous conditions, some murine anti-double-stranded-DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies actually bind chromatin rather than dsDNA. This suggests that they may actually be antinucleosome antibodies that only appear to bind dsDNA when they are incompletely dissociated from nucleosomes. Experiments in murine models suggest that antibody - nucleosome complexes may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Some human monoclonal anti- DNA antibodies are pathogenic when administered to mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Our objective was to achieve stable expression of sequence-altered variants of one such antibody, B3, in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Purified antibodies secreted by these cells were tested to investigate whether B3 is actually an antinucleosome antibody
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
