1,720,987 research outputs found
How to explain the variation in so-called psychological invariants? The shift from psychophysical constancy to psychobiological adaptability
No full textThis paper outlines how the concept of psychophysical constancy entered into cognitive psychology, by way of research into human memory, in the form of so-called invariants. Such invariants have been conceptualised in different ways as capacity parameters of human information processing. Empirical studies have shown, however, that parameters of this kind are subject to systematic variation. The possible reasons discussed here include, amongst others, cultural influences. This contribution argues that where psychological processes are concerned principles of invariance can claim validity only on an abstract level of explanation. This leads to a recommendation to place human adaptability in the centre of psychological research and thereby take into account characteristics of adaptive systems as explanatory principles of human information processing
German and Chinese subjects' short-term memory performance for verbal items and geometrical figures: on the function of the phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad
No full textIn a computer-controlled experiment using n = 48 German and n = 48 Chinese subjects we established the memory span for simple geometrical figures and their names in the subjects' respective native language; Half of the subjects replied verbally, the other half nonverbally via a touch screen. In addition, verbal reproduction times were measured. Significant differences in memory span between the two language groups were found only under nonverbal report conditions: here, the Chinese subjects achieved better results than their German contemporaries. There were no differences in oral reproduction times between the two groups. The results are discussed within the framework of Baddeley's working memory model
Sentence-processing Strategies I of Broca’s Aphasies and Normal Speakers as Reflected by Gaze Movements
No full textClonal analysis in glioblastoma with epithelial differentiation
No full textEpithelial differentiation in glioblastomas (GBM) may be associated with circumscribed growth and focal keratin expression resembling carcinoma metastasis. Therefore these rare lesions can pose a diagnostic problem suggesting coincidental occurrence of two separate neoplasms. However molecular analysis should succeed in establishing a common origin of seemingly unrelated tumor samples. Five GBMs exhibiting epithelial differentiation were microdissected and analyzed for mutations in the TP53 gene. SSCP analysis of exons 5-8 was followed by direct sequencing of aberrantly migrating fragments. TP53 mutations were identified in tumors from two of five patients. A G-->T transversion in codon 176 was detected in a tumor, initially diagnosed as metastases of unknown origin, however, a later autopsy revealed GEM. In this lesion, the mutation was observed in both, areas of astrocytic differentiation and areas of epithelial differentiation. One tumor diagnosed as GEM with epithelial differentiation carried C-->T transition in codon 211 in both, areas of astrocytic and epithelial differentiation. Thus, molecular analysis proved clonality in two GBMs with epithelial differentiation, thereby excluding a collision tumor. The present data support the concept of clonal origin of these morphologically heterogeneous lesions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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