1,720,981 research outputs found
Prototype categorisation and the emergence of a lexicon in an infinite world
Full text linkOne of the least understood issues in language evolution is how hominins were able to
ground and establish a shared lexicon. Recently, researchers have explored this issue using
a variety of computational models, whose results have suggested that a shared lexicon
could have emerged spontaneously through a process of self-organisation. However,
these models have used psychologically unrecognised concept representations and an
oversimplified environment. In this dissertation, I present a new computational model
in an attempt to address these problems. Agents' category representations are inspired
by prototype theory, having central members and graded membership. The environment
consists of an infinite number of objects, and has a probabilistic structure which
can be easily manipulated through model parameters. Despite the relatively complex
model, simulation results are generally in line with previous ones and add further support
to the self-organisation hypothesis. In addition, the speed and level of lexical convergence
depend on the world structure, confirming that this is an aspect of past models
which has seen too little attention. Future work should investigate the vast parameter
space in further detail, and extend the simulations in various new directions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Role of language in conceptual coordination
Full text linkAlthough concepts are located within individual minds, while word forms are shared
across entire language communities, words and concepts are normally deemed to be
tightly bound. But in fact, at least to the extent that concepts vary, the relationship
between words and concepts may not be as uniform or stable as is often assumed. Nevertheless,
language may itself mediate that relationship, through its entrenchment and
use. Psychologists have already investigated language use in referential communication,
but they have yet to focus in detail on the role of language in conceptual coordination.
One of the obstacles has been the theoretical and methodological challenges that arise
from seriously abandoning conceptual universals. To that end, an experimental framework
was developed based on sorting tasks in which participants freely partition a set
of stimuli into categories and an objective measure for comparing two outputs. Four
experiments were then conducted to investigate whether people were conceptually coordinated
before, during and after linguistic interaction.
Experiment 1 consisted of a cross-linguistic study looking at default coordination between
native speakers. Participants both sorted items into groups and named them individually.
There was a relatively high degree of categorisation agreement among speakers of
the same language, but not nearly as high as for naming agreement. Experiments 2-4
inquired into conceptual coordination during or immediately after linguistic interaction.
Experimental manipulations involved the form of language use (full dialogue or only
category labels), as well as the type of feedback (category groupings, labels, both, or
neither). In particular, Experiment 2 investigated the effects of categorising a set of objects
together, with or without dialogue, on subsequent individual categorisation. The results were inconclusive and revealed specific methodological issues, but yielded interesting
data and were encouraging for the general framework. Experiment 3 modified
the designwhile testing and extending the same general hypotheses. Participants carried
out a sequence of categorisation tasks in which they tried to coordinate their categories,
followed by individual categorisation and similarity tasks. The availability of dialogue
and feedback was manipulated in the interactive tasks. During interaction, they also
received both kinds of feedback, except in the control condition. Pairs that could talk
coordinated much better than the others, but feedback didn’t help. Experiment 4 looked
into the effects of the four possibilities for feedback during a longer sequence of interactive
tasks. In general, conceptual coordination was found to depend on grouping feedback
only. However, by the end of the task, pairs who received both kinds of feedback
did best. All three interactive experiments also measured lexical convergence between
pairs. The results generally revealed a dissociation, with lexical alignment showingmore
convergence and occurring under a wider variety of conditions.
Togetherwith previous research, these findings showthat language can bring about conceptual
coordination. However, it appears that the richer the form of language use, the
more conceptual convergence occurs, and the closer it gets coupled with lexical convergence.
The long-term effects, if any, are much weaker. These studies have implications
for the general role of language in cognition and other important issues
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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