433 research outputs found
Growing into the self: The development of personality in rhesus macaques
No full textAlthough personality has been widely studied among animal species, only a few studies have investigated the long-term development of personality during early ontogeny. In fact, no study of nonhuman primates has consistently mapped personality development from birth to adulthood. Our study aimed at closing this gap by examining the development of personality among free-ranging rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, using longitudinal behavioural data of 24 subjects (3758 h) collected from birth to 7 years of age on the island of Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, U.S.A. In our analyses we combined different frameworks of animal personality research to discuss behavioural differences in terms of latent personality models, behavioural syndromes and behavioural characters. The results showed that a core model of rhesus macaque personality, comprising three latent factors (Fearfulness, Aggression, Sociability), can already be established over the course of the first 7 years of life. However, only Fearfulness emerged consistently throughout development. While the factor of Sociability diffused during maturation, Aggression stabilized towards adulthood after having inconsistent loadings during infancy. When assessing correlations among behaviours separately on the within- and between-individual level, again only Fearfulness showed significant results averaged over the entire study period and can therefore be classified as behavioural syndrome or behavioural character. We discuss differences in correlations, interactions between sex and age and the effect of maternal rank as potential source of differences in stability of latent traits. Furthermore, we assessed plasticity of behaviour with regard to first maternity in females and natal dispersal of males. While the latter was accompanied by an increase of fearful behaviour and decrease of physical aggression, first maternity was marked by a mixed pattern of changes. Overall, our results suggest that rhesus macaques are not born into their personality, but grow into it. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Temporal dynamics and fitness consequences of coalition formation in male primates
No full textCoalition formation is one of the most striking forms of cooperation found in animals. Yet, there is substantial variation between taxa regarding the mechanisms by which coalitions can result in fitness consequences. Here, we investigate the influence of coalitions on dominance rank trajectories and subsequently on reproductive success in wild male crested macaques (Macaca nigra) at Tangkoko Nature Reserve (Sulawesi, Indonesia). We observed 128 coalition events involving 28 males and tested how a variety of coalition properties and factors related to the social environment influenced future male rank. We further used genetic paternity analysis of 19 infants conceived during the study to assess male reproductive success. Our results show that males participating in coalitions achieved higher-than-expected future ranks, while coalition targets had lower-than-expected future ranks. Additionally, all-up coalitions had stronger effects on rank than all-down and bridging coalitions, and these were modulated by the relative strength of coalition partners versus targets. Finally, higher ranking males were more likely to sire infants than lower ranking males. These results provide important insights regarding the mechanisms underlying coalition formation and support the idea that one major path by which coalitions can affect fitness is through influencing male dominance trajectories
Continuous Obstructed Detour Queries
No full textIn this paper, we introduce Continuous Obstructed Detour (COD) Queries, a novel query type in spatial databases. COD queries continuously return the nearest point of interests (POIs) such as a restaurant, an ATM machine and a pharmacy with respect to the current location and the fixed destination of a moving pedestrian in presence of obstacles like a fence, a lake or a private building. The path towards a destination is typically not predetermined and the nearest POIs can change over time with the change of a pedestrian's current location towards a fixed destination. The distance to a POI is measured as the summation of the obstructed distance from the pedestrian's current location to the POI and the obstructed distance from the POI to the pedestrian's destination. Evaluating the query for every change of a pedestrian's location would incur extremely high processing overhead. We develop an efficient solution for COD queries and verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our solution in experiments
Do Wild, Male, Crested Macaques (Macaca nigra) Respond to the Screams of Infants Involved in Agonistic Interactions?
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Mother-male bond, but not paternity, influences male-infant affiliation in wild crested macaques
No full textIn promiscuous primates, interactions between adult males and infants have rarely been investigated. However, recent evidence suggests that male affiliation towards infants has an influence on several aspects of the infants’ life. Furthermore, affiliations may be associated with male reproductive strategy. In this study, we examined which social factors influenced male-infant affiliation initiated by either male or infant, in wild crested macaques (Macaca nigra). We combined behavioral data and genetic paternity analysis from 30 infants living in three wild groups in Tangkoko Reserve, Indonesia. Our results indicate that adult males and infants do not interact at random, but rather form preferential associations. The social factors with the highest influence on infant-initiated interactions were male rank and male association with the infant’s mother. While infants initiated affiliations with males more often in the absence of their mothers, adult males initiated more affiliations with infants when their mothers were present. Furthermore, males initiated affiliations more often when they were in the same group at the time the infant was conceived, when they held a high dominance rank or when they had a close relationship with the mother. Interestingly, paternity did not affect male-infant affiliation despite being highly skewed in this species. Overall, our results suggest that adult males potentially associate with an infant to secure future mating with the mother. Infants are more likely to associate with a male to receive better support, suggesting a strategy to increase the chance of infant survival in a primate society with high infant mortality
Nhã Ca : Mourning Headband for Hue. An Account of the Battle for Hue, Vietnam 1968 - Review by Gary Kulik
No full text[ndlr] Signalement d'un CR de lecture en ligne de Gary Kulik sur l'ouvrage de Nhã Ca, Mourning Headband for Hue: An Account of the Battle for Hue, Vietnam 1968. Témoignage poignant sur massacre perpétré par le Viêt-Công (FNL Sud Viêt-Nam) à Huê lors de l'offensive du Têt. Mourning Headband for Hue, originally published in Saigon in 1969 as Giải khăn sô Huế, was the first book-length account of the Tet Offensive. Its author, a prominent Vietnamese writer, Trần Thị Thu Vân, wrote under the pen ..
Nhã Ca : Mourning Headband for Hue. An Account of the Battle for Hue, Vietnam 1968 - Review by Gary Kulik
No full text[ndlr] Signalement d'un CR de lecture en ligne de Gary Kulik sur l'ouvrage de Nhã Ca, Mourning Headband for Hue: An Account of the Battle for Hue, Vietnam 1968. Témoignage poignant sur massacre perpétré par le Viêt-Công (FNL Sud Viêt-Nam) à Huê lors de l'offensive du Têt. Mourning Headband for Hue, originally published in Saigon in 1969 as Giải khăn sô Huế, was the first book-length account of the Tet Offensive. Its author, a prominent Vietnamese writer, Trần Thị Thu Vân, wrote under the pen ..
Problems associated with the prohibition of reformatio in pejus
No full textThe article concerns selected issues related to the prohibition of reformatio in pejus in Polish criminal proceedings. The author discusses the problem of the permissibility of deciding against the accused in the case of misidentification of procedural fault by the appellant, combined with the proper qualification of the fault, then the problem of changing the description of the alleged act. Analysing the first issue, the author states that such change shall always be treated as a breach of the prohibition on reformatio in pejus. In his comments relating to the second issue, the author discusses changing the description of the act of preparing to commit a crime or attempt to commit a crime. The author goes on to discuss the situation of changing the description of an intended crime by alternatively defining its objective features. Next, he discusses the change in form of complicity assigned to the accused. Finally, he tenders the conclusion, contrary to dominant doctrine and jurisprudence, that all of the cases analysed are similar and can be seen as breaching the prohibition on reformatio in pejus [email protected] Kulik – profesor nadzwyczajny w Katedrze Prawa Karnego i Kryminologii Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie.Marek Kulik – Associate Professor in the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology at the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University.Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w LublinieDębski R., O teoretycznych podstawach regulacji współdziałania przestępnego w kodeksie karnym z 1997 r., „Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne” 1998, t. LVIII.Giezek J. (red.), Kodeks karny. Część ogólna. Komentarz, Warszawa 2012.Gostyński Z. (red.), Kodeks postępowania karnego. Komentarz, Warszawa 1998.Grzegorczyk T., Komentarz do kodeksu postępowania karnego, Warszawa 2008.Hofmański P., Zabłocki S., Niektóre zagadnienia związane z granicami orzekania w instancji odwoławczej w procesie karnym, (w:) I. Nowikowski (red.), Problemy stosowania prawa sądowego. Księga ofiarowana Prof. E. Skrętowiczowi, Lublin 2007.Jędrzejewski Z., Bezprawie usiłowania nieudolnego, Warszawa 2000.Kaczmarek T., Kwestie sporne wokół tzw. niesprawczych form współdziałania przestępnego, (w:) J. Majewski (red.), Formy stadialne i postacie zjawiskowe popełnienia przestępstwa, Toruń 2007.Kardas P., Teoretyczne podstawy odpowiedzialności karnej za przestępne współdziałanie, Kraków 2001.Kmiecik R., Glosa do wyroku SN z 27 kwietnia 2009 r., V KK 398/08, „Orzecznictwo Sądów Polskich” 2010, z. 1, poz. 5.Kondracki M., Rola zarzutów odwoławczych w procesie karnym, „Palestra” 2009, nr 3-4.Królikowski M., Zawłocki R. (red.), Kodeks karny. Część ogólna. Tom I. Komentarz do artykułów 1-31, Warszawa 2010.Kulik M., Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z 17 lipca 2014 r., SK 35/12, OTK – A 2014, nr 7, poz. 74, „Studia Iuridica Lublinensia” 2015, vol. XXIV, 4.Liszewska A., Problem zbiegu stadialnych postaci sprawczego współdziałania z dokonaniem podżegania i pomocnictwa, (w:) J. Majewski (red.), Formy stadialne i postacie zjawiskowe popełnienia przestępstwa, Toruń 2007.Liszewska A., Współdziałanie przestępne w polskim prawie karnym. Analiza dogmatyczna, Łódź 2004.Marszał K., Reguły ne peius w postępowaniu apelacyjnym w sprawach karnych, (w:) L. Leszczyński, E. Skrętowicz, Z. Hołda (red.), W kręgu teorii i praktyki prawa karnego. Księga poświęcona pamięci Prof. A. Wąska, Lublin 2005.Paprzycki L.K. (red.), Kodeks postępowania karnego. Komentarz, Warszawa 2013.Pohl Ł., Istota pomocnictwa w kodeksie karnym z 6 czerwca 1997 r., „Ruch Prawniczy Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” 2000, z. 2.Pohl Ł., O (nie)możliwości pociągnięcia osoby nieletniej do odpowiedzialności za tzw. niewykonawcze formy współdziałania przestępnego na gruncie kodeksu karnego z 1997 r., (w:) V. Konarska – Wrzosek, J. Lachowski, J. Wójcikiewicz (red.), Węzłowe problemy prawa karnego, kryminologii i polityki kryminalnej. Księga ofiarowana Prof. A. Markowi, Warszawa 2010.Pohl Ł., Struktura normy sankcjonowanej w prawie karnym, Poznań 2007.Skorupka J.(red.), Kodeks postępowania karnego. Komentarz, Warszawa 2015.Świecki D. (red.), Kodeks postępowania karnego. Komentarz, Warszawa 2013.Zabłocki S., O niektórych zmianach wprowadzonych przez nowy kodeks postępowania karnego w zakresie postępowania odwoławczego, „Przegląd Sądowy” 1997, nr 11-12.Zoll A., Podstawy teoretyczne regulacji współdziałania przestępnego w projekcie kodeksu karnego, „PiP” 1995, z. 6.Zoll A., O normie prawnej z punktu widzenia prawa karnego, „Krakowskie Studia Prawnicze” 1990, z. XXIII.Zoll A., Czy podżeganie i pomocnictwo są postaciami zjawiskowymi przestępstwa, (w:) J. Giezek (red.), Przestępstwo – kara – polityka kryminalna. Problemy tworzenia i funkcjonowania prawa. Księga jubileuszowa z okazji 70. Rocznicy urodzin Prof. T. Kaczmarka, Kraków 2006.Zoll A. (red.), Kodeks karny. Część ogólna. T. I. Komentarz do art. 1-116 kk., Warszawa 2012.2319711
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Indoor Spatial Awareness
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