421 research outputs found
Pathology in prostate research: Optimizing tissue quality
No full textThe collection of tissue from the prostate gland for research creates unique challenges in the identification of cancer and in preserving pathological material. Value and uses of formalin fixed tissue. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue is often available in abundance after pathological processing and reporting of specimens but is limited in value for detailed molecular tests. Tissue micro-array if carefully performed is a helpful technique for examining many FFPE specimens with immunohistochemical or fluorescence in situ hybridization tests. Value and uses of frozen tissue. The collection of fresh tissue prior to formalin fixation and later validation samples of fresh prostate cancer is difficult as prostate cancer is very difficult to identify macroscopically on cut prostate specimens. Also, the act of manipulation and dissection of the gland while fresh and without compromising surgical margins is challenging. Methods which have been used to dissect the fresh prostate gland and also collect fresh tissue from other prostatic specimens are discussed. The ethical challenges of collecting research tissue without compromising patient care are discussed. Conclusions. Prostate cancer tissue banks, particularly of frozen tissue are still relatively few in number. Enhanced collection methods which do not prohibit full pathological examination are available but require expertise to maximize their potential
Pathology in prostate research: Optimizing the pathological data
No full textPathology remains the gold standard for the diagnosis and local staging and grading of prostate cancer. However, as in any discipline, there are variations in national standards and protocols leading to possible significant intra-observer variations. This can significantly impact on the data supplied to clinical trials. Diagnostic and grading criteria. Error rates in the diagnosis of prostate cancer have improved but the possibility that diagnostic error may be discovered has to be addressed in any research series. Major changes in Gleason grading have occurred in the past 40 years and this may lead to suboptimal application of grades in research cohorts, falsely raising the prognostic power of new biomarkers. Tumor measurements and staging criteria. Further information that may provide additional prognostic information include various measures of tumor extent and peri-neural invasion in biopsy specimens. Standardization of measures of tumor extent is necessary to give more useful assessments of prognosis. In radical prostatectomy specimens there are a number of other staging measurements which might be applied, including tumor volume, margin status, extra-capsular extension and nodal positivity though many of these variables are interdependent. Conclusion. Appropriate utilization of such pathological material will produce improved cohorts in which it will be possible to test new biomarkers with increased rigor
Premalignant lesions of the urinary bladder
No full textAlthough most carcinomas of the bladder occur de novo, some vesical lesions progress to malignancy over time. These lesions appear morphologically benign, but often harbour genetic changes that signify their malignant potential. Despite their benign appearance, accurate identification is important given that these patients will require close followup. In addition to this some lesions may mimic carcinoma, and as a consequence, misdiagnosis could result in serious over-treatment. In this review, we discuss the clinical and histological features as well as the differential diagnosis of lesions of the bladder that have the potential to progress to cancer. Specifically, we present the features of flat, papillary and atypical urothelial hyperplasia, urothelial papilloma, urothelial dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia, keratinising squamous metaplasia, verrucous squamous hyperplasia and condyloma acuminatum and examine the molecular and clinical evidence relating to their malignant potential
Prognostic factors in prostate cancer: key elements in structured histopathology reporting of radical prostatectomy specimens
No full textProstate cancer is the most common visceral cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death in males. The number of radical prostatectomies performed each year is increasing and accurate data from the histopathological examination of these specimens aid clinicians in stratifying patients for surveillance and adjuvant therapies. This review focuses on the histopathological prognostic factors which should be routinely recorded in pathology reports and complements the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Structured Reporting Protocol for Prostate Cancer (Radical Prostatectomy). Such structured pathology reports have been shown to significantly enhance the completeness and quality of data provided to clinicians. The review also discusses the International Society for Urological Pathology Consensus Conference recommendations which were published recently.James G. Kench, David R. Clouston, Warick Delprado, Thomas Eade, David Ellis, Lisa G. Horvath, Hemamali Samaratunga, Jurgen Stahl, Alan M.F. Stapleton, Lars Egevad, John R. Srigley and Brett Delahun
Re: Comment on Egevad <i>et al</i> ., ‘Utility of Pathology Imagebase for standardisation of prostate cancer grading’
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Biomarkers in renal cancer
No full textTreatment options for primary and metastatic renal cancer are increasing. Accurate data from the pathological examination of renal cancer specimens aid clinicians in stratifying patients for surveillance and adjuvant therapies. This review focuses on biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of the biologic behavior of renal tumors which should be recorded in pathology reports and which are under investigation. Special emphasis is given to the use of immunohistochemical markers in differential diagnosis of various renal tumor subtypes. The relevance of cytogenetic and molecular findings is also discussed. The review includes the 2012 International Society for Urological Pathology Consensus conference recommendations
PANDA Challenge Analysis Code
No full textCode related to analysis of algorithms sourced through the PANDA challenge.
Main website: https://panda.grand-challenge.org/
Challenge platform: https://www.kaggle.com/c/prostate-cancer-grade-assessment
Study design: https://zenodo.org/record/3715938
Organizers and main study contributors: Wouter Bulten, Kimmo Kartasalo, Po-Hsuan Cameron Chen, Peter Ström, Hans Pinckaers, Kunal Nagpal, Yuannan Cai, David Steiner Hester van Boven, Robert Vink, Christina Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, Jeroen van der Laak, Hemamali Samaratunga, Brett Delahunt, Toyonori Tsuzuki, Tomi Häkkinen, Henrik Grönberg, Lars Egevad, Maggie Demkin, Sohier Dane, Lily Peng, Craig Mermel Pekka Ruusuvuori, Geert Litjens, Martin Eklun
Reproducibility of Gleason grading of prostate cancer can be improved by the use of reference images
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