721 research outputs found
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No full textN.B.: When citing this work, cite the original article. This is the authors ’ version of the following article: Stina Axelsson, Maria Hjorth, Johnny Ludvigsson and Rosaura Casas, Decreased GAD(65)-specific Th1/Tc1 phenotype in children with Type 1 diabetes treated with GAD-alum., 2012, Diabetic Medicine, (29), 10, 1272-1278. which has been published in final form at
AI and Challenges to Personal Data and Data Protection in Research
No full textIntroduction by Elin Palm Contributions How can Swedish Universities get ready for Generative AI use in research? Emma Rörby and Karin Axelsson pp. 12-13 Ethical considerations for research on sensitive personal data Sara Belfrage pp. 15-28 Machine learning, genetic privacy and health research Kalle Grill pp. 31-36 AI and sensitive personal data in research Lars Lindblom pp. 37-46 Large Language Models (LLMs) and research ethics Davide Vega d’Aurelio pp. 49-54 Review:The chapters have been reviewed by the editors.</p
AI and Challenges to Personal Data and Data Protection in Research
No full textIntroduction by Elin Palm Contributions How can Swedish Universities get ready for Generative AI use in research? Emma Rörby and Karin Axelsson pp. 12-13 Ethical considerations for research on sensitive personal data Sara Belfrage pp. 15-28 Machine learning, genetic privacy and health research Kalle Grill pp. 31-36 AI and sensitive personal data in research Lars Lindblom pp. 37-46 Large Language Models (LLMs) and research ethics Davide Vega d’Aurelio pp. 49-54 Review:The chapters have been reviewed by the editors.</p
Youth - the future manpower. Studies on unemployment, quality of life and work attitudes.
No full textThe aim was to gain knowledge of experiences of unemployment in young adults with special regard to quality of life (QOL) and to highlight work attitudes and related factors among adolescents. Three studies were performed in Kristianstad municipality, Sweden. In Study 1, a questionnaire was sent in 1998 to 264 unemployed young adults (md=22 years, range 20?25) and to a control group of 528 randomly selected young adults who were studying or working. In Study 2, interviews with 16 unemployed young adults(md=22 years, range 20?24) were performed. In Study 3, 606 students in upper secondary school (md=18, range 18?22) were invited to participate in a questionnaire study. In Study 1, the prevalence of three or more mental health symptoms was 41% in males and 60% in females. Unemployed reported lower mental health than controls. In unemployed females, without very good parental support and with low self-esteem, 76% had three or more mental health problems. Unemployed had lower QOL than controls. However, this picture seemed diversified as 35% reported that QOL had become worse, 41% reported unchanged QOL and 24% reported that QOL had become better since unemployment started. In Study 2, the variation in experiences of unemployment was established in more depth by the qualitative research approach. Perception and action were constituents of QOL among unemployed young adults and QOL was regarded as an outcome of these two dimensions. Perception and action varied greatly, and four groups with substantial differences in QOL were identified: fighters, optimists, exposed and unworried subjects. Study 3 focused on work attitudes. Two separate dimensions of work attitudes were found: work ethics (WE), including attitudes to using the social welfare system, and general work attitudes (GWA), including the general attitude towards work and life as a context. Being female, having very positive work experiences, having good QOL, high SOC and good subjective health were positively related to WE. Being female, studying on a practical programme, being content with the school period, having high SOC and very good parental support were positively related to GWA. This thesis shows that unemployment is experienced in various ways, and these experiences are not only negative. Individual factors such as QOL, SOC, health and parental support are of importance to both unemployment experiences and attitudes to work. Consequently, when the purpose is to increase young adults? possibilities to participate in working life, it can be argued that strategies where the focus is on the individual perspective instead of the collective approach are relevant. Key words: Young adults, adolescents, health, quality of life, unemployment, work ethics, work attitudes, sense of coherence, social support, self-esteem. © Lars Axelsson, 2005 Printed by Media Tryck printing office, Lund, Sweden ISBN 91-85439-65-
Svensk medeltida predikan på S:t Olofsdagen
No full text29 sermons for the celebration of the Norwegian St. Olof/Olaf (July 29) have been preserved in medieval manuscripts of Swedish provenance. 27 of these were composed by friars of Vadstena Abbey. The article discusses what they tell us about the Saint, what sources the preachers used, and which characteristics of the Saint they emphasize. Finally, the main contents of a sermon on St. Olaf by the Vadstena friar Johannes Borquardi are related by way of example
Nutritional aspects of advanced Head and Neck Cancer and impact of different factors in Head and Neck Cancer of Unknown Primary
Get PDFBackground/Aims: Swallowing problems and malnutrition are common in advanced head and neck (HN) cancer. The aim of paper I was to study whether percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) affected the long-term swallowing function. Phase angle (PA) is a measure of the electrical permeability of tissues and has been found to be a prognostic factor in different diseases; the aim of papers II-III was to investigate the PA in HN cancer. Head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP) is a rare type of HN cancer. The aim of papers IV-V was to investigate the importance of human papillomavirus (HPV), different clinical factors and treatment in HNCUP
Methods/Results: Paper I: Randomized, controlled, long-term study of 134 patients with advanced HN cancer: half of the patients had a prophylactic PEG, and the remaining patients received nutritional support. There was no significant difference in swallowing function according to the quality of life questionnaires or oral intake scale, esophageal disease, body mass index or survival between the groups. Papers II-III: Prospective study of the same patients as in paper I. The patients were measured with bioelectric impedance analysis at diagnosis and during follow-ups. Low value of PA at diagnosis and at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after the start of treatment and after 8 years were significant negative factors for survival. At diagnosis, a cut-off value at 5.95° provided the best prediction of 5-year survival. The PA decreased after start of treatment, was lowest at 3 months and returned to the baseline value at 12 months. Paper IV: Retrospective study of 68 patients with HNCUP treated with curative intent. The tumors were HPV-positive in 69% of the cases. The overall 5-year survival was 82%. Advanced age, negative HPV status and higher N stage were negative factors for survival. Paper V: National, multicenter, register study of 260 patients with HNCUP. Treatment with neck dissection and radiation resulted in similar outcome as did (chemo)radiation. Advanced age, worse performance status and higher N stage were negative factors for survival.
Conclusions: The use of PEG in advanced HN cancer does not increase the risk for long-term swallowing problems. The PA at diagnosis and during and after the treatment predicts survival in HN cancer. HPV infection is common in HNCUP and is associated with better survival. Age and N stage are significant prognostic factors for survival. Treatment with neck dissection and radiation seem to result in a similar survival as (chemo)radiation
Does Active Labour Market Policy Work? Lessons from the Swedish Experiences
Get PDFThe Swedish experiences of the 1990s provide a unique example of how large-scale active labour market programmes (ALMPs) have been used as a means to fight high unemployment. This paper discusses the mechanisms through which ALMPs affect (un)employment and surveys the empirical studies of the effects of ALMPs in Sweden. The main conclusions are: (i) there is hardly any evidence for a positive effect on matching efficiency; (ii) there are some indications of positive effects on labour force participation; (iii) subsidised employment seems to cause displacement of regular employment, whereas this appears not to be the case for labour market training; (iv) it is unclear whether or not ALMPs raise aggregate wage pressure in the economy; (v) in the 1990s, training programmes seem not to have enhanced the employment probabilities of participants, whereas some forms of subsidised employment seem to have had such effects; and (vi) youth programmes seem to have caused substantial displacement effects at the same time as the gains for participants appear uncertain. On the whole, ALMPs have probably reduced open unemployment, but also reduced regular employment. The overall policy conclusion is that ALMPs of the scale used in Sweden in the 1990s are not an efficient means of employment policy. To be effective, ALMPs should be used on a smaller scale. There should be a greater emphasis on holding down long-term unemployment in general and a smaller emphasis on youth programmes. ALMPs should not be used as a means to renew unemployment benefit eligibility.Active; Labour; Market; Policy
Norstedts plusordbok
Get PDFNorstedts plusordbok. Utarbetad vid Språkdata, Göteborgs universitet. Encyklopediska artiklar: Per Axelsson och Håkan Josephson. Teck-ningar: Ola Nyberg. Norstedts. 1349 sid. 1997
Är man lyckad då blir man lycklig - en kvalitativ studie om ätstörningar och identitet
No full textABSTRACT Author: Anna Axelsson Title: If you are successful you will be happy – a qualitative study of eating disorders and identity. [translated title] Supervisor: Associate Professor Håkan Johansson Assessor: Associate Professor Håkan Jönsson The purpose of this study was to examine how people who have suffered from an eating disorder construct their identity. More specifically its aim was to investigate the identity forming processes involved in the development of and recovery from eating disorders and the extent to which the eating disorder has formed their identity. My study was based on interviews which were analyzed qualitatively. My selection consisted of four young women who previously suffered from an eating disorder. As my theoretical basis I used symbolic interactionism, in particular the theories from George H. Mead, Charles H. Cooley and Erving Goffman, in which identity is viewed mainly as a social product. My results indicated that the former eating disorder was a way for the interviewees to express an identity crisis in striving to live up to the social demands of society; the ideals of thinness, achievement and independence. During recovery these ideals became less important and the interviewees found other ways to obtain acknowledgement. At the end of the study I came to the conclusion that the interviewees have lived through the identity crisis expressed by the eating disorder and that this experience has contributed to a higher self-esteem and self-confidence. Key words: eating disorders, identity, symbolic interactionism Nyckelord: ätstörningar, identitet, symbolisk interaktionis
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