126 research outputs found
Export Processing in the Caribbean: Lessons from Four Case Studies
No full textThe author reviews case studies of four Caribbean countries-the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Saint Lucia and Trinidad-and briefly discusses an African country, Mauritius. He compares labour legislation, nationality of investors, technology transfer, and linkages with the rest of the economy. Of these five cases, only Trinidad failed to develop a significant export processing sector. Explanations rooted in government policy are suggested for this result. United Nations ECLAC Working Paper No. 42 (September 1996).export processing zones, export promotion, Dominincan Republic, Saint Lucia, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Mauritius, transnational corporations
Universal Pensions in Low Income Countries
No full textMost workers in developing countries have no access to pensions in old age. Well-intentioned reformers have concentrated on privatization, but this does nothing to expand coverage. Non-contributory, universal pensions automatically protect an entire population, in a way that contributory pensions - public or private - never can. This paper explores the feasibility of introducing such pensions in low-income countries. October 2004 revised and expanded edition of the September 2001 paper. Initiative for Policy Dialogue Working Paper No. IPD-01-05.social security, pension reform, citizen's pension
Universal Pensions in Mauritius: Lessons for the Rest of Us
No full textThat the Government of Mauritius provides nearly every resident over the age of 60 with a non-contributory, basic pension is one of the best-kept secrets in the world. The scheme dates from 1950 and became universal in 1958, following abolition of a means test. Remarkably, introduction of a compulsory, contributory scheme for workers in the private sector appears to have strengthened the non-contributory regime without affecting its universality. This paper examines the past and future of non-contributory, universal pensions in Mauritius, and draws lessons that might be useful for other countries, especially those in the developing world. United Nations DESA Discussion Paper No.32, April 2003.public pensions, social security, means test, targeting, demographic ageing, Mauritius
Willmore 2-Spheres in S-n: A Survey
No full textWe give an overview of the classification problem of Willmore 2-spheres in S-n, and report the recent progress on this problem when n = 5 ( or even higher). We explain two main ingredients in our work. The first is the adjoint transform of Willmore surfaces introduced by the first author, which generalizes the dual Willmore surface construction. The second is the DPW method applied to Willmore surfaces whose conformal Gaussmap is well-known to be a harmonic map into a non-compact symmetric space (a joint work of Dorfmeister and the second author). We also sketch a possible way to classify all Willmore 2-spheres in S-n.EICPCI-S(ISTP)[email protected]; [email protected]
Spacelike Willmore surfaces in 4-dimensional Lorentzian space forms
No full textSpacelike Willmore surfaces in 4-dimensional Lorentzian space forms, a topic in Lorentzian conformal geometry which parallels the theory of Willmore surfaces in S(4), are studied in this paper. We define two kinds of transforms for such a surface, which produce the so-called left/right polar surfaces and the adjoint surfaces. These new surfaces are again conformal Willmore surfaces. For them the interesting duality theorem holds. As an application spacelike Willmore 2-spheres are classified. Finally we construct a family of homogeneous spacelike Willmore tori.Mathematics, AppliedMathematicsSCI(E)6ARTICLE91561-15765
Willmore surfaces of constant Mobius curvature
No full textWe study Willmore surfaces of constant Mobius curvature Kappa in S-4. It is proved that such a surface in S-3 must be part of aminimal surface in R-3 or the Clifford torus. Another result in this paper is that an isotropic surface ( hence also Willmore) in S4 of constant K could only be part of a complex curve in C-2 congruent to R-4 or the Veronese 2- sphere in S-4. It is conjectured that they are the only possible examples. The main ingredients of the proofs are over-determined systems and isoparametric functions.MathematicsSCI(E)7ARTICLE3297-3103
The Willmore flow of Hopf-tori in the -sphere
No full textIn this article, the author investigates flow lines of the classical Willmore
flow, which start to move in a smooth parametrization of a Hopf-torus in
. We prove that any such flow line of the Willmore flow exists
globally, in particular does not develop any singularities, and subconverges to
some smooth Willmore-Hopf-torus in every -norm. Moreover, if in addition
the Willmore energy of the initial immersion is required to be smaller
than or equal to the threshold , then the unique flow
line of the Willmore flow, starting to move in , converges fully to a
conformally transformed Clifford torus in every -norm, up to time
dependent, smooth reparametrizations. Key instruments for the proofs are the
equivariance of the Hopf-fibration w.r.t. the effect of the -gradient of the Willmore energy
applied to smooth Hopf-tori in and to smooth closed regular
curves in , a particular version of the Lojasiewicz-Simon
gradient inequality, and a well-known classification and description of smooth,
arc-length parametrized solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equation of the elastic
energy functional in terms of Jacobi Elliptic Functions and Elliptic Integrals,
dating back to the 80s
Willmore hypersurfaces with constant Mobius curvature in Rn+1
No full textFor an immersed hypersurface f : M-n -> Rn+1 without umbilical points, one can define the Mobius metric g on f which is invariant under the Mobius transformation group. The volume functional of g is a generalization of the well-known Willmore functional, whose critical points are called Willmore hypersurfaces. In this paper, we prove that if a n-dimensional Willmore hypersurfaces (n >= 3) has constant sectional curvature c with respect to g, then c = 0, n = 3, and this Willmore hypersurface is Mobius equivalent to the cone over the Clifford torus in S-3 subset of R-4. Moreover, we extend our previous classification of hypersurfaces with constant Mobius curvature of dimension n >= 4 to n = 3, showing that they are cones over the homogeneous torus S-1(r) x S-1(root 1 - r(2)) subset of S-3, or cylinders, cones, rotational hypersurfaces over certain spirals in the space form R-2, S-2, H-2, respectively.MathematicsSCI(E)0ARTICLE1251-26716
Civil society organizations, participation and budgeting
No full textThe author defines terms and concepts discussed in an Expert Group Meeting on Civil Society Participation in Fiscal Policy held at UN headquarters in New York City. He addresses first the question, What is civil society? The term is used in varied ways by different writers, which makes communication difficult and impedes clarity of thought. Second, he attempts to categorize and synthesize the many ways that civil society participates in the budget process
Gradientenfluss für das Willmore Funktional in Riemannschen Mannigfaltigkeiten beschränkter Geometrie
No full textWe consider the L² gradient flow for the Willmore functional in Riemannian manifolds of bounded geometry. In the euclidean case E. Kuwert and R. Schätzle established a lower bound on the lifespan of a smooth solution of such a flow, which depends only on how much the curvature of the initial surface is concentrated in space.
In a second joint work the aforementioned authors proved that a suitable blow-up converges to a nonumbilic (compact or noncompact) Willmore surface. In lecture notes of the first author the blow-up analysis was refined. In the present work we intend to generalize the results mentioned above to the Riemannian setting.Wir betrachten den L² Gradientenfluss für das Willmore Funktional in Riemannschen Mannigfaltigkeiten beschränkter Geometrie. Im euklidischen Fall bewiesen E. Kuwert and R. Schätzle die Existenz einer unteren Schranke für die Lebensdauer einer glatten Lösung eines solchen Flusses, welche nur davon abhängt, wie die Anfangsfläche im Raum konzentriert ist. In einer zweiten Gemeinschaftsarbeit bewiesen
die oben genannten Autoren, dass ein geeigneter Blow-up gegen eine nichtumbilische (kompakte oder nichtkompakte) Willmorefläche konvergiert. In einem Vorlesungsskriptum des erstgenannten Autors wurde die Blow-up Analysis verfeinert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit beabsichtigen wir die oben erwähnten Resultate auf die Riemannsche Situation zu verallgemeinern
- …
