6 research outputs found
Sea lice on wild juvenile Pacific salmon and farmed Atlantic salmon in the northernmost salmon farming region of British Columbia
No full textThe Kitasoo/Xai'xais First Nation established a program to monitor sea lice levels on seaward migrating wild juvenile salmon in their traditional territory which contains the most northerly salmon farming region of British Columbia. A total of 12 locations were routinely sampled during the period between 2005 and 2008 to gain a better understanding of the levels and patterns of sea lice infestation on wild salmonids in the region. Over 5000 juvenile salmon were collected and examined for sea lice. Around 78% were identified as pink salmon, 18% were chum salmon and the remainder classified as ‘other’ salmon (coho and sockeye salmon). Two species of sea lice were observed: Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi. Over 91% of all the juvenile salmon examined had no sea lice and there was no significant difference in L. salmonis prevalence levels among salmon species. However, chum salmon had significantly lower C. clemensi prevalence levels than either pink or ‘other’ salmon. There were significant annual and regional differences in L. salmonis prevalence on juvenile pink salmon; the lowest prevalence in all sampling zones occurring in 2008, while channels containing salmon farms consistently had higher levels than those without salmon farms. Mean prevalence of L. salmonis in the channels with salmon farms ranged from 2% to 9% which is lower than levels published for the same region in different years or for other areas without salmon farms. C. clemensi prevalence on wild pink salmon was associated with sampling zone and the size of pink salmon; larger juvenile fish were more likely to be infected than smaller fish. During the period of wild juvenile salmon migration, the mean abundance of motile stages of L. salmonis on farmed salmon ranged from 0.13 to 0.79 lice per fish but there were no significant differences among years. In comparison, C. clemensi abundance levels on farms were significantly higher in 2005. Factors contributing to variations in these observations are discussed.Source type: Electronic(1
Modernization of the mechanism of social services in Ukraine reforming
No full textThe article considers the mechanism of social services reforming in terms of decentralization of power in Ukraine.
It is proved that the introduction of a new model of social services in Ukraine is impossible without reforming of different sectors of the economic system of the country and the implementation of existing managerial capacity of modern management systems at all levels of government. The model of the social services mechanism reforming, which comprises the complex of instruments and methods of social reforms implementing, is given.
It is shown that the main purpose of such a mechanism introducing should act a maintenance of steady development of social sphere and social services system by strengthening its ability to adapt to constantly changing economic, geopolitical, legal terms within the model that meets the needs and the expectations of the community regarding the quality and scope of social services.
The author believes that presented mechanism should ensure implementation of principles of management and coordination of social services in Ukraine by strengthening the accountability of management (providers, representatives of authorities, responsible for ensuring the people’s rights to receive social services), ensuring consistency reform processes, coordination of actions of these processes, and the flexibility of the whole system.
Given the nature of social sphere and system for providing social services, the author argues that the new role of the state and its competent authorities for the management of this area is to promote the formation of effective models and effective mechanisms to guarantee social rights and freedoms of citizens of Ukraine at their place of residence and direct social services that are not at variance with the economic interests of the state and the players of these services market.
At the same time, the role of local authorities is manifested in the performance of the provider function – conductor, mediator – of social services to the recipient who will receive it – a citizen of Ukraine who has the right to appropriate service receiving. The provider should ensure the effectiveness of the mechanism of social services on the territory entrusted to him, to ensure high quality of these services in accordance with the legal framework that regulates relations in this field.
Such presentation of the role of local authorities (regional administrations, district administrations, local administrations) as providers, intermediaries in the model of social services provision, is determined by emphasis on innovation development of management activities in a decentralized governance model that, according to the best achievements of European and international experience in this field, is a prerequisite for the implementation of positive transformations and reforms in social sphere.
Accordingly, the coordination of interests plays a key role into the ensuring the success of the institutional stability of the social sector and social services system. Since this area is essentially multifactorial system of social relationships between the forms and types of institutions’ activities, it is a priori can’t be denied the contradictions that arise inevitably and will arise in a progress within it because of various kinds of interests
The involvement of ventral tegmental area cholinergic muscarinic receptors in classically conditioned fear expression as measured with fear-potentiated startle
No full textDevelopmental disruption of perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex after maternal immune activation
No full text© The Author(s) 2016. Maternal infection during pregnancy increases the risk of offspring developing schizophrenia later in life. Similarly, animal models of maternal immune activation (MIA) induce behavioural and anatomical disturbances consistent with a schizophrenia-like phenotype in offspring. Notably, cognitive impairments in tasks dependent on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are observed in humans with schizophrenia and in offspring after MIA during pregnancy. Recent studies of post-mortem tissue from individuals with schizophrenia revealed deficits in extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs), particularly in PFC. Given these findings, we examined PNNs over the course of development in a well-characterized rat model of MIA using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C). We found selective reductions of PNNs in the PFC of polyI:C offspring which did not manifest until early adulthood. These deficits were not associated with changes in parvalbumin cell density, but a decrease in the percentage of parvalbumin cells surrounded by a PNN. Developmental expression of PNNs was also significantly altered in the amygdala of polyI:C offspring. Our results indicate MIA causes region specific developmental abnormalities in PNNs in the PFC of offspring. These findings confirm the polyI:C model replicates neuropathological alterations associated with schizophrenia and may identify novel mechanisms for cognitive and emotional dysfunction in the disorder
Coastal and Indigenous community access to marine resources and the ocean: A policy imperative for Canada
No full textVignette 23: Indigenous Management Systems Can Promote More Sustainable Salmon Fisheries in the Salish Sea
No full textIndigenous peoples of the Northern Pacific Rim have harvested salmon for more than 10,000 years, and Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) form the foundation of social-ecological systems encompassing communities from California to Kamchatka and Northern Japan. Through continuous placed-based interdependence with salmon, Indigenous societies formed deliberate and well-honed systems of salmon management. These systems promoted the sustained productivity of salmon fisheries. In Canada and the United States, Indigenous sovereignty and resource stewardship were forcibly disrupted by colonial government authority. Despite the destructive impacts of colonization, Indigenous culture and knowledge are resurgent in Canada and the United States. Indigenous fishing technologies and management systems are being documented and reinvigorated. Systems of Indigenous salmon management can support long- term opportunities for equitable and sustainable harvest of salmon across western North America
