632 research outputs found
Transcriptomic Profiling Explains Racial Disparities in Pterygium Patients Treated With Doxycycline
No full textCitation: Larrayoz IM, RúaÓ, Velilla S, Martínez A. Transcriptomic profiling explains racial disparities on pterygium patients treated with doxycycline. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
Estrogen reduces aldosterone, upregulates adrenal angiotensin II AT2 receptors and normalizes adrenomedullary Fra-2 in ovariectomized rats
No full textWe studied the effect of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on expression of adrenal angiotensin II AT 1 and AT 2 receptors, aldosterone content, catecholamine synthesis, and the transcription factor Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra-2). Ovariectomy increased AT 1 receptor expression in the adrenal zona glomerulosa and medulla, and decreased adrenomedullary catecholamine content and Fra-2 expression when compared to intact female rats. In the zona glomerulosa, estrogen replacement normalized AT 1 receptor expression,decreased AT 1B receptor mRNA, and increased AT 2 receptor expression and mRNA. Estrogen treatment decreased adrenal aldosterone content. In the adrenal medulla, the effects of estrogen replacement were:normalized AT 1 receptor expression, increased AT 2 receptor expression, AT 2 receptor mRNA, and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA, and normalized Fra-2 expression and catecholamine content. We demonstrate that the constitutive adrenal expression of AT 1 receptors, catecholamine synthesis and Fra-2 expression are partially under the control of reproductive hormones. Our results suggest that estrogen treatment decreases aldosterone production through AT 1 receptor downregulation and AT 2 receptor upregulation. AT 2 receptor upregulation and modulation of Fra-2 expression may participate in the estrogen-dependent normalization of adrenomedullary catecholamine synthesis in ovariectomized rats. The AT 2 receptor upregulation and the decrease in AT 1 receptor function and in the production of the fluid-retentive, pro-inflammatory hormone aldosterone partially explain the protective effects of estrogen therapy.We studied the effect of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on expression of adrenal angiotensin II AT 1 and AT 2 receptors, aldosterone content, catecholamine synthesis, and the transcription factor Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra-2). Ovariectomy increased AT 1 receptor expression in the adrenal zona glomerulosa and medulla, and decreased adrenomedullary catecholamine content and Fra-2 expression when compared to intact female rats. In the zona glomerulosa, estrogen replacement normalized AT 1 receptor expression, decreased AT 1B receptor mRNA, and increased AT 2 receptor expression and mRNA. Estrogen treatment decreased adrenal aldosterone content. In the adrenal medulla, the effects of estrogen replacement were: normalized AT 1 receptor expression, increased AT 2 receptor expression, AT 2 receptor mRNA, and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA, and normalized Fra-2 expression and catecholamine content. We demonstrate that the constitutive adrenal expression of AT 1 receptors, catecholamine synthesis and Fra-2 expression are partially under the control of reproductive hormones. Our results suggest that estrogen treatment decreases aldosterone production through AT 1 receptor downregulation and AT 2 receptor upregulation. AT 2 receptor upregulation and modulation of Fra-2 expression may participate in the estrogen-dependent normalization of adrenomedullary catecholamine synthesis in ovariectomized rats. The AT 2 receptor upregulation and the decrease in AT 1 receptor function and in the production of the fluid-retentive, pro-inflammatory hormone aldosterone partially explain the protective effects of estrogen therapy.Fil: Macova, Miroslava. National Institute of Mental Health. Department of Health and Human Services; Estados UnidosFil: Armando, Maria Ines. National Institute of Mental Health. Department of Health and Human Services; Estados UnidosFil: Zhou, Jin. National Institute of Mental Health. Department of Health and Human Services; Estados UnidosFil: Baiardi, Gustavo Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Tyurmin, Dmitri. National Institute of Mental Health. Department of Health and Human Services; Estados UnidosFil: Larrayoz Roldan, Ignacio M.. National Institute of Mental Health. Department of Health and Human Services; Estados UnidosFil: Saavedra, Juan M.. National Institute of Mental Health. Department of Health and Human Services; Estados Unido
El Tlacuache Núm. 35 (2002). 35 Año 2 (2002) marzo. El Tlacuache
No full text- Un nuevo modo de viajar, mirar y valorar: Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, el ferrocarril y los indígenas en Morelos por Ricardo Melgar. - Nuestro patrimonio desconocido por Teresita Loera y Anaite Monterforte. - El Yauhtli por Margarita Avilés y Macrina Fuentes. - Trabajo de los metales por Alma Graciela de la Cruz S. - Caminando hacia una ley de los pueblos y la cultura indígena por Miguel Morayta M
Robert H. Thonhoff Collection, 1839-2013
No full textThe Robert H. Thonhoff Collection consists of research materials, newspapers, writings, artifacts, printed items, and published works representing the personal and professional activities of the Texas author, historian, teacher, and judge. The Collection also includes the papers of Thonhoff’s colleagues, fellow historians and authors: John Ogden Leal, Eric & Conchita Beerman, Ron Higginbotham, Maurice Ballard, Robin Ellis, Granville W. Hough, and Sr. Jose Ignacio Vasconcelos.
Much of the materials and research within the collection are photocopies.https://digitalcommons.tamusa.edu/findingaids/1179/thumbnail.jp
Education and earnings inequality in Mexico
No full textEducation attainment levels increased dramatically for Mexico's labor force in the 1980s and early 1990s. In parallel, the country experienced a pronounced increase in earnings inequality from 1984-94, reflected in a higher dispersion of wages and an absolute decline in the real incomes of less educated, poorer Mexicans. This increased wage dispersion presents policymakers with a tradeoff between efficiency considerations (favoring increased spending on higher education) and equity considerations (favoring a more equal distribution of per student spending) in the allocation of fiscal resources to education. The author concludes that the best way to deal with this equity-efficiency tradeoff is to encourage greater private participation in higher education. His main findings are that: a) The accumulation of human capital during 1984-94, as proxied by education attainment, was accompanied by a more equal distribution of education attainment levels over that period and, thus, exerted an equalizing effect on the distribution of incomes. The increased income inequalityobserved over that period appears to be caused by an increased rate of skill-based technological change, whose transmission to Mexico and other developing countries may have been facilitated by the increased openness of their economies. b) The greater dispersion of wager observed in Mexico during the past decade raised the rates of return on investing in higher education, reversing the traditional pattern where primary education exhibits the highest rates of return. c) The social rates of return across levels of schooling were more uniform in 1994 than in 1984, suggesting a more efficient assignment of education spending. At the same time, the distribution of spending on education became more egalitarian, as per student spending in higher education declined markedly compared with per student spending at the primary level. This surprising coincidence in the pattern of spending on education was only possible because Mexico started out with a very distorted resource allocation in education that was both highly inequitable and inefficient. As Mexico's policymakers are on the way to correcting these distortions, the opportunities for avoiding the equity-efficiency tradeoff within Mexico's centralized education framework will become progressively exhausted. d) There is little reason to expect the pace of technological change, which appears mainly responsible for raising wage dispersion and the relative returns on higher education, to abate. Efficiency considerations dictate that Mexico should respond by devoting more resources to higher education. However, the federal budget, which traditionally has financed the lion's share of higher education costs in Mexico, is unable to accommodate additional spending on higher education, while spending cuts elsewhere in the education sector are bound to raise serious equity questions. Thus, to avoid falling behind in terms of human capital accumulation, greater private sector participation is necessary, at least, in terms of cost recovery from the main beneficiaries of higher education.Decentralization,Teaching and Learning,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Health Promotion,Curriculum&Instruction,Teaching and Learning,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Gender and Education,Curriculum&Instruction
Central bank independence : a critical view
No full textWhile expansive literature on central bank independence contains some criticisms to the independent central bank quasi-paradigm, few critical analyses have been undertaken in the years between Friedman (1962) and Posen (1994). The author extends Posen's analysis to developing countries, discussing more broadly and systematically the reasons why merely instituting an independent central bank may not bring about its professed benefits, especially in developing countries. The author argues that widely reported empirical tests that are purported to support the central bank independence proposition are plagued by potential problems of simultaneity, reverse causality, missing variables, and measurement errors. Yet one can not make positive recommendations about institutional arrangements for central banks if causality relations are not well established. Institutions are shaped by a country's record of and preferences for inflation and may have little influence on them. The author also argues that the purported benefits of an independent central bank may be eroded by conflicts between fiscal and monetary policy and by inherent problems of central bank institutional design (especially mechanisms for board appointments, public accountability, and budgetary control). If these institutional problems are not solved, problems of dynamic inconsistency traditionally associated with monetary policy are not eliminated,but merely transformed. The author suggests that the benefits of central bank independence are less likely obtained in less developed countries with shallow financial markets. Accordingly, central bank independence should be granted at a later stage in a country's financial sector development. If a less developed country seeks to establish a low-inflation path, it should concentrate on instituting financial policy reforms (such as liberalization and privatization) that bolster opposition to inflation rather than easily reversible and practically meaningless changes in legal and institutional structures. This will better ensure the sustainability -- and hence the credibility -- of the government's anti-inflation stance. Fiscal policy is often at the root of macroeconomic disturbances in developing countries. Fiscal policy is more deserving of special protection from politics because of fiscal dominance over monetary policy and its greater vulnerability to private interests. The author suggests that the solution might be to make fiscal policy less susceptible to political pressures by creating an independent fiscal board. Tying the fiscal hands of government may seem a far-fetched idea. But would it not make more sense to force discipline on fiscal policy directly rather than indirectly through monetary policy?Economic Theory&Research,National Governance,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Stabilization,Macroeconomic Management
Cholesterol oxidation in the retina: implications of 7KCh formation in chronic inflammation and age-related macular degeneration
No full textOmar Khayyam’s Epicureanism: The Spanish Translations of Rubaiyats
No full textThis translation appears as the following chapter in:
Omar Khayyam’s Epicureanism: The Spanish Translations of Rubaiyats (1904-1930). Peripheral Transmodernities: South-to-South Dialogues Between the Luso-Hispanic World and “the Orient,” by Axel Gasquet, edited by Ignacio López-Calvo. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, (257-77). Invited Translator. Book chapter. (2012)
Ignacio Ellacuría hoy: cinco aproximaciones a su pensamiento filosófico
No full textThis research presents a study of five perspectives of analysis of the philosophical work of Ignacio Ellacuría, with the purpose of offering a general panorama that allows the deepening of his thought. It is started from the perspective offered by Antonio González, as one of the first systematizers of Ellacuría’s corpus, and then gives way to the interpretation elaborated by Héctor Samour, characterized by his vision of conti- nuity in each of the stages of Ellacuría’s philosophy. Then, the metaphysical reading proposed by Marcela Brito is studied in depth, followed by the perspective elaborated by José M. Romero-Cuevas, which is in direct relation with the critical theory and the one outlined by Juan A. Nicolás, in whose approach the role of truth and experience in Ellacuría’s mature philosophy stands out. It ends with the perspectives that analyze this author from the perspective of human rights, taking into account the contributions of Juan A. Senent and Alejandro Rosillo.En esta investigación se presenta el estudio de cinco perspectivas de análisis de la obra filosófica de Ignacio Ellacuría, con la finalidad de ofrecer un panorama general, que permita profundizar en su pensamiento. Se parte de la perspectiva ofrecida por Antonio González, como uno de los primeros sistematizadores del corpus ellacuriano, para dar paso a la interpretación elaborada por Héctor Samour, caracterizada por su visión de continuidad en cada una de las etapas filosóficas de Ellacuría. Luego, se ahonda en la lectura metafísica propuesta por Marcela Brito; para posteriormente estudiar la perspectiva hecha por José M. Romero-Cuevas, la cual se encuentra en relación directa con la teoría crítica y las ideas de Juan A. Nicolás, en cuyo enfoque sobresale el papel de la verdad y la experiencia en la filosofía madura de Ellacuría. Para finalizar, se presentan las propuestas que analizan a este autor desde la óptica de los derechos humanos, tomando en cuenta los aportes de Juan A. Senent y Alejandro Rosillo
Ignacio Ellacuría hoy: cinco aproximaciones a su pensamiento filosófico
No full textThis research presents a study of five perspectives of analysis of the philosophical work of Ignacio Ellacuría, with the purpose of offering a general panorama that allows the deepening of his thought. It is started from the perspective offered by Antonio González, as one of the first systematizers of Ellacuría’s corpus, and then gives way to the interpretation elaborated by Héctor Samour, characterized by his vision of conti-nuity in each of the stages of Ellacuría’s philosophy. Then, the metaphysical reading proposed by Marcela Brito is studied in depth, followed by the perspective elaborated by José M. Romero-Cuevas, which is in direct relation with the critical theory and the one outlined by Juan A. Nicolás, in whose approach the role of truth and experience in Ellacuría’s mature philosophy stands out. It ends with the perspectives that analyze this author from the perspective of human rights, taking into account the contribu-tions of Juan A. Senent and Alejandro Rosillo.En esta investigación se presenta el estudio de cinco perspectivas de análisis de la obra filosófica de Ignacio Ellacuría, con la finalidad de ofrecer un panorama general, que permita profundizar en su pensamiento. Se parte de la perspectiva ofrecida por Anto-nio González, como uno de los primeros sistematizadores del corpus ellacuriano, para dar paso a la interpretación elaborada por Héctor Samour, caracterizada por su visión de continuidad en cada una de las etapas filosóficas de Ellacuría. Luego, se ahonda en la lectura metafísica propuesta por Marcela Brito; para posteriormente estudiar la perspectiva hecha por José M. Romero-Cuevas, la cual se encuentra en relación directa con la teoría crítica y las ideas de Juan A. Nicolás, en cuyo enfoque sobresale el papel de la verdad y la experiencia en la filosofía madura de Ellacuría. Para finalizar, se presentan las propuestas que analizan a este autor desde la óptica de los derechos humanos, tomando en cuenta los aportes de Juan A. Senent y Alejandro Rosillo
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