1,720,962 research outputs found
Fred Halliday, Rethinking international relations
No full textLaroche Josepha. Fred Halliday, Rethinking international relations. In: Revue française de science politique, 46ᵉ année, n°1, 1996. pp. 156-160
The socio-political asymmetry of an economic cooperation : the dominant establishment of the China State Construction & Engineering Corporation in Algeria
No full textCette thèse porte sur les rapports qu'entretient l'État algérien avec le conglomérat chinois, la CSCEC (China State Construction & Engineering Corporation), à travers l'étude des éléments politiques, économiques et sociaux qui les façonnent. Ces liens hétérogènes renvoient à la mobilisation d'une série d'acteurs locaux - gouvernement algérien, population, et entrepreneurs -, chinois - entreprises, ouvriers, autorités - et internationaux - bureaux d'études, professionnels du BTP. Notre recherche vise à décrypter les dynamiques stratégiques, opérationnelles et transactionnelles de ce fleuron de l'industrie chinoise de la construction en Algérie. Identifier les leviers mobilisés par ces acteurs afin d'optimiser la réussite de son internationalisation et la conquête du marché algérien constitue l'un des axes principaux de notre analyse. L'originalité de l'art combinatoire de ces atouts et l'adaptation continue aux contraintes locales nous aideront à comprendre davantage cette ascension. Enfin, nous verrons comment la défaillance institutionnelle caractérisant la gestion algérienne a permis à ce groupe chinois d'investir ces vides contribuant à approfondir l'asymétrie des rapports sino-algériens. Il s'agira d'explorer selon une démarche sociohistorique le processus de reconstruction à l'aune de cette recomposition des pouvoirs.This thesis focuses on the relationship between the Algerian state and the Chinese conglomerate, the CSCEC (China State Construction & Engineering Corporation), through the study of the political, economic and social ties that shape them. These heterogeneous links refer to the mobilization of a series of local actors - the Algerian government, population, and entrepreneurs -, the Chinese companies, workers, authorities - and the international design offices, and construction professionals. Our research aims to decipher the strategic, operational and transactional dynamics of this flagship of the Chinese construction industry in Algeria. One of the main axes of our analysis consists in identifying the levers mobilized by these actors in order to optimize the success of its internationalization and the conquest of the Algerian market. The originality of the art of combining these assets and the continuous adaptation to local constraints will help us to better understand this ascent. Finally, we will see how the institutional failure characterizing Algerian management allowed this Chinese group to invest in these voids contributing to accentuating the asymmetry of Sino-Algerian relations. It will be a question of exploring from a sociohistorical approach the process of reconstruction in the light of this recomposition of powers
Haiti, a State in disaster : the international management of the 12th January earthquake
No full textCette thèse est consacrée à la gestion transnationale du séisme survenu en Haïti le 12 janvier 2010. Fréquemment associé à la notion d’urgence complexe depuis le début des années deux mille, ce pays insulaire a accueilli à cette occasion un déploiement massif d’opérateurs externes et de dispositifs rationalisés d’assistance. La prise en charge de cette crise permet d’illustrer les effets contradictoires des logiques humanitaires tout en considérant le rôle ambivalent de l’État sinistré. Qualifié de défaillant ou fragile par les bailleurs de fonds, ce dernier reste de jure le premier responsable en vertu du principe de souveraineté. Pour autant, cette instance a connu un affaiblissement continu depuis la transition entamée à la chute du régime duvaliériste en 1986, à tel point que le pays est administré par un assemblage complexe d’acteurs à la veille du tremblement de terre. La catastrophe perturbe donc cette configuration en suscitant une mobilisation internationale sans précédent. Cette recherche propose d’explorer, selon une démarche socio-historique, l’interaction entre le traitement du désastre, la trajectoire spécifique de cette construction étatique et les modes contemporains de gouvernement d’un espace fragilisé et dépendant. Il s’agira également d’envisager le processus de reconstruction à l’aune de ces recompositions.This doctoral dissertation is dedicated to the transnational management of the 2010 Haitian earthquake. Since the beginning of the 2000s, Haiti has often been categorized as a complex emergency. The 12 January 2010 earthquake triggered again a massive deployment of external humanitarian operators and streamlined assistance in the island. This particular example of crisis management illustrates the contradictory effects of humanitarian assistance and underlines the ambivalent role of a disaster-affected State. Whereas donors may consider the Haitian State failed or fragile, it remains de jure the main responsible entity under the principle of national sovereignty. Yet, since the political transition following the fall of the Duvalier regime in 1986, the Haitian State has been continuously weakened, leaving the country in the hands of a complex network of multiple actors in charge. As such, the earthquake, and the unprecedented international mobilisation it triggered, also destabilized this particular configuration of power. From a socio-historical perspective, this doctoral research explores the interaction between disaster management mechanisms, the specific trajectory of the Haitian statebuilding process, and the contemporary modes of government of a dependent and weakened political space. Furthermore, the reconstruction process will be analyzed throughout those reconfigurations
Governing the ocean : non-state actors in the global management of overfishing
No full textSelon la FAO, plus de 30% des stocks mondiaux de poissons sont actuellement surexploités. C’est trois fois plus que dans les années 1970. Or, ces tendances sont d’ores et déjà aggravées par le changement climatique. À moyen terme, des modifications substantielles d’abondance et de répartition des espèces risquent non seulement d’avoir des répercussions graves en termes de sécurité alimentaire, mais aussi de générer de nouvelles conflictualités pour l’accès à ces ressources sauvages. Formulé pour la première fois en 1854 par le scientifique écossais John Cleghorn – soit douze ans avant que le mot écologie ne soit introduit par le biologiste allemand Ernst Haeckel –, le problème de la surpêche n’a véritablement commencé à attirer l’attention internationale qu’à partir des années 1990. S’il a, jusque-là, été éclipsé par des questions environnementales plus immédiates – à l’instar du spectaculaire trou dans la couche d’ozone –, il convient cependant de s’interroger sur les conditions d’émergence de ce risque dans la sphère politique et sur les réponses qui y sont apportées depuis. C’est à ces deux questions, intrinsèquement liées, que cette thèse tente d’apporter des réponses, en explorant plus particulièrement les interactions survenues entre les sphères scientifique et politique. À partir d’une immersion complète en ONG depuis 2015, ce travail formule en effet l’hypothèse que les savoirs ont joué un rôle prépondérant dans la trajectoire politique de ce problème environnemental. D’abord, du fait d’un changement dans l’échelle d’analyse, et, d’autre part, en raison d’un empowerment épistémique des acteurs impliqués dans les multiples processus politiques.According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, more than 30% of the world's fish stocks are currently overexploited. This is thrice the level in the 1970s, and these trends are being exacerbated by climate change. In the medium term, substantial changes in the abundance and distribution of species will not only have serious repercussions in terms of food security, but will also generate new conflicts over access to wild resources. First formulated in 1854 by Scottish scientist John Cleghorn -twelve years before the word ‘ecology’ was coined by German biologist Ernst Haeckel - the problem of overfishing only really began to attract international attention in the 1990s. Although it has so far been overshadowed by more immediate environmental issues -such as the spectacular hole in the ozone layer-, it is nonetheless worth examining the conditions under which this risk has emerged in the political sphere and its response to it. This thesis attempts to provide answers to these two intrinsically linked questions, by exploring historical and ongoing interactions between both the scientific and political spheres. Based on a complete immersion in an NGO since 2015, this work formulates the hypothesis that knowledge has played a predominant role in the political trajectory of this environmental problem. Firstly, because of a change in the scale of analysis; and secondly, because of an epistemic empowerment of the actors involved in multiple political processes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Le Nobel comme enjeu symbolique dans les relations internationales
No full textmore than that. As models of excellence and reference, constituting an elite, Nobel prize winners work at building an international community, a sort of "world republic" of the mind. Their authority having been consecrated by a ceremonial, they invest themselves with an international right to speak. Even if that resource is far from being devoid of a trade-off for the winners ― e.g. the very constricting grasp their public role has on their private life ― the Nobel prize is undoubtedly an element of the general movement of challenge to state monopoly. In putting forward its own norms, it sometimes even competes with states in their diplomatie activity : its action pertains to the transnationalization logic that now characterizes international relation.Initiative d'Alfred Nobel, la création à la fin du siècle dernier d'un prix international correspond à un projet individuel scientiste et philanthropique mais ne s'y résume pas. En effet, modèles d'excellence et de référence constituant une élite, les Nobel travaillent à construire une communauté internationale, sorte de «république mondiale» de l'esprit. Forts de leur autorité consacrée par un cérémonial, ils s'investissent d'un droit de parole internationale. C'est pourquoi, même si cette ressource est loin d'être sans contrepartie pour les lauréats ― comme en témoigne l'emprise très contraignante du rôle public sur la personne privée ―, le Nobel participe incontestablement du mouvement général de remise en cause du monopole étatique. En énonçant ses propres normes, il va parfois jusqu'à concurrencer les États dans leur activité diplomatique: son action s'inscrit donc dans la logique de transnationalisation qui caractérise à présent les relations internationales.Laroche Josepha. Le Nobel comme enjeu symbolique dans les relations internationales. In: Revue française de science politique, 44ᵉ année, n°4, 1994. pp. 599-628
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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