1,720,968 research outputs found
Transport stochastique de particules dans des matériaux désordonnés : au-delà de l’équation de Boltzmann
No full textHeterogeneous and disordered media emerges in several applications in nuclear science and engineering, especially in relation to neutron and photon propagation. Examples are widespread and concern for instance the double-heterogeneity of the fuel elements in pebble-bed reactors, or the assessment of re-criticality probability due to the random arrangement of fuel resulting from severe accidents. In this Thesis, we will investigate linear particle transport in random media. In the first part, we will focus on some mathematical models that can be used for the description of random media. Special emphasis will be given to stochastic tessellations, where a domain is partitioned into convex polyhedra by sampling random hyperplanes according to a given probability. Stochastic inclusions of spheres into a matrix will be also briefly introduced. A computer code will be developed in order to explicitly construct such geometries by Monte Carlo methods. In the second part, we will then assess the general features of particle transport within random media. For this purpose, we will consider some benchmark problems that are simple enough so as to allow for a thorough understanding of the effects of the random geometries on particle trajectories and yet retain the key properties of linear transport. Transport calculations will be realized by using the Monte Carlo particle transport code Tripoli4, developed at SERMA. The cases of quenched and annealed disorder models will be separately considered. In the former, an ensemble of geometries will be generated by using our computer code, and the transport problem will be solved for each configuration: ensemble averages will then be taken for the observables of interest. In the latter, effective transport model capable of reproducing the effects of disorder in a single realization will be investigated. The approximations of the annealed disorder models will be elucidated, and significant ameliorations will be proposed.Des milieux hétérogènes et désordonnés émergent dans plusieurs applications de la science et de l'ingénierie nucléaires, en particulier en ce qui concerne la propagation des neutrons et des photons. Les exemples sont très répandus et concernent par exemple la double hétérogénéité des éléments combustibles dans les réacteurs à lit de boulets ou l'évaluation de la probabilité de re-criticité suite aux arrangements aléatoires du combusitble résultant d'accidents graves. Dans cette thèse, nous étudierons le transport linéaire de particules dans des milieux aléatoires. Dans la première partie, nous nous concentrerons sur quelques modèles mathématiques qui peuvent être utilisés pour la description de matériaux aléatoires. Une attention particulière sera accordée aux tessellations stochastiques, où un domaine est partitionné en polyèdres convexes en échantillonnant des hyperplans aléatoires selon une probabilité donnée. Les inclusions stochastiques de sphères dans une matrice seront également brièvement introduites. Un code informatique sera développé afin de construire explicitement de telles géométries par des méthodes de Monte Carlo. Dans la deuxième partie, nous évaluerons ensuite les caractéristiques générales du transport de particules dans des milieux aléatoires. Pour ce faire, nous allons considérer quelques benchmarks assez simples pour permettre une compréhension approfondie des effets des géométries aléatoires sur les trajectoires de particules tout en conservant les propriétés clés du transport linéaire. Les calculs de transport seront réalisés en utilisant le code de transport de particules Monte Carlo Tripoli4, développé au SERMA. Les cas de modèles de désordre quenched et annealed seront considérés séparément. Dans le premier, un ensemble de géométries sera généré en utilisant notre code, et le problème de transport sera résolu pour chaque configuration: des moyennes d'ensemble seront alors prises pour les observables d'intérêt. Dans le second cas, un modèle de transport efficace capable de reproduire les effets du désordre dans une seule réalisation sera étudié. Les approximations des modèles annealed seront élucidées, et des améliorations significatives seront proposées
Transport stochastique de particules dans des matériaux désordonnés : au-delà de l’équation de Boltzmann
No full textHeterogeneous and disordered media emerges in several applications in nuclear science and engineering, especially in relation to neutron and photon propagation. Examples are widespread and concern for instance the double-heterogeneity of the fuel elements in pebble-bed reactors, or the assessment of re-criticality probability due to the random arrangement of fuel resulting from severe accidents. In this Thesis, we will investigate linear particle transport in random media. In the first part, we will focus on some mathematical models that can be used for the description of random media. Special emphasis will be given to stochastic tessellations, where a domain is partitioned into convex polyhedra by sampling random hyperplanes according to a given probability. Stochastic inclusions of spheres into a matrix will be also briefly introduced. A computer code will be developed in order to explicitly construct such geometries by Monte Carlo methods. In the second part, we will then assess the general features of particle transport within random media. For this purpose, we will consider some benchmark problems that are simple enough so as to allow for a thorough understanding of the effects of the random geometries on particle trajectories and yet retain the key properties of linear transport. Transport calculations will be realized by using the Monte Carlo particle transport code Tripoli4, developed at SERMA. The cases of quenched and annealed disorder models will be separately considered. In the former, an ensemble of geometries will be generated by using our computer code, and the transport problem will be solved for each configuration: ensemble averages will then be taken for the observables of interest. In the latter, effective transport model capable of reproducing the effects of disorder in a single realization will be investigated. The approximations of the annealed disorder models will be elucidated, and significant ameliorations will be proposed.Des milieux hétérogènes et désordonnés émergent dans plusieurs applications de la science et de l'ingénierie nucléaires, en particulier en ce qui concerne la propagation des neutrons et des photons. Les exemples sont très répandus et concernent par exemple la double hétérogénéité des éléments combustibles dans les réacteurs à lit de boulets ou l'évaluation de la probabilité de re-criticité suite aux arrangements aléatoires du combusitble résultant d'accidents graves. Dans cette thèse, nous étudierons le transport linéaire de particules dans des milieux aléatoires. Dans la première partie, nous nous concentrerons sur quelques modèles mathématiques qui peuvent être utilisés pour la description de matériaux aléatoires. Une attention particulière sera accordée aux tessellations stochastiques, où un domaine est partitionné en polyèdres convexes en échantillonnant des hyperplans aléatoires selon une probabilité donnée. Les inclusions stochastiques de sphères dans une matrice seront également brièvement introduites. Un code informatique sera développé afin de construire explicitement de telles géométries par des méthodes de Monte Carlo. Dans la deuxième partie, nous évaluerons ensuite les caractéristiques générales du transport de particules dans des milieux aléatoires. Pour ce faire, nous allons considérer quelques benchmarks assez simples pour permettre une compréhension approfondie des effets des géométries aléatoires sur les trajectoires de particules tout en conservant les propriétés clés du transport linéaire. Les calculs de transport seront réalisés en utilisant le code de transport de particules Monte Carlo Tripoli4, développé au SERMA. Les cas de modèles de désordre quenched et annealed seront considérés séparément. Dans le premier, un ensemble de géométries sera généré en utilisant notre code, et le problème de transport sera résolu pour chaque configuration: des moyennes d'ensemble seront alors prises pour les observables d'intérêt. Dans le second cas, un modèle de transport efficace capable de reproduire les effets du désordre dans une seule réalisation sera étudié. Les approximations des modèles annealed seront élucidées, et des améliorations significatives seront proposées
Contribution to the implementation of the unresolved resonance region in the new Monte Carlo code TRIPOLI-5
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALEL’evoluzione della ricerca nucleare ha assistito a notevoli progressi nella previsione degli esperimenti di criticità nucleare e di schermaggio. Il miglioramento delle valutazioni dei dati nucleari si è dimostrato essere un fattore chiave in questo sviluppo. Di conseguenza, è stata rivolta una rinnovata attenzione verso un dominio energetico che, sebbene riconosciuto come significativo e preminente per molte applicazioni, storicamente è stato scarsamente compreso: l’intervallo energetico non risolto.
Questa tesi presenta l’implementazione del metodo delle tavole di probabilità, un approccio specializzato progettato per affrontare adeguatamente le risonanze non risolte, al fine di modellare correttamente il fenomeno dell’autoschermo energetico, all’interno di TRIPOLI-5®, un codice Monte Carlo di nuova generazione in fase di sviluppo.
Inizialmente, viene presentata una dettagliata verifica e validazione dell’implementazione del metodo, utilizzando OpenMC come termine di confronto. La robustezza nel trattare la regione non risolta viene rigorosamente valutata con una vasta lista di isotopi, temperature e energie incidenti dei neutroni, con l’obiettivo di confermare l’ampia applicabilità del metodo.
Successivamente, il lavoro si concentra sull’innovativa implementazione nel codice di un formato alternativo delle tavole di probabilità. Questa introduzione offre una singolare opportunità per distinguere le differenze tra due interpretazioni dello stesso fenomeno all’interno dello stesso contesto di simulazione Monte Carlo. Viene poi intrapresa una fase di verifica e validazione, questa volta confrontando i risultati con TRIPOLI-4®, un codice Monte Carlo che utilizza lo stesso formato alternativo della tavole di probabilità.
Infine, viene effettuata una valutazione dell’influenza della regione delle risonanze non risolte sui calcoli di criticità. Ciò viene ottenuto eseguendo numerose simulazioni su una varietà di benchmarks. L’obiettivo è duplice: quantificare, in termini di ∆keff, gli effetti di una corretta gestione della regione delle risonanze non risolte e caratterizzare l’impatto derivante dall’uso di un formato di tavole rispetto all’altro.The evolution of nuclear research has witnessed substantial advancements in the prediction of nuclear criticality and shielding experiments. The improvement in nuclear data evaluations has been demonstrated to be a pivotal factor in this development. Consequently, renewed emphasis has been directed towards an energy domain that, although recognized as significant and prominent for many applications, has historically been inadequately understood: the unresolved energy range. This thesis introduces the implementation of the probability table method, a specialized approach designed to aptly address unresolved resonances, for properly modeling the energy self-shielding phenomenon, within the next-generation, under-development Monte Carlo code TRIPOLI-5®.
Initially, an extensive numerical verification of the method’s implementation, using OpenMC as a benchmark for comparison, is presented. The robustness of addressing the unresolved region is rigorously assessed across a diverse set of isotopes, temperatures, and neutron incident energies, aiming to confirm the broadness of the method’s applicability.
Subsequently, the work focuses on the innovative implementation of an alternative format of probability tables in the code. This introduction facilitates a unique opportunity to discern differences between two interpretations of the same phenomenon within a single Monte Carlo environment. A subsequent verification phase is undertaken, this time juxtaposing the results against TRIPOLI-4®, a Monte Carlo code that employs the same alternative probability table format.
Lastly, an evaluation of the influence of the unresolved resonance region on criticality calculations is performed. This is achieved by running extensive simulations on a variety of benchmarks. The objective is twofold: to quantify, in terms of ∆keff, the effects of an adept handling of the unresolved resonance region and to discern the impact stemming from the use of one table format over the other
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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