169,898 research outputs found
The building of an integrated patent system Europe: history and stakes
No full textIn this paper Alfredo Ilardi and Blandine Laperche retrace the history and evolution of an integrated patent system in Europe and explain this development through the collective and global character of the innovation process in a knowledge based economy. As the Genesis of innovation depends on international –and regional- links between several actors, integrated protection systems are also needed. The authors also analyze the difficulties of the harmonization process. Notably, in the case of the Community patent, technical difficulties and the political character of the protection of inventions are explained. To obtain better results in terms of innovation, it is necessary, according to the authors to link the reflection upon patent law harmonization with innovation policies and to transform innovation into a real European political priority.integrated patent system, Europe, history, stakes
La territorialisation de la recherche et de l’innovation orientation, programmation et coordination (The territorialisation of research and innovation orientation, planning and coordination)
No full textA l'heure actuelle, dans la mondialisation et la fluidité des marchés, les systèmes territoriaux de recherche et d’innovation appuient l’intégration des entreprises de grande et de petite tailles dans la compétition internationale. L'attractivité des investissements, étrangers et nationaux, découle en effet des politiques conjoncturelles (exonérations fiscales, subvention) mais aussi et surtout des politiques structurelles (infrastructures, offre de qualifications et de compétences particulières, tissu économique dynamique). Le rapport de force qui s'instaure entre Etats et collectivités territoriales autour de la recherche est primordial dans la mise en place d'un programme de recherche qui soit bénéfique aux acteurs locaux. Globalement, au niveau national, le programme de recherche qui se dessine par le biais de ces rapports de forces multiples peut souffrir, par manque de coordination, d'une certaine illisibilité. Ceci peut être préjudiciable aux objectifs d’excellence scientifique et de compétitivité. In the current globalisation and fluidity of markets, the territorial systems of research and innovation support the integration of big and small sized enterprises in the international competition. As a matter of fact, the attractiveness of international and national investments ensues from macroeconomic policies (tax reduction, subsidies) but above all from economic change policies (infrastructures, supply of specific competencies and qualifications, dynamic economic milieu). The relation of power that is built between the State and the local authorities on research is major for the definition of a research program that will benefit to local actors. Globally, at the national level, the research program that is drawn by these multiple relations of power may appear as fuzzy, due to a lack of coordination. This may be detrimental to the objectives of scientific excellence and of competitiveness.territorialisation, research, innovation orientation, planning and coordination
industrial property rights and innovation in China droits de propriete industrielle et innovation en Chine
No full textLa progression du marché en Chine depuis la politique d’ouverture menée par Deng Xiaoping est allée de pair avec la définition de règles et de lois visant à encadrer l’activité de création scientifique et technique, c'est-à-dire de règles de respect de la propriété intellectuelle. Les années 1980 et 1990 ont été celles du rattrapage en matière de propriété intellectuelle, dans la mesure où ce pays s’est doté d’un cadre juridique comparable à celui des pays industriels en adoptant l’ensemble des accords internationaux signés dans ce domaine. Notre objectif est de mettre au jour les conséquences de l’adoption de ce cadre juridique. En particulier, quels en sont les impacts sur l’innovation chinoise ? Est-ce un moyen de favoriser l’investissement local et donc de stimuler l’innovation « endogène » ? Ou bien le respect des règles internationales en matière de propriété intellectuelle et plus particulièrement industrielle (nous nous centrons ici principalement sur le rôle des brevets) a-t-il pour conséquence première de favoriser l’investissement international en Chine ? Nous soulignons dans ce document l’intérêt que constitue une approche systémique du processus d’innovation. Celle-ci découle non pas de la prise en compte d’un seul paramètre - si important soit-il (par exemple le cadre légal de la propriété intellectuelle) - pour expliquer les résultats en termes d’innovation, mais de l’ensemble du fonctionnement du système national d’innovation y compris, dans un contexte de globalisation, ses relations avec les autres systèmes nationaux d’innovation. The market-oriented policy implemented by Deng Xiaoping since the end of the 1970s has led to the determination of laws ruling scientific and technical creation, i.e intellectual property rules. During the 1980s and 1990s, China developed a legal framework of intellectual property (IP) meeting international standards. Our aim in this paper is to discuss the consequences of the implementation of this legal framework. In particular, what are the impacts on Chinese innovation? Is it, as expected by the Chinese government but also as often stressed in the literature on innovation, a way to boost domestic investment and hence endogenous innovation? Or is the implementation of these international rules favouring first and foremost foreign investment in China, as also expected by the Chinese government? This paper supports the idea of the role of a systemic approach to the innovation process as well as the weakness of a too simplistic approach that would consist in linking the IP legal framework to the results in terms of innovation.industrial property rights, innovation, China
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
A 0.12mm<sup>2</sup> Wien-Bridge Temperature Sensor with 0.1°C (3σ) Inaccuracy from -40°C to 180°C
No full text Resistor-based temperature sensors can achieve much higher resolution and energy efficiency than conventional BJT-based sensors [1], but they typically occupy more area (> 0.25 mm 2 ) and have lower operating temperatures (le 125 {circ} {C}) [2]-[4]. This work describes a 0.12mm 2 resistor-based sensor that uses a Wien-bridge (WB) filter to achieve 0.1 {circ} {C} (3 sigma) inaccuracy from - 40 {circ} {C} to 180 {circ} {C}. Compared to a state-of-the-art WB sensor [4], it occupies 6 × less area and achieves comparable relative accuracy over a 76% wider operating range. Session 10.3 Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic InstrumentationMicroelectronic
A ±25A Versatile Shunt-Based Current Sensor with 10kHz Bandwidth and ±0.25% Gain Error from -40°C to 85°C Using 2-Current Calibration
No full textAccurate current sensing is critical in many industrial applications, such as battery management and motor control. Precise shunt-based current sensors have been reported with gain errors of less than 1% over the industrial temperature range (-40°C to 85°C) [1]–[4]. However, since they are intended for coulomb counting, their bandwidth is limited to a few tens of Hz, making them unsuitable for battery impedance or motor-current sensing. This paper presents a current sensor with a wide (10kHz) bandwidth and a tunable temperature compensation scheme (TCS), which allows it to be flexibly used with different types of shunts while maintaining high accuracy. A low-cost room-temperature calibration scheme is proposed to optimize gain flatness over temperature by exploiting the shunt's self-heating at large currents. Over the industrial temperature range and a ±25A current range, it achieves state-of-the-art gain error (±0.25%) with both low-cost PCB and stable metal-alloy shunts.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic InstrumentationMicroelectronic
Biomarcadores y complicaciones relacionadas con el trasplante haploidéntico de progenitores hematopoyéticos con ciclofosfamida postrasplante
No full textEl trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos (alo-TPH) supone el
tratamiento curativo para diferentes patologías hematológicas. No todos los pacientes
disponen de un donante HLA idéntico, por lo que el uso del alo-TPH haploidéntico con
ciclofosfamida postrasplante (Cy-post) ha supuesto una opción alternativa óptima que permite
que casi todos los pacientes dispongan de donante. En este contexto, el conocimiento de las
peculiaridades de esta plataforma de trasplante, así como la detección de diferentes
biomarcadores que permitan predecir la aparición de complicaciones postrasplante son
esenciales para optimizar y personalizar el tratamiento de estos pacientes. El síndrome de
liberación de citocinas (SLC) es una complicación casi exclusiva del alo-TPH haploidéntico
secundario a la interaccionan los linfocitos T alorreactivos del donante con los tejidos del
receptor. Además, en los últimos años se han descrito diferentes biomarcadores que se han
relacionado con la aparición de enfermedad injerto contra receptor (EICR), resistencia al
tratamiento esteroideo y mortalidad tóxica relacionada con el trasplante (MRT). Tres de los
biomarcadores más estudiados en otras plataformas de trasplante son la elafina, el ST2 y el
REG3α. En esta Tesis Doctoral hemos analizado el SLC y los biomarcadores descritos
previamentes en la cohorte más larga de trasplantes haploidénticos con Cy-post descritas
hasta el momento. Se ha realizado la misma mediante la modalidad de compendio de
artículos, que incluye los siguientes trabajos:
Artículo 1: Solán L, Landete E, Bailén R, Dorado N, Oarbeascoa G, Anguita J, Díez-Martín JL,
Kwon M. Cytokine release syndrome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with
posttransplant cyclophosphamide. Hematol Oncol. 2020 Oct;38(4):597-603. doi:
10.1002/hon.2772.
Artículo 2: Solán L, Kwon M, Carbonell D, Dorado N, Balsalobre P, Serrano D, Chicano-Lavilla
M, Anguita J, Gayoso J, Díez-Martín JL, Martínez-Laperche C, Buño I. ST2 and REG3α as
Predictive Biomarkers After Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation Using Posttransplantation
High-Dose Cyclophosphamide. Front Immunol. 2019 Oct 9;10:2338. doi:
10.3389/fimmu.2019.02338.
Artículo 3: Solán L, Carbonell D, Muñiz P, Dorado N, Landete E, Chicano-Lavilla M, Anguita J,
Gayoso J, Kwon M, Díez-Martín JL, Martínez-Laperche C, Buño I. Elafin as a Predictive
Biomarker of Acute Skin Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Haploidentical Stem Cell
Transplantation Using Post-Transplant High-Dose Cyclophosphamide. Front Immunol. 2021
Feb 19;12:516078. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.516078
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