102,018 research outputs found
Compiti a casa. Riflessioni per un cambiamento possibile
No full textI compiti a casa sono un tema di costante discussione tra gli insegnanti e le famiglie. L'articolo offre una riflessione sulla situazione esistente e spunti per un dibattito documentato e consapevole che porti a compiere scelte motivate. Alla base di tali scelte, in particolare, dovrebbe esserci la consapevolezza che il benessere e la crescita dello studente devono essere oggetto di interrogazione da parte degli insegnanti e non ridursi a mero svolgimento di prassi abitudinarie
Entry-timing strategies: The road ahead
No full textWe argue that, despite significant progress, the extant entry timing literature still suffers from several shortcomings and, in particular, it fails to integrate into a coherent and integrative framework the latest findings from contiguous management literature streams. We propose that entry timing literature can be significantly enriched and its predictive power enhanced by incorporating insights from institutional theory, industry life-cycle, categorical dynamics, and by further elaborating on the implications of these theories for the firms' entry timing decisions. Our review also suggests that our understanding of early movers advantages can be improved by considering more explicitly the strategies and business models pursued by later entrants
Graves disease: latest understanding of pathogenesis and treatment options
No full textGraves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas. The main responsible mechanism is related to autoantibodies that bind and activate the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). Although Graves hyperthyroidism is relatively common, no causal treatment options are available. Established treatment modalities are antithyroid drugs, which reduce thyroid hormone synthesis, radioactive iodine and surgery. However, emerging drugs that target the main autoantigen (monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, peptides) or block the immune pathway have been recently tested in clinical trials. Graves disease can involve the thyroid exclusively or it can be associated with extrathyroidal manifestations, among which Graves orbitopathy is the most common. The presence of Graves orbitopathy can change the management of the disease. An established treatment for moderate-to-severe Graves orbitopathy is intravenous glucocorticoids. However, recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of Graves orbitopathy have allowed the development of new target-based therapies by blocking pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors, lymphocytic infiltration or the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), with several clinical trials providing promising results. This article reviews the new discoveries in the pathogenesis of Graves hyperthyroidism and Graves orbitopathy that offer several important tools in disease management
Product technology imitation over the product diffusion cycle: Which companies and product innovations do competitors imitate more quickly?
No full textWe contribute to the imitation literature by shedding light on product imitation dynamics over the market evolution, a hitherto-overlooked level of analysis. First, we introduce product diffusion within a more integrative theory of product imitation. Second, we investigate the time to imitation of a new product technology: our baseline hypothesis is that the time to imitation decreases as the product diffusion in the market increases. Third, we extend our prediction by differentiating by the type of innovator—i.e., the market leader and a member of the same strategic group—and by the type of product technology—i.e., functionality-defining technologies and substitute technologies. We hypothesize that, over the product diffusion cycle, product technologies launched by market leaders are copied more quickly than ones launched by non-market leader firms; product technologies launched by members of a focal firm's own strategic group are copied more quickly than ones launched by outsiders; and substitute technologies are copied more quickly than functionality-defining technologies. We test our hypotheses in the context of the UK mobile phone industry, by exploiting a unique database on twenty-two product innovations introduced by thirteen mobile handset manufacturers between 1997 and 2008. The model estimations provide support for most of our hypotheses
Antioxidant Therapy in Graves’ Orbitopathy
No full textThe balance of the cell redox state is a key point for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation leads to oxidative damage of tissues, which is involved in the development of several diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Graves’ Orbitopathy (GO) is a disfiguring autoimmune-related condition associated with Graves’ Disease (GD). Patients with active, moderate-to-severe GO, are generally treated with high doses intravenous glucocorticoids (ivGCs) and/or orbital radiotherapy. On the contrary, up to recently, local ointments were the treatment most frequently offered to patients with mild GO, because the risks related to ivGCs does not justify the relatively poor benefits expected in mild GO. However, a medical treatment for these patients is heavily wanted, considering that GO can progress into more severe forms and also patients with mild GO complain with an impairment in their quality of life. Thus, based on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of GO, a therapy with antioxidant agents has been proposed and a number of studies have been performed, both in vitro and in vivo, which is reviewed here
The digitalization of physical reality: Theoretical lenses to incorporate digitalization into management research
No full textThe management literature has recently witnessed a considerable escalation of research around the implications of digitalization for firms and their environment. Yet, the conceptualization of the construct of digitalization remains elusive at best. In this chapter, we develop a taxonomy of the outcomes of the digitalization of physical reality, and of the interaction amongst digitalized units of physical reality. We maintain that these taxonomies may enhance the scope for combining extant research in integrative frameworks as well as informing management research that links digitalization and its agency in a more systematic way
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