1,720,984 research outputs found
STT-MTJ Based Smart Implication for Energy-Efficient Logic-in-Memory Computing
No full textSpin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junction (STT-MTJ) technology is an attractive solution for designing non-volatile Logic-in-Memory (LIM) architectures. This work explores a smart material implication (SIMPLY) LIM scheme based on nanoscale STT-MTJs. The SIMPLY architecture is benchmarked against the conventional material implication (IMPLY) logic. Obtained results prove that for similar performance the STT-MTJ based SIMPLY scheme ensures more reliable operation (i.e., lower error rate by more than three orders of magnitude) and an energy saving of -70% than its IMPLY counterpart, at the only cost of minimal area overhead
An Ultralow-Voltage Energy-Efficient Level Shifter
Full text linkThis brief presents an energy-efficient level shifter (LS) able to convert extremely low level input voltages to the nominal voltage domain. To obtain low static power consumption, the proposed architecture is based on the single-stage differential-cascode-voltage-switch scheme. Moreover, it exploits self-adapting pull-up networks to increase the switching speed and to reduce the dynamic energy consumption, while a split input inverting buffer is used as the output stage to further improve energy efficiency. When implemented in a commercial 180-nm CMOS process, the proposed design can up-convert from the deep subthreshold regime (sub-100 mV) to the nominal supply voltage (1.8 V). For the target voltage level conversion from 0.4 to 1.8 V, our LS exhibits an average propagation delay of 31.7 ns, an average static power of less than 60 pW, and an energy per transition of 173 fJ, as experimentally measured across the test chips
Assessment of InAs/AlGaSb Tunnel-FET Virtual Technology Platform for Low-Power Digital Circuits
Full text linkIn this work, a complementary InAs/Al0.05Ga0.95Sb
tunnel field-effect-transistor (TFET) virtual technology platform
is benchmarked against the projection to the CMOS FinFET
10-nm node, by means of device and basic circuit simulations.
The comparison is performed in the ultralow voltage regime
(below 500 mV), where the proposed III–V TFETs feature
ON-current levels comparable to scaled FinFETs, for the same
low-operating-power OFF-current. Due to the asymmetrical
n- and p-type I–Vs, trends of noise margins and performances
are investigated for different Wp/Wn ratios. Implications of the
device threshold voltage variability, which turned out to be
dramatic for steep slope TFETs, are also addressed
Variability-Aware Analysis of Hybrid MTJ/CMOS Circuits by a Micromagnetic-Based Simulation Framework
No full textMagnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are attracting an increasing interest due to their potentiality for high-density nonvolatile memories. However, some issues need to be opportunely considered in the design and optimization of hybrid MTJ/CMOS circuits, such as the stochastic nature of the MTJ switching, the high write energy consumption and the susceptibility to process variations. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of both MTJ and CMOS variability on the performance of basic hybrid MTJ/CMOS circuits in state-of-the-art nanoscale technologies. To this purpose, we exploit a simulation framework combining micromagnetic and electrical simulations. Full micromagnetic simulations are used to predict the MTJ behavior in terms of magnetoresistance-current hysteresis loop and statistical distribution of the switching delay as a function of the applied current. Those data are used to set up a look-up-table-based MTJ Verilog-A model to be used in commercial electrical simulators. Considering an MTJ with a diameter of 30 nm and a 28-nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology, we have exploited the above simulation framework to perform a variability-aware analysis on the write operation of a 1-MTJ writing circuit for nonvolatile flip-flops and a 256 x 256 STT-MRAM array. Our results show that the voltage scaling can be a promising approach for energy minimization in hybrid MTJ/CMOS circuits at the expense of larger area
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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