1,720,970 research outputs found
Die Sprache und der Binnenmarkt im Europa der EU: Eine kleine Beziehungsaufstellung in 10 Punkten = Language and Internal Market in the Europe of the EU: How they relate to each other in 10 short Points. EDAP 1/2005
Get PDF“Language and Markets” is the topic of this article, which examines their relationship in ten short points. Specifically, it addresses the interrelationship between res publica (the state), lingua (the language) and forum (the market). The establishment of both the res publica and the forum has often led to a decrease in linguistic diversity. At least, this is true if one considers the building of nation states. However, the same does not apply to European reality, despite the fact that the EU has succeeded in establishing an efficient forum and a common res publica. The article goes on to explore the general state of the phenomena of linguae, both in the European res publicae and in the European forum. It then explores the legal implications for national language policies when confronted with the four market freedoms in the European forum in detail. It concludes that the European forum does not seriously threaten European linguistic diversity, since a considerable degree of flexibility exists. In this respect the European res publica can learn from the European forum since the the former includes 20 official languages and preaches a rigid language system which will need some adaptation without putting linguistic diversity at risk. The author ends by stating that in the context of the very specific European “demoicracy” (a intertwined set of many democracies), market forces will not bring about the end of Europe’s linguistic diversity. Rather Europe will continue to offer a combination of a rather unique degree of economic unity with a rather unique degree of linguistic diversity
The Debate on European Values and the Case of Cultural Diversity. EDAP 1/2004
Get PDF‘Values’ have become a topic of discussion at the European level. This article tries to briefly track the reasons for this phenomenon as well as to detangle the foggy notion of ‘values’ in this context. The author differentiates between founding values, European ideas and common legal principles. All these different forms of European values differ in their respective legal and political character. Most importantly, they require a different level of European conformity. Special emphasis is given to the value of cultural diversity which can be considered, at most, a ‘self-restrictive’ value since it can be perceived from an inclusive perspective (including diversity within the states) or from an exclusive perspective (diversity amongst the states). Placing too much emphasis on the inclusive reading endangers the exclusive reading, and vice versa. In this context, the author refers to the new constitutional motto of the European Union as proposed by the constitutional treaty. Unlike the situation in Indonesia and South Africa (which both use the same motto) it does not seem to address subnational diversity. Instead, "united in diversity" aims at protecting national identities against excessive integration,and thus seems the very opposite of the US constitutional motto of "E pluribus unum"
Wahlgesetzgebung und ihre Auswirkung auf die Vertretung von Minderheiten: Die Kärntner Landtagswahlordnung im europäischen Vergleich. = Electoral legislation and its impact on the representation of minorities: the Carinthian state election policy compared to the European. European Diversity and Autonomy Papers. EDAP 1/2009
Get PDFThis article compares the electoral law for the Carinthian Assembly with electoral laws of other European realities. The focus is on the impact of these laws on the representation of minorities in the respectively elected bodies. The author looks into the question of whether measures for the effective participation of minorities in public and political life are requested not only because of democratic but also legal considerations regarding the principle of equality. The article ends with suggestions on how the Carinthian legislator could reform the electoral law in order to allow for the representation of the Slovene minority
Five Years of Constitutional Jurisprudence in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A First Balance. EDAP 7/2004
Get PDFThe article reflects the experiences of the author after having served as one of the three international judges of the Constitutional Court of BiH from 1997 to 2002. Based on the relevant case-law of the Constitutional Court it gives a basic overview of the constitutional structure of BiH and analyses the position of the Court vis-à-vis other institutions established under the Dayton-Agreement and the powers of judicial review and human rights protection based on its appellate jurisdiction. Moreover means of interpretation and the elements of constitutional doctrine elaborated through case-law as well as organisational and procedural matters such as the role of dissenting opinions are discussed. In conclusion the article reflects the role of the Constitutional Court in transition from an ethnically divided and war-torn society to democracy and the effective protection of human and minority rights
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The European Convention on Human Rights and the Protection of the Roma as a Controversial Case of Cultural Diversity. EDAP 5/2004
Get PDFThe Roma are often the victims of systemic discrimination which is closely related to the prejudices against them and their particular way of life, their own minority identity. When studying to what extent the Roma and their own way of life are protected on the basis of individual human rights in the European Convention on Human Rights, it becomes clear that slowly but surely the European Court of Human Rights acknowledges the vulnerable position of the Roma and their concomitant need of special protection. While significant developments have taken place concerning the preliminary issues of non-discrimination and the protection of physical integrity, the actual protection concerning language rights or educational rights is still rather meagre. Nevertheless, the gradual emergence of a right to an own way of life for Roma and the ensuing positive state obligations might very well enhance the latter incipient protection. The overall tendency of the latest judgements of the Court is to increasingly restrict the margin of appreciation of states, also in the sensitive domain of minority protection
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