1,720,968 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Nitric oxide and phytohormones interaction in the response of the rice root to toxic metals
No full textTo deal with environmental challenges, plants must rely on a sophisticated and tightly regulated defense system to protect cells/tissues/organs in close contact with the stressor. Under stress conditions, changes in the intracellular content and distribution of phytohormones such as auxins and brassinosteroids, are critical in modulating morphogenic responses that eventually lead to adaptation. In addition, increasing evidence indicates that hormones often interact with other endogenous molecules, originating complex signaling cascades which ensure the fast and efficient perception of the stress signal [1]. Among these signaling molecules, the gaseous nitrogen monoxide (nitric oxide – NO) is ubiquitous in plant systems and is involved in a plethora of mechanisms ranging from development to resistance and defense to biotic and abiotic stresses. Depending on its cellular levels, NO protects plants from the stress-induced oxidative damage either by directly reacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) or by increasing the enzymatic or non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. In addition, by chaining the structure of target proteins through S-nitrosylation, NO can influence their activities and cellular functions, ultimately leading to the plant response [2]. Through the employment of pharmacological and genetic approaches in different plant species, it has been demonstrated that NO and auxins or brassinosteroids strongly interact at multiple, diversified levels during the regulation of plant developmental processes, such as during root organogenesis [1]. However, the complex mechanisms underlying NO action in interacting with auxins or brassinosteroids, during pollutant stress responses are still poorly understood and need to be better investigated, especially in the root system, which is the first plant organ system to be exposed to soil pollution. Cadmium (Cd) and Arsenic (As) are toxic pollutants often found in contaminated soils with an adverse impact on food security by reducing crop yields and by making food unsafe for consumption. Oryza sativa L. (rice), being one of the most consumed food in the world, constitutes an important source of potential Cd or As contamination, since it is often grown in contaminated paddy fields [3]. In this sense, increasing the knowledge of the mechanisms through which plants cope with stress conditions will help to create correct agricultural practices aimed at increasing food security to meet the world’s growing demand for food. The aim of the study was to evaluate if exogenous supplementations with a specific NO-donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) mitigate Cadmium (Cd) or Arsenic (As) in the root system of rice seedlings grown in vitro as well as to understand if the molecule interacts with auxins or brassinosteroids during the root stress response. Our results show that exogenous treatments with SNP mitigate the inhibition of the rice root system induced by Cd, but not that induced by As, through an increase of the intracellular NO levels. Also, SNP treatments restore the root IAA distribution monitored by the OsDR5::GUS system altered by both the pollutants, highlighting an interaction between NO and auxin. In addition, exogenous brassinosteroid treatments strongly increase the root endogenous NO levels, reduced by As, and the transcript of OsNOS1, a gene involved in NO biosynthesis suggesting that NO acts downstream of the hormone signal. However, the brassinosteroid-mediated increase of NO does not result in a better morpho/histological response of the root system to the pollutant. In animal systems, NO has been shown to influence key aspects of epigenetic regulation that include histone posttranslational modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNA levels, up to being considered the new architect of epigenetic landscapes. There is evidence that NO may be a similar key regulator of epigenetic modifications also in plants [4]. In this sense, further analyses are needed to better evaluate the nature of the NO role in the adaptative response of the root system to Cd and As.
The research is supported by Progetti Ateneo Sapienza University of Rome, grant number: RM1221815D29A54
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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