1,721,194 research outputs found
Continental climate and ocean circulation change during the Pliocene-Pleistocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation
No full textThe overall aim of this thesis, comprising three main chapters, is to investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of climate change across the Pliocene-Pleistocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (iNHG) through the application of geochemical techniques to sediment cores with high rates of accumulation from the North Atlantic Ocean. Chapter 3 assesses the origin of sediment colour cycles at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1313 (41°N, 3.4 km water depth) that show a remarkable correlation with global climate variability over the past 5 million years. The work presented shows that these cycles are controlled by variations in %CaCO3 driven by eolian dust deposition from North America not CaCO3 dissolution (the classic interpretation). Observed change at the secular timescale in a proxy record for dust accumulation from this site is consistent with wetter-than-modern conditions on North America during the warm early Pliocene. Chapter 4 presents a record of the Nd isotope composition of the deep North Atlantic (Site U1313) between 3.3 and 2.4 Ma, measured on fish debris. This represents the first orbitally resolved record of variations in water mass mixing in this region across iNHG derived using a quasi-conservative proxy. In contrast to existing benthic foraminiferal ?13C records, the Site U1313 dataset provides evidence for large glacial incursions of southern sourced water masses to the deep North Atlantic Ocean through iNHG. An important role for Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability in amplifying glacial-interglacial cycles during this interval is inferred. Chapter 5 presents new, sub-orbitally resolved, palaeoceanographic records (Nd isotope, benthic ?18O, benthic ?13C and ice rafted debris) spanning the key Early Pleistocene glacial Marine Isotope Stage 100 (2.52 Ma) from sites situated in the deep (Site U1313, 3.4 km water depth) and intermediate (Ocean Drilling Program Site 981, 2.2 km water depth) North Atlantic. In contrast to Late Pleistocene records, Site U1313 Nd isotope measurements reveal no evidence for shoaling of North Atlantic deep water beyond the background glacial state during sub-orbital ice rafting events. At Site 981, Nd isotopes demonstrate the continuous influence of Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW). High frequency variability in benthic ?13C at this site therefore records the changing composition of ISOW, suggesting that Dansgaard-Oeschger paced climate variability was a feature of the high northern latitudes during MIS 100 even when such variability is not expressed in deep-ocean overturning at Site U1313. Together these results provide significant insights into Pliocene-Pleistocene climate and ocean circulation change, and overturn several existing paradigms. In contrast to previous interpretations of benthic ?13C records (from which northern sourced deep water was inferred to have dominated the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene Atlantic), new Nd isotope records reveal incursions of southern sourced water, including during key glacial intervals across iNHG. These previously unobserved changes in North Atlantic overturning were likely an important feedback on atmospheric carbon dioxide decline during iNHG. Further, evidence against a Pliocene “superconveyer” helps to reconcile the paleoclimate record with numerical model expectations of future climate change. Finally the work highlights the advantages to complementing traditional palaeoclimatic/palaeoceanographic proxies with high-resolution radiogenic isotope records
Replication Data for:Did Ohio's Vaccine Lottery Increase Vaccination Rates? A Pre-Registered, Synthetic Control Study
No full textOvercoming vaccine hesitancy is critical to containing the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. To increase vaccination rates, the State of Ohio launched a million-dollar lottery sweepstakes in May 2021. Following a pre-registered analysis, we estimate the effects of Ohio's lottery program Vax-a-Million on COVID-19 vaccination rates by comparing it to a "synthetic control" made up of a weighted composite of eight other states. We find a not statistically significant 1.3 percentage point decrease in the full vaccination rate in Ohio relative to the synthetic control. We investigate the robustness of our conclusion to model specifications through a multiverse analysis of 216 possible models, including longer time periods and alternative vaccination measures. The majority (88%) find small negative effects in line with the results of our pre-registered model. Our models do not allow for a firm conclusion on whether the lottery increased or decreased vaccine uptake
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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