1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Design and synthesis of self-adjuvanted glycoconjugate vaccine candidates
No full textLes vaccins glycoconjugués sont efficaces, bien tolérés et consistent en la conjugaison de polysaccharides de surface bactériens (PS) sur une protéine porteuse, permettant l'induction d'anticorps dirigés contre l'antigène glucidique grâce au recrutement de lymphocytes T CD4+. Cependant, le processus actuel de production de ces glycoconjugués conduit à la génération de glycoconjugués mal définis menant à une antigénicité́ variable. En effet, la longueur du PS, le rapport protéine porteuse/PS et la chimie de conjugaison ont été établis comme des facteurs clés ayant un impact direct sur la réponse immunitaire (RI). De plus, on suppose depuis longtemps que les sites auxquels le PS est lié à la protéine porteuse peuvent également avoir un impact. Ainsi, l’importance du caractère homogène du glycoconjugué́ sur la réponse immunitaire peut maintenant être abordé grâce à une combinaison d'outils moléculaires tels que la mutagenèse dirigée, l'incorporation d'acides aminés non canonique (ncAA) et des stratégies de conjugaison bioorthogonales. Cette thèse vise également à évaluer l'efficacité́ de la co-délivrance des composants du vaccin en liant de manière covalente l’adjuvant et le glycoconjugué́. Notre modèle d’étude ciblant Streptococcus pneumoniae, un polysaccharide synthétique mimant la capsule du sérotype 14 (Pn14PS) est utilisé́ comme antigène glucidique. Deux approches sont proposées : la première utilise une protéine hautement conservée appelée adhésine de surface pneumococcique A (PsaA), tandis que la seconde utilise la flagelline dérivée de Salmonella enterica (FliC) qui agit à la fois comme protéine porteuse et adjuvant en activant la signalisation du récepteur Toll-like 5 (TLR5). Profitant de l'absence de cystéine dans PsaA et FliC, jusqu'à quatre résidus ont été mutés en cystéines pour être ensuite conjugués à Pn14PS en utilisant la chimie de couplage thiol-maléimide. Les sites de conjugaison sont ciblés de manière stratégique pour étudier l'impact de la connectivité́ sur la réponse humorale induite et pour éviter toute interférence antigénique avec les épitopes B propres à S. enterica. L'incorporation d’un ncAA a été réalisée pour lier le glycoconjugué́ élaboré́ à partir de PsaA à un adjuvant pour déterminer l'impact de la co-délivrance des deux entités sur la RI.Glycoconjugate vaccines are effective, well tolerated and consist of the conjugation of bacterial surface polysaccharides (PS) to a carrier protein, allowing the induction of antibodies directed against the carbohydrate antigen through the recruitment of CD4+ T lymphocytes. However, the current process for producing these glycoconjugates leads to the generation of ill-defined glycoconjugates leading to variable antigenicitý. Indeed, PS length, carrier protein/PS ratio and conjugation chemistry have been established as key factors with a direct impact on the immune response (IR). In addition, it has long been assumed that the sites at which the PS is bound to the carrier protein may also have an impact. Thus, the importance of the homogeneity of the glycoconjugaté on the immune response can now be addressed through a combination of molecular tools such as site-directed mutagenesis, non-canonical amino acid (ncAA) incorporation and bioorthogonal conjugation strategies. This thesis also aims to evaluate the efficacý of co-delivery of vaccine components by covalently binding the adjuvant and the glycoconjugate. As our study model targets Streptococcus pneumoniae, a synthetic polysaccharide mimicking the serotype 14 capsule (Pn14PS) is used́ as a carbohydrate antigen. Two approaches are proposed: the first uses a highly conserved protein called pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA), while the second uses Salmonella enterica derived flagellin (FliC), which acts as both carrier and adjuvant protein by activating Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) signaling. Taking advantage of the absence of cysteines in PsaA and FliC, up to four residues were mutated to cysteines and then conjugated to Pn14PS using thiol-maleimide coupling chemistry. Conjugation sites are strategically targeted to study the impact of́ connectivity on the induced humoral response and to avoid antigenic interference with S. enterica-specific B epitopes. The incorporation of an ncAA was carried out to link the glycoconjugaté elaborated́ from PsaA to an adjuvant targeting MAIT cells to determine the impact of antigen and adjuvant co-delivery to the IR
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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