1,720,998 research outputs found
This is My Playground
No full textiv, 27 p.This paper examines the ways in which gender affects play, leisure, and friend making. It explores the synthesis of gender identity and development theory and how these theories come into play at camp. An in depth look is given at previous literature regarding gender and play. Furthermore, the paper examines the forces of socialization, and how they affect gender and play at camp. The author argues that there are four main sources of gender socialization that are apparent at camp: self-socialization, parents, technology, and peers. Next, the role of hegemonic masculinity, or the social construct that enforces gender norms and values masculinity over femininity, is evaluated. The author maintains that hegemonic masculinity leads to patrolling of gender norms, particularly when a gender transgression occurs. Finally, the author reviews previous suggestions on ways camps can support gender development, and evaluate the extent to which Camp EH followed these suggestions
Caging the Underclass : America and Mass Imprisonment
No full textv, 74 p.The prison population in the United States has skyrocketed at a rate no comparable nation can match. In light of this unprecedented growth, this project explores how a host of factors have contributed to immense disparities within prisons along lines of race and class particularly. The author proposes that specific practices such as race and class based profiling, and the rural imprisonment of the urban poor have led to these disparities, prison privatization and the prison industrial complex have had specific but generally small effects, and the popular image of the prisoner particularly has contributed to the vast disparities along lines of race and class. Finally, the author outlines the consequences of this growth and disparity, as well as the manner in which it continues to persist. In order to explore each of these facets, the author reviews the body of literature that has been influential to contemporary scholarship with regards to prisons and punishment. As a result, the author has found that popular conceptions of the typical criminal are used as a method of justifying the race and class-based practices and policies that lead to the imprisonment of poor minorities. Subsequently, control of the lower classes in America is effectively gained for the express purposes of those in power
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Healthy Identity Formation : Young Women and Youth Programs
No full textv, 43 p.Female adolescents today attempt to form their identities in the face of violence, oppression, and a culture that promotes the sexual victimization of women. Without organizations committed to assisting girls in the process of developing healthy identities, young women in the United States will suffer. This paper characterizes quality youth programs as those that understand the unique needs of female adolescents and actively aim to understand and serve this population. Relating scholarly works on these topics to her own experiences working with Girls Incorporated at the YWCA of West Central Michigan, the author argues for the necessity of organizations that specifically seek to guide young women towards healthy identity formation
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Sibling Impacts on Gang Membership among the Samoan Communities of Carson and Long Beach, CA
No full textv, 69 p.This study examines the relationship between siblings as well as the impact of siblings on the choice to join or avoid gang membership within the Samoan communities of Carson and Long Beach, California. There exists an influence among siblings, through words and/or actions to join or avoid gangs. Gangs are the social issue in focus and furthermore, the social impact of siblings of joining a gang is an ongoing issue that occurs in the county of Los Angeles. There exists very little research on Samoans, a Pacific Island culture and people originating from the Polynesian islands of Samoa. This study highlights a common issue shared by a minority of the minorities in spaces only heard of through music artists and athletes. As one of the only Samoan students at the College, the author observes that very few people outside of the west coast know of the Samoan people's struggles in the United States. Carson and Long Beach are also only familiar to those from the West Coast, yet gangs are a universal issue known to many people in numerous parts of the world. The author held confidential face-to-face interviews with Samoans from these two cities that had siblings, with the help of a voice recording phone app. Results show that while some respondents agree that siblings have an impact on one joining a gang or not, others reported that it is the individual's choice to join regardless of whether their sibling is a gang member or not. The aim of this study is to get a better understanding of what is going on regarding the issue of gang membership and how to use these findings in order to help youth avoid going down that path
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