170,701 research outputs found
Texture segmentation as a first step towards archaeological object detection in high-resolution satellite images of the Silvretta alps
No full texton the Swiss-Austrian border has been investigating the prehis-toric origins of alpine pasture economy. In an area of about 540 km2 more than 20 well-preserved archaeological sites asso-ciated with alpine pastoralism have been recorded, the earliest of them dating to the Iron Age (Reitmaier (ed.), 2012; Walser and Lambers, 2012). All of the ruined huts, cellars and livestock en-closures at these sites are visible on the surface and show a lim-ited range of shapes and proportions. According to their func-tion, all of them are located in open grassland. Based on this sample, we are currently developing methods to detect archaeological objects of the kind described above in high-resolution satellite images of our study area (Lambers and Zingman, in press). These methods are intended to assist archae-ological survey in vast and/or difficult to access areas by screen-ing large amounts of remotely sensed images in order to detec
Review of the genus Chaetosiphella Hille Ris Lambers, 1939 (Hemiptera, Aphididae: Chaitophorinae)
No full textAbstractThe genus Chaetosiphella Hille Ris Lambers, 1939 is discussed. Chaetosiphella stipae Hille Ris Lambers, 1947 is redescribed (apterous viviparous female) and its subspecies C. stipae setosa subsp. nov., (apterous viviparous female, oviparous female and apterous male) is described and figured in detail on the basis of specimens collected from Calamagrostis argentea, Calamagrostis arundinacea and Stipa sp. in France. A new species, Chaetosiphella longirostris sp. nov., is described and figured in detail on the basis of specimens collected from Ammophila arenaria in Portugal. A key to the identification of the species of the genus Chaetosiphella as well as differences from related species are given. Notes about distribution and host plants are shown.
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Treprostinil Reconstitutes Mitochondrial Organisation and Structure in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Cells
No full textIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) presents as an incurable change in the lung tissue and mitochondrial dysfunction of unknown origin. Treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, has been suggested for IPF therapy. This study assessed the effect of treprostinil on the cAMP signalling and mitochondrial activity in healthy lung fibroblasts and fibroblast-like cells from IPF patients. Six control fibroblast strains and six fibroblast-like IPF cell strains were isolated and expanded from freshly resected lung tissue. The cells were grown to confluence before being treated with either transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, treprostinil, their combination, or a vehicle for up to 2 days. Mitochondria-regulating proteins were analysed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and the mitochondria were analysed using cytochrome C, mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase II (MTCO2), and MTCO4. The IPF cells showed an increased rate of damaged mitochondria, which were significantly reduced when the cells were treated with treprostinil over 24 h. In the control cells, treprostinil prevented TGF-β-induced mitochondrial damage. Treatment with treprostinil modified the expression of several mitochondria-regulating proteins. In both cell types, treprostinil upregulated the expression of PTEN, p21(Waf1/Cip1), beclin1, LC3 II, parkin, PINK1, MTCO2, and MTCO4. In contrast, treprostinil downregulated the phosphorylation of mTOR and the expression of p62, mitofusin1, and mtiofusin2 in IPF cells. This might explain the reduced mitochondrial damage observed in treprostinil-treated IPF cells and suggest an improvement in the mitochondrial function in IPF. In this study, treprostinil improved mitochondrial impairment in vitro, which might, in part, explain the beneficial clinical effects documented in patients
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