1,721,031 research outputs found
Health, Well-Being, and Quality of Life. A Philosophical Analysis
Full text linkThis book analyses and discusses from a philosophical perspective the concepts of health, well-being and quality of life in contemporary biomedical research. The guiding idea of the book is that different concepts of health, well-being, and quality of life lead to different types of projects, actions and policies, both at the individual and institutional level. For this reason, it is important to analyse them and make them clear, in their interweaving of objective dimensions (the facts) and evaluative dimensions (the values)
A simple realist account of the normativity of concepts
No full textI argue that a concept is applied correctly when it is applied to the kind
of things it is the concept of. Correctness as successful kind-tracking is
fulfilling an externally and naturalistically individuated standard. And the
normative aspect of concept-application so characterized depends on the
relational (non-individualistic) feature of conceptual content. I defend
this view against two objections. The first is that norms should provide
justifications for action, and the second involves a version of the thesis of
indeterminacy of reference
‘Are mental disorders brain disorders?’ is a question of conceptual choice
Full text linkThis contribution focuses on what type of question “Are mental disorders brain disorders?” is and what task Anneli Jefferson performs in her book with the same title. I distinguish between conceptual engineering and conceptual choice, the former involving the individuation of an adequate concept for a specific goal, and the latter involving the normative problem of whether we should employ the concept at hand. I contend that Anneli Jefferson’s book is a work of conceptual engineering, which is valuable in and of itself, but that this is insufficient to answer an equally essential version of the question, “Are mental disorders brain disorders?”, namely, whether we should adopt the newly engineered concept or not, considering a broader range of goals for mental health research and practic
Che cos'è il relativismo cognitivo
No full text.Il volume discute la contrapposizione teorica tra Relativismo e Universalismo linguistico e argomenta tramite esempi tratti dalla psicologia sperimentale che la contrapposizione’ obsoleta e sono da preferire tesi più specifiche sui vari tipi di influenza della lingua sul pensier
An overview on trust and trustworthiness: individual and institutional dimensions
Full text linkThis article provides an overview on recent philosophical work on trust and trustworthiness, contained in the Special Issue of this Journal. The concepts of trust and trustworthiness are extremely useful in explaining personal connections between people, professional relationships (for example, the one between a carer and a health professional), as well as large-scale social phenomena such as the public's perception of science and new technologies. These concepts are undoubtedly complex and, according to some, partially evaluative or ‘thick’ in the metaethical sense – arguably, to trust and to be trustworthy are not simply descriptions but also imply positive judgements of a certain sort of attitude and attribute, respectively. As with any complex and likely thick concept, there is a danger that trust and trustworthiness (as well as distrust and untrustworthiness) will be defined, operationalized and used differently in different research areas or even depending on the individual study. This is one reason why it is always beneficial to examine these conceptual tools under the scrutiny of philosophical discussion in order to hone them for specific assignments
Stare bene. Un'analisi filosofica
No full textDiverse concezioni di che cosa sia stare bene inducono a scelte differenti nelle politiche istituzionali, nella ricerca, nella clinica medica e a livello personale. Il volume delinea un percorso nella filosofia delle scienze del benessere, un ambito che si occupa della salute, del benessere e della qualità della vita nel loro uso nel settore biomedico e sociale. In sette capitoli pensati per un pubblico interdisciplinare, l’autrice illustra la nozione di salute come assenza di malattia e come benessere completo, le varie declinazioni filosofiche del well-being, i problemi della misurazione dello stare bene e come se ne può parlare in riferimento alla vecchiaia, alla disabilità e alle malattie croniche
Etica della comunicazione sanitaria
No full textUna sintetica introduzione alle principali questioni etiche e filosofiche riguardanti la comunicazione sanitaria: la comunicazione fra medico e paziente e quella fra istituzioni, sanitari e cittadini. In uno scenario in cui autonomia e consenso della persona sono sempre più rilevanti nelle scelte di cura e di tutela della salute, si delinea un quadro concettuale aggiornato per affrontare temi problematici come la comunicazione della diagnosi, l’impostazione delle campagne di prevenzione e salute pubblica, il ruolo dei medici come esperti nei media
European Journal of Analytic Philosophy
No full textEuJAP is open to a broad spectrum of issues ranging from ethics, meta-ethics, applied ethics, political philosophy, epistemology, ontology, philosophy of language, philosophy of logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science (and special sciences), philosophy of mind, philosophical psychology, philosophy of action, and philosophy of law. Published by the University of Rijeka, Open access
Concepts are a functional kind
No full textAbstractThis commentary focuses on Machery's eliminativist claim, that “concept” ought to be eliminated from the theoretical vocabulary of psychology because it fails to denote a natural kind. I argue for the more traditional view that concepts are a functional kind, which provides the simplest account of the empirical evidence discussed by Machery.</jats:p
The epistemology of imaging procedures and reporting
No full textThe good epistemic standing of imaging procedures is in turn epistemically complex, as it involves three levels of normative assessment. First, it depends on rules and conventions about how to read images (the “semantics” of imaging); second, on how these rules and conventions are applied by the individual reader (either radiologist or nuclear medicine expert) in the specific case (usually called “reading”); and third, on how the reading is conveyed in a written report (“reporting”). That imaging involves conventions may appear controversial (there is an element of arbitrariness in conventions, and what could be arbitrary in the fact that a focal hot spot in a [18F]-FDG PET image of the lung should be read as cancer?). We will consider this in more detail below, with particular emphasis on reporting
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