3,367 research outputs found
Maternal antibiotic treatment affects offspring gastric sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation in the pig
No full textBackground: Scarce is knowledge on the process regulating the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling, and chemosensing in the stomach of young pigs. Changes of early microbial encounters by suckling pigs can interact with the gut maturation, by the induction of different molecular signaling. Our goal was to assess if the age of offspring and the maternal environment, influenced by sow antibiotic treatment peripartum, could affect gastric morphology and the expression of genes involved in the control of hydrochloric secretion, feed intake, taste, and inflammation in offspring stomach. Methods: 84 pigs from sows fed a diet with amoxicillin (on –d10 to +d21 from farrowing, ANT) or without (CON) were sacrificed at d14, d21, d28 (weaning) or d42. Samples of oxyntic (OXY), pyloric (PY) and cardiac mucosae close to OXY were collected and parietal and enteroendocrine cells (EECs) were counted. Relative gene expression of a set of 11 key genes (ATP4A, SSTR2, GAST, GHRL, MBOAT4, PCSK1, GNAT1, TAS1R1, TAS1R3, IL8 and TNF) was assessed by qRT-PCR. In addition, 40 offspring obtained from the same ANT and CON sows were offered a normal or a fat-enriched diet for 4 weeks between 140 and 169 d of age, and then OXY and PY were sampled. Results: The number of parietal and EECs increased with age (P < 0.001). ATP4A increased with age (within suckling, P = 0.043, post-weaning vs. suckling, P < 0.001), SSTR2 increased only after weaning (P < 0.001). In OXY, GHRL increased during suckling (P = 0.012), and post-weaning as a trend (P = 0.088). MBOAT4 tended to increase during suckling (P = 0.062). TAS1R1 increased from suckling to post-weaning period (P =0.001) and was lower in ANT offspring (P = 0.013). GNAT1 in PY was higher in ANT offspring (P = 0.041). Antibiotic treatment of sows peripartum increased expression of GHRL and MBOAT4 in OXY of growing-finishing offspring aged 5 months. Conclusions: Data show that sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation can be affected by maternal environment, but the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling and taste perception in the stomach are mostly developmentally controlled
Voice Compression and Communications: Principles and Applications for Fixes and Wireless Channels
No full textUp-to-date, expert coverage of topics in wireless voice communications Voice communication is the most important facet of mobile radio service. Even when the predicted surge of wireless data and Internet services becomes a reality, voice will remain the most natural means of human communication. Voice Compression and Communications details issues in wireless voice communications and treats compression, channel coding, and wireless transmission as a joint subject. Part I covers background material, whereas Part II provides detailed information on both proprietary and standardized analysis-by-synthesis codecs, including the speech codecs of virtually all existing wireline-based and wireless systems. Parts III and IV discuss mainly research-based wideband, audio, as well as very low-rate schemes likely to find their way into future standards. Voice Compression and Communications describes fundamental concepts in a non-mathematical way early in the book for those with only a background knowledge of signal processing and communications. More advanced readers will find detailed discussions of theoretical principles, future concepts, and solutions to various specific wireless voice communications problems
1973-10-25 Morehead State Concert and Lecture Series J.P. Donleavy
No full textRenowned author J.P. Donleavy speaks on the plight of an author and the methods to write, recorded on October 25, 1973
Entrainment and detrainment rates from the piv measurements at the top of laboratory analogs of stratocumulus and cumulus clouds
No full textWe analyze mixing at the top of laboratory analogs of convective clouds: stratocumulus and cumulus to investigate entrainment of environmental air into the cloud. We retrieve two components of air velocity using Particle Image Velocimetry technique. Suitable image processing allows to determine cloud–clear air interface. Using velocity differences between cloudy and clear sides of the interface we calculate entrainment / detrainment rates
Vortex Dynamics in The Transitional and Turbulent Wake of 6:1 Prolate Spheroid at 45-deg incidence angle
No full textThe incompressible flow past a 6:1 prolate spheroid with an inclination angle of 45o at Re = 3,000 has been studied by means of direct numerical simulations (DNS). The Reynolds number is based on the inflow velocity and minor-axis length. The preliminary results presented here are focused mainly on vortex dynamics and vortical structures in the wake. The wake behind this configuration starts almost symmetric but is soon strongly deflected and bent as it evolves to the intermediate wake. A pair of unequal-strength vortices dominates the intermediate wake, of which one exhibits the shape of a long vortex tube while the other rapidly breaks down into turbulent-like vortical structures
Experimental characterisation of large scale structures in a high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer
No full textA very large field of view (4δ x 1δ) with a good spatial resolution owing to the use of four 2k x 2k pixel cameras was conducted in a flat plate boundary layer at two Reynolds numbers (Reθ ≈7,500 and 20,000). Comparing the flow statistics with previously obtained hot-wire data under similar flow conditions show good agreement. The goal of this experiment is to detect and characterise the large scale motions which develop in the log region of a high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer
Letter from J.P. Bradley to Mr. [William] S. Martin The Dominguez Estate Company, June 28, 1940
No full textRegarding attached payment by Mr. K.L. Schaap settling his account
Digestion des protéines végétales et hypersensibilité digestive chez le veau préruminant
No full textDigestion des matières azotées végétales chez le veau préruminant. Quantification des matières azotées endogènes et importance des mucines
No full textOptical fibre sensors, past, present and future - a personal view
No full textThe field of optical fibre sensors has been an attractive area of research, ever since the mid 1980s, at a time when optical fibre communications technology had already started to find commercial success. The area was of great academic interest because of the wide variety of direct and indirect interactions with these new optical waveguides, both physical and chemical, which were seen to be possible. Much of the early research, mostly by academics who had previously worked in fibre communications, was highly speculative, and initially found very little commercial application. Even then, however, many confidently believed it to have great future potential. The difficulty at that time was that most existing electrical sensors were relatively cheap, and of course this technology was far more mature, whereas the fibre sensor area lacked many of the simple building blocks necessary for simple, reliable and cost-effective production. Many of the early sensors therefore, quite naturally struggled to find a competitive position. Since then, the many years of research has resulted in an increasing variety of available low-cost optical fibre components becoming available and the research on the sensor technology has lead to many truly useful sensors for what are still niche areas, but ones having real commercial potential. As a result, prospects for wider application are becoming better each year. The paper will start in a tutorial manner, by discussing and classifying the types of optical fibre sensors, discuss the care that has to be taken in their design, and will include a few case studies of some of the very early sensors. It will then go on to describe where several types of sensors have found successful application in the last decade. Finally, the author will discuss the areas where he believes they are likely to find increasing commercial success in future. Please note that the paper will present a personal view of the area, by a research scientist/engineer who has worked in the optical fibre sensors field since 1986, initially as an industrial researcher and later returning as an academic, and who is now active as a freelance consultant in the area
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