35 research outputs found
FIGURE 14 in Genus Acalvolia (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae), with the description of a new species from the USA
No full textFIGURE 14. Acalvolia americana sp. nov. (tritonymph). A, leg I; B, leg II; C, leg III; D, leg IV; E, right tarsus IV.Published as part of Fan, Qing-Hai, George, Sherly & Kumarasinghe, Lalith, 2010, Genus Acalvolia (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae), with the description of a new species from the USA, pp. 41-61 in Zootaxa 2719 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19984
FIGURE 7 in Genus Acalvolia (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae), with the description of a new species from the USA
No full textFIGURE 7. Acalvolia americana sp. nov. (male). Ventral view of idiosoma.Published as part of Fan, Qing-Hai, George, Sherly & Kumarasinghe, Lalith, 2010, Genus Acalvolia (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae), with the description of a new species from the USA, pp. 41-61 in Zootaxa 2719 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19984
FIGURE 12 in Genus Acalvolia (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae), with the description of a new species from the USA
No full textFIGURE 12. Acalvolia americana sp. nov. (tritonymph). Ventral view of idiosoma.Published as part of Fan, Qing-Hai, George, Sherly & Kumarasinghe, Lalith, 2010, Genus Acalvolia (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae), with the description of a new species from the USA, pp. 41-61 in Zootaxa 2719 on page 57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19984
Acalvolia
No full textKey to the known species of genus Acalvolia 1. Ratio sce: sci = 4.6; dorsal idiosomal setae c 1, d 1 and e 1 length less than two thirds the distance between their bases and the bases of setae in next row; supracoxal setae barbed........................ Acalvolia squamata (Oudemans, 1909) Ratio sce: sci = 2.5 (Figs. 1 and 6); setae c 1, d 1 and e 1 reaching or overlapping bases of setae in next row (Figs. 1 and 6); supracoxal setae smooth (Figs. 3 and 8)................................................................... Acalvolia americana sp. nov.Published as part of Fan, Qing-Hai, George, Sherly & Kumarasinghe, Lalith, 2010, Genus Acalvolia (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae), with the description of a new species from the USA, pp. 41-61 in Zootaxa 2719 on page 60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19984
Acalvolia americana Fan, George & Kumarasinghe, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textAcalvolia americana sp. nov. (Figs. 1–14, Plates 1–3) Material examined. Five slides stored in the PANZ (Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Auckland, New Zealand) insect reference collection were studied. SLIDE 1: holotype female, a paratype female, intercepted on orange (Citrus sinensis) from the United States of America (USA), 18 May 2006 (Accession No. 09/ 2006 / 2528); SLIDE 2: a paratype male, a paratype tritonymph and a damaged protonymph, intercepted on orange from USA, 7 Apr 2003 (Accession No. 09/ 2003 / 1734); SLIDE 3: two paratype females and a paratype male, intercepted on orange from USA, 6 Apr 2009 (Accession No. 09/ 2009 / 1785); SLIDE 4: a paratype female, intercepted on orange from USA, 18 May 2005 (Accession No. 09/ 2005 / 2986); SLIDE 5: a paratype female, intercepted on orange from USA, 31 Mar. 2010 (Accession No. 09/ 2010 / 1820). The slide with holotype female and a paratype female will be deposited in NZAC (New Zealand Arthropod Collection). Other slides are retained in PANZ. Diagnosis. FEMALE. Supracoxal setae scx smooth, without barbs, tapering from base to tip; ratio sci: sce= 2.5 (2.5–2.8); setae c 1, d 1 and e 1 reaching or overlapping bases of setae in next row; coxal plates II large, extending far beyond apex of apodeme II, posterior margin concave; spermathecal duct a cylindrical tube, widening as it connects subterminally to spermathecal sac; sclerotised base of spermathecal sac blind ended, U-shaped, a pair of bell-shaped sclerites of oviducts situated at the end of spermathecal sac. MALE. Supracoxal setae, ratio sci: sce, comparative length and distances of setae c 1, d 1 and e 1 as in female; aedeagus medially curved, gradually tapering from base to tip; ventro-terminal sucker of tarsi I and II large, extending to bases of wa. Description. FEMALE (n= 5; Figs 1–5, Plate 1). Idiosomal length 465 (380–465), width at level between coxae II and III 297 (225–297); cuticle without obvious striation. Chelicerae (Fig 3 A) robustly chelate, 78 (68–78), movable digit 28 (25–30), cheliceral seta cha conical, spiniform, 4 (3–4); subcapitulum (Fig 3 B) bearing setae m, 23 (22–25); palpal supracoxal seta elcp absent; dorsal palptibial seta filiform, 22 (21–27), lateral palptibial seta filiform, 14 (12–15), dorsal palptarsal seta filiform, 9 (7–10), terminal palptarsal solenidion tiny, 4 (3–4). Dorsum (Fig 1). Prodorsal shield nearly trapezoidal, faintly and evenly punctate, 85 (76–88) long, width at anterior and posterior margins 63 (50–63) and 83 (83–94), respectively; lateral margins of anterior half slightly concave, posterior margin slightly convex. Supracoxal sclerite elongate, duct of supracoxal gland prominent and opens at midway of supracoxal sclerite; Grandjean’s organ (Fig 3 C) smooth and short, finger-shaped, 6 (5–6); supracoxal setae scx (Fig 3 C) smooth, setiform, tapering from base to tip, 27 (26–27). Opisthonotal gland openings gla closer to e 2 than to d 2. Opisthosoma with three pairs of tiny tubercles, first pair posteriad of h 1, second pair at level of rear end of anus and third pair posteriad of ps 1. External vertical setae ve represented by alveoli, distance between them 67 (64–76). All other dorsal idiosomal setae smooth; vi, sci, c 1, c 2, d 1, e 1, e 2 and h 1 subequal; sce obviously longer than sci, ratios: sce: sci= 2.5 (2.5–2.8), sci–sci: sci–sce= 1.1 (1.1–1.7); setal lengths: vi 78 (75– 78), sci 78 (71–81), sce 193 (176–196); distances: vi– vi 10, vi–ve 48 (42–49), sci–sci 38 (32–47), sci–sce 34 (27– 34). Hysterosomal setae, d 2 about 1.4 (1–1.4)× length of c 1; lengths: c 1 75 (75–100), c 2 84 (77–86), cp 135 (125– 135), c 3 70 (56 – 7 (73–100), d 2 103 (100–103), e 1 95 (81–103), e 2 90 (78–96), f 2 68 (61–68), h 1 81 (80–105), h 2 228 (196–260), h 3 absent; distances: c 1 –c 1 64 (49–64), c 1 –d 1 65 (50–71), d 1 –d 1 63 (48–64), d 2 –gla 85 (62–85), d 1 – e 1 75 (63–75), e 1 – e 1 75 (64–83). Venter (Fig 2). Coxal apodemes I joined at midline, forming a prosternal apodeme directed posteromedially; coxal plate I posteriorly extending beyond apex of prosternal apodeme and widely expanded laterally; coxal apodemes II directed posteromedially, plates large, extending far beyond apex of apodeme II, posterior margin concave; sejugal apodeme very faint, a simple suture; epigynal sclerite thickened, just anterior to genital opening; apodemes III and IV directed anteriomedially, apodeme IV medially connected with posterior sclerite of coxa III. Ventral setae 1 a inserted posterolaterad of coxal plate I, 3 a laterad of genital opening, g posterior to genital papillae, 4 a posterior to genital opening; lengths: 1 a = 43 (40–44), 3 a= 33 (25–33), 4 a= 30 (28–30), g= 30 (23– 30). Genital opening inverted V-shaped, situated centrally between coxae III–IV. Anal opening far posterior to genital opening, about as long as genital opening, surrounded by 3 pairs of pseudanal setae, ps 1 3.9 (3.9–4.2)× as long as ps 2 and 4.3 (4.2–5.3)× as long as ps 3, lengths: ps 3 = 50 (35–50), ps 2 = 55 (44–55), ps 1 = 215 (184–220). Copulatory opening posterior to anus (Fig 3 D); spermathecal duct a cylindrical tube, widening as it reaches spermathecal sac; sclerotised base of spermathecal sac narrowly U-shaped, a pair of bell-shaped sclerites of oviducts situated at end of spermathecal sac, 4 (4–5). Leg lengths (I–IV): 205 (172–208), 200 (165–200), 212 (182–230) and 250 (205–257); all setae on trochanters, femora, genua, tibiae and basal two thirds of tarsi smooth and attenuate. Leg I (Fig 4 A). Trochanter I with 8–12 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; femur I 45 (37–51), vF filiform, slightly longer (50 (48–54)) than femur I; genu I 35 (28–37), solenidia σ' 38 (32–38), σ" 58 (56–66); σ": σ'= 1.5 (1.5–2.1), setae cG and mG subequal, 35 (33–35) and 33 (30–37), respectively; tibia I 35 (30–35), φ 95 (95–98), gT and hT subequal, 28 (23–29) and 29 (26–32), respectively; tarsus I (excluding pretarsus, same as below) 69 (64– 72) long, about 4.3 (4.1–5.1)× as long as its basal width (16 (14–16)), ω 1 (Fig 5 A) parallel sided and gradually tapered at its apex, 19 (16–19) long, ε 5 (4–5), ω 2 6.5 (6–6.5), ω 3 28 (28–33), setae wa 47 (40–47), ra 27 (25–30), la 25 (20–30), d 21 (21–25), e 6 (5–6), f 8 (8–10); ventro-terminal spine s 5 (5–6), u basally merged with p, v basally merged with q, u = v = 3 (3–4), p = q = 5 (4–5); membranous empodium 13 (12–18), claw 6 (5–6). Leg II (Fig 4 B). As in trochanter I, trochanter II also has 8–12 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; femur II 45 (41–49), vF 55 (49–56); genu II 33 (28–34), σ 16 (16–22), cG 22 (20–26), mG 27 (24–30); tibia II 35 (28–35), φ whip-like, 126 (105–127), gT 27 (23–32), hT 25 (20–25); tarsus II 67 (61–71) long, about 4.5 (4.0– 5.1)× as long as its basal width (15 (14–17)); ω parallel sided and gradually tapered at its apex, 19 (19–20) long, wa 44 (37–44), ra 28 (24–32), la 25 (23–27), d 33 (29–35), e 5 (4–5), f 7 (6–8), s 5 (4–5), u basally merged with p, v basally merged with q, u = v = 3 (3–4), p = q = 5 (4–5), empodium 13 (11–16), claw 6 (5–6). Leg III (Fig 4 C). Femur III 42 (35–44); genu III 31 (26–32), σ 10, nG absent; tibia III 33 (28–37), φ whiplike, 117 (96–117), kT 36 (28–36); tarsus III 82 (73–82) long, 13 (12–15) wide at base, ratio length: width= 6.3 (5.4–6.3), w 39 (30–39), r 19 (15–18), d 48 (37–48), e 3 (3–4), f 4 (4–6), s 5 (4–5), u basally merged with p, v basally merged with q, u = v = 2 (2–3), p = q = 4, empodium 14 (12–16), claw 6 (5–6). Leg IV (Fig 4 D). Femur IV 47 (41–50), wF absent; genu IV 35 (30–39); tibia IV 36 (31–37), φ whip-like, 114 (98–117), kT 38 (34–40); tarsus IV 97 (91–198) long, 15 (13–17) wide at segment base, ratio length: width= 6.5 (5.8–7.4), w 33 (30–37) long, r 20 (18–22) long, d 44 (44–51), e and f absent, s 5 (5–6), u basally merged with p, v basally merged with q, u = v = 2, p = q = 4 (4–5), empodium 15 (12–16), claw 6 (6–6.5). MALE (n= 2; Figs. 6–10, Plate 2) Idiosomal length 350 (326–350), width at level between coxae II and III 205; cuticle without obvious striation. Chelicerae (Fig 8 A) robustly chelate, 75 (64–75), movable digit 28 (27–28), cheliceral seta cha conical, spiniform, 4; subcapitulum (Fig 8 B) bearing a pair of subcapitular setae m, 23; palpal supracoxal seta elcp normally at dorsolateral sides absent; dorsal palptibial seta filiform, 15 (12–15) long, lateral palptibial seta filiform, 14 (13–14), dorsal palptarsal seta filiform, 11, terminal palptarsal solenidion tiny, 4. Dorsum (Fig 6). Prodorsal shield as in female, faintly punctate, with posterior half wider than anterior half, 75 (75–76) long, width at anterior and posterior margins 59 and 86, respectively; Supracoxal sclerite elongate, duct of supracoxal gland prominent and opens at midway of supracoxal sclerite; Grandjean’s organ (Fig 8 C) smooth and short, finger-shaped, 4 long; supracoxal setae scx smooth, setiform, tapering from base to tip, 28 (27–28). Opisthonotal gland openings gla closer to e 2 than to d 2. One pair of tiny tubercles posteriad of h 1. External vertical setae ve represented by alveoli, distance between them 72. All other dorsal idiosomal setae filiform, without barbs; sce about 2.5 (2.5–2.7)× as long as sci; distance sci–sci 1.5 × as wide as sci–sce; lengths: vi 66 (66–69), sci 72 (67– 72), sce 181 (181–182); distances: vi– vi 9, sci–sci 39 (37–39), sci–sce 25. Hysterosomal setae, d 2 about 1.2 × length of c 1; lengths: c 1 75 (69–75), c 2 74 (74–76), cp 117 (110–117), c 3 54 (44–54), d 1 (69), d 2 89 (81–89), e 1 80 (80–81), e 2 84 (78–84), f 2 67 (67–71), h 1 78 (74–78), h 2 235 (232–235), h 3 absent; distances: c 1 –c 1 41 (41–44), c 1 –d 1 54, d 1 –d 1 45 (30–45), d 2 –gla 55 (54–55), d 1 – e 1 40 (40–44), e 1 – e 1 57 (44–57). PLATE 1. Acalvolia americana sp. nov. (female). A, prodorsal shield; B, supracoxal setae and ducts of supracoxal gland; C, coxae I and II; D, copulatory opening and spermatheca. Venter (Figs 7 and 8). Coxal apodemes I joined at midline as in female; coxal plates II larger than those in female, their posterior edges rounded, nearly reaching sejugal suture, sejugal apodeme represented by a simple suture; epigynal sclerite thickened, inverted U-shaped, its anterior rim contiguous with medial part of apodemes IV which is medially fused together. Ventral setae 3 a and 4 a absent, genital setae g anterior to genital papillae; lengths: 1 a = 32 (30–32), g= 30 (27–30). Genital opening situated between coxae IV, aedeagus (Figs 8 D and 8 E) gradually tapering from base to tip and medially curved. Anal opening surrounded by 3 pairs of pseudanal setae, about 1.3 × as long as distance between anterior rim of anus and posterior end of basal region of aedeagus: pseudanal setae ps 1 4.2 × as long as ps 2 and 4.0 (4.0– 4.6)× as long as ps 3, lengths: ps 3 = 43 (37–43), ps 2 = 41 (41–42), ps 1 = 172. Legs I and II slightly thicker than legs III and IV, tarsi I and II obviously shorter than those in female, each bearing a subterminal ventral sucker; lengths of legs I–IV: 165 (165–167), 165 (165–171), 202 (181–202) and 210 (198–210); all setae on trochanters, femora, genua and tibiae smooth and attenuate. Leg I (Figs 9 A and 10 A, B). Trochanter I with 8–12 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; femur I 42 (42–44), vF filiform, 53 (47–53); genu I 30, solenidia σ' 37 (34–37), σ" 55 (55–56); σ": σ'= 1.5 (1.5–1.6), setae cG 35 (34–35), mG 31 (27–31); tibia I 32, φ 100 (100–102), gT 27 (25–27), hT 25 (20–25); tarsus I 45 (44–45), about 2.3 (2.3– 2.6)× as long as its basal width (20 (17–20)), ω 1 parallel sided and gradually tapered at its apex, 18 (17–18) long, ε 4, ω 2 8 (7–8), ω 3 28 (28–32), setae wa 25 (25–30), ra 20, la 20, d 24 (22–24), e 6 (6–7), f 10; ventro-terminal sucker large, extending to base of wa, spine s indiscernible, u fully merged with p, v basally merged with q, about 4 (3.5– 4) in length; membranous empodium 15, claw 5.5 (5.5–6). Leg II (Figs 9 B and 10 C–E). Trochanter II with 8–12 minute teeth as in trochanter I; femur II 42 (42–44), vF 43 (42–43); genu II 32 (32–34), σ 22 (20–22), cG 30 (23–30), mG 19 (19–20); tibia II 32 (32–33), φ whip-like, 112 (112–124), gT 27 (23–27), hT 26 (22–26); tarsus II 43 long, about 2.5 (2.5–2.8)× as long as its basal width (17 (15–17)); ω parallel sided and gradually tapered at its apex, 17 (15–17) long, wa 26 (26–29), ra 21 (18–21), la 21 (17–21), d 37 (35–37), e 4 (4–5), f 8; ventro-terminal sucker large, extending to base of wa, spine s indiscernible, u fully merged with p and v basally merged with q, about 4 (3.5–4) in length; membranous empodium 16 (15–16), claw 5.5 (5.5–6). Leg III (Figs 9 C and 10 F, G). Femur III nude, 42 (35–42); genu III 27 (25–27), σ 10 (9–10), nG absent; tibia III 31 (30–31), φ whip-like, 119 (114–119), kT 34 (34–35); tarsus III 69 (69–72) long, 15 wide at base, ratio length: width= 4.6, w 35 (33–35), r 15 (11–15), d 45 (45–46), e 3, f 4, s 4, u fully merged with p and v with q, about 4.5 (4– 4.5) in length, empodium 14 (12–14), claw 5.5 (5.5–6). Leg IV (9 D and 10 H, I). Femur IV nude, 45 (42–45); genu IV nude, 30 (23–30); tibia IV 29 (29–31), φ whiplike, 120 (120–129), kT 40 (39–40); tarsus IV 77 (72–82) long, 15 wide at segment base, ratio length: width= 5.1 (5.1–5.5), w 36 (36–40) long, r 14 (13–14) long, d 51 (44–51), e and f absent, s 4 (3–4), u fully merged with p, v with q, about 4 (3–4) in length, empodium 12 (11–12), claw 5.5 (5.5–6). PLATE 2. Acalvolia americana sp. nov. (male). A, prodorsal shield and supracoxal setae; B, subcapitulum; C, genital area; D, tibia and tarsus of leg I; E, tibia and tarsus of leg II. TRITONYMPH (n= 1; Figs. 11–14) Idiosomal length 241, width at level between coxae II and III 156; cuticle without obvious striation. Chelicerae (Fig 13 A) robustly chelate, 54, movable digit 20, cheliceral seta cha conical, spiniform, 3; subcapitulum (Fig 13 B) bearing a pair of subcapitular setae m, 24; palpal supracoxal seta elcp normally at dorso-lateral sides absent; dorsal palptibial seta filiform, 18 long, lateral palptibial seta filiform, 12, dorsal palptarsal seta filiform, 7, terminal palptarsal solenidion tiny, 2.5. Dorsum (Fig 11). Prodorsal shield indiscernible. Supracoxal setae scx smooth, setiform, tapering from base to tip, 24. Opisthonotal gland openings gla very close to e 2. Opisthosomal tubercles perceptible. External vertical setae ve represented by alveoli, distance between them 63. All dorsal idiosomal setae (except ve) smooth, vi, sci, c 1, c 2, d 1, e 1, e 2 and h 1 subequal; sce obviously longer than sci, ratios: sce: sci= 3.1, sci–sci: sci–sce= 1.8; lengths: vi 55, sci 48, sce 147; distances: vi– vi 7, sci–sci 33, sci–sce 18. Hysterosomal setae, d 2 about 1.3 × length of c 1; lengths: c 1 50, c 2 51, cp 77, c 3 44 d 1 58, d 2 64, e 1 55, e 2 52, f 2 34, h 1 54, h 2 146, h 3 absent; distances: c 1 –c 1 33, c 1 –d 1 30, d 1 –d 1 30, d 2 –gla 38, d 1 – e 1 34, e 1 – e 1 38 Venter (Figs 12 and 13 c). Coxal apodemes I joined at midline, forming a prosternal apodeme directed posteromedially; coxal apodemes II directed posteromedially, plates large, extending far beyond apex of apodeme II, posterior margin convex; epigynal sclerite absent; apodemes III and IV directed medially, apodeme IV not connected with posterior sclerite of coxa III. Ventral 3 a anteriorad of genital opening, g at same level with anterior pair of genital papillae (Fig 13 C), 4 a absent; lengths: 1 a = 21, 3a= 29, g= 23. Genital opening a longitudinal slit, situated between coxae IV. Anal opening surrounded by 3 pairs of pseudanal setae, ps 1 4.4 × as long as ps 2 and 4.0× as long as ps 3, lengths: ps 3 = 35, ps 2 = 32, ps 1 = 141. Copulatory opening and spermathecal duct absent. Legs lengths (I–IV): 130, 129, 128 and 149; all setae on trochanters, femora, genua, tibiae and basal two thirds of tarsi smooth and attenuate. Leg I (Figs 14 A and 13 D). Trochanter I with 8–12 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; femur I 31, vF filiform, longer (45) than femur I; genu I 21, solenidia σ' 23, σ" 41; σ": σ'= 1.8, setae cG 29, mG 24; tibia I 22, φ 73, gT and hT subequal, 23 and 25, respectively; tarsus I 47 long, about 3.1 × as long as its basal width (15), ω 1 parallel sided and tapered at its apex, 15 long, ε 3.5, ω 2 6, ω 3 27, setae wa 33, ra 17, la 19, d 19, e 3, f 6; ventro-terminal spine s, 4.5, u basally merged with p and v basally merged with q, about 3 long; membranous empodium 10, claw 4.5. Leg II (Figs 14 B and 13 E). Trochanter II also has 8–12 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; femur II 27, vF 41; genu II 23, σ 15, cG 21, mG 16; tibia II 23, φ whip-like, 95, gT 15 hT 24; tarsus II 43 long, about 3.3 × as long as its basal width (13); ω parallel sided and gradually tapered at its apex, 18 long, wa 29 ra 16, la 16, d 18, e 3, f 6, s 4, u basally merged with p and v basally merged with q, about 3 long, empodium 11, claw 5.5. Leg III (Fig 14 C and 13 F). Femur III 25; genu III 21, σ 7, nG absent; tibia III 21, φ whip-like, 88, kT 24; tarsus III 51 long, 12 wide at base, length: width= 4.3, w 20, r 11, d 30, e 2.5, f 3, s 4, u basally merged with p and v basally merged with q, about 3.5 long, empodium 9, claw 5. Leg IV (Fig 14 D and 13 G). Femur IV 29, wF absent; genu IV 21; tibia IV 21, φ whip-like, 54, kT 19; tarsus IV 58 long, 12 wide at segment base, length: width= 4.8, w 17, r 14, d 31, e and f absent, s positioned close to midventral seta w, 3 long, u basally merged with p and v basally merged with q, u = v = 3, p = q = 2, empodium 9, claw 4.5. EGG (n= 9; Plate 3) Elongate-oval in shape, 136.5 (124.9–139.7) long, about 2.2 (1.9–2.2)× of width (61.3 (61.0– 72.3)); shell of newly formed egg smooth; shell of fully developed egg ornamented with scattered and linear tubercles and surmounted longitudinally by a crenulated band (8.7 wide). Distribution. USA (type locality not provided). Biology. This mite species was collected from orange fruit, near the calyx where mites were usually seen hiding. Conidia of Cladosporium sp. were found in the pigmented guts suggesting that this mite species is a fungus feeder. Etymology. The species name americana refers to the origin of this species in the United States of America. Remarks. Three characters (the well-developed duct of supracoxal gland, serrations on anteromedial edges of trochanters I and II in both sexes and the subterminal attachment of spermathecal duct to the spermatheca in female) with taxonomic importance at family level, are recognized in this paper. Acalvolia americana sp. nov. and specimens of the genera Calvolia, Czenspinskia, Neocalvolia and Oulenzia in PANZ share these characters. This species can be readily distinguished from the only known species, Acalvolia squamata (Oudemans, 1909), by the following key. PLATE 3. Acalvolia americana sp. nov. (fully developed egg). A, surface ornamentation and half view of the longitudinal circular band of unknown substance; B, surface ornamentation and the longitudinal circular band of unknown substance.Published as part of Fan, Qing-Hai, George, Sherly & Kumarasinghe, Lalith, 2010, Genus Acalvolia (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae), with the description of a new species from the USA, pp. 41-61 in Zootaxa 2719 on pages 42-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19984
Acalvolia americana Fan, George & Kumarasinghe, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textAcalvolia americana sp. nov. (Figs. 1–14, Plates 1–3) Material examined. Five slides stored in the PANZ (Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Auckland, New Zealand) insect reference collection were studied. SLIDE 1: holotype female, a paratype female, intercepted on orange (Citrus sinensis) from the United States of America (USA), 18 May 2006 (Accession No. 09/ 2006 / 2528); SLIDE 2: a paratype male, a paratype tritonymph and a damaged protonymph, intercepted on orange from USA, 7 Apr 2003 (Accession No. 09/ 2003 / 1734); SLIDE 3: two paratype females and a paratype male, intercepted on orange from USA, 6 Apr 2009 (Accession No. 09/ 2009 / 1785); SLIDE 4: a paratype female, intercepted on orange from USA, 18 May 2005 (Accession No. 09/ 2005 / 2986); SLIDE 5: a paratype female, intercepted on orange from USA, 31 Mar. 2010 (Accession No. 09/ 2010 / 1820). The slide with holotype female and a paratype female will be deposited in NZAC (New Zealand Arthropod Collection). Other slides are retained in PANZ. Diagnosis. FEMALE. Supracoxal setae scx smooth, without barbs, tapering from base to tip; ratio sci: sce= 2.5 (2.5–2.8); setae c 1, d 1 and e 1 reaching or overlapping bases of setae in next row; coxal plates II large, extending far beyond apex of apodeme II, posterior margin concave; spermathecal duct a cylindrical tube, widening as it connects subterminally to spermathecal sac; sclerotised base of spermathecal sac blind ended, U-shaped, a pair of bell-shaped sclerites of oviducts situated at the end of spermathecal sac. MALE. Supracoxal setae, ratio sci: sce, comparative length and distances of setae c 1, d 1 and e 1 as in female; aedeagus medially curved, gradually tapering from base to tip; ventro-terminal sucker of tarsi I and II large, extending to bases of wa. Description. FEMALE (n= 5; Figs 1–5, Plate 1). Idiosomal length 465 (380–465), width at level between coxae II and III 297 (225–297); cuticle without obvious striation. Chelicerae (Fig 3 A) robustly chelate, 78 (68–78), movable digit 28 (25–30), cheliceral seta cha conical, spiniform, 4 (3–4); subcapitulum (Fig 3 B) bearing setae m, 23 (22–25); palpal supracoxal seta elcp absent; dorsal palptibial seta filiform, 22 (21–27), lateral palptibial seta filiform, 14 (12–15), dorsal palptarsal seta filiform, 9 (7–10), terminal palptarsal solenidion tiny, 4 (3–4). Dorsum (Fig 1). Prodorsal shield nearly trapezoidal, faintly and evenly punctate, 85 (76–88) long, width at anterior and posterior margins 63 (50–63) and 83 (83–94), respectively; lateral margins of anterior half slightly concave, posterior margin slightly convex. Supracoxal sclerite elongate, duct of supracoxal gland prominent and opens at midway of supracoxal sclerite; Grandjean’s organ (Fig 3 C) smooth and short, finger-shaped, 6 (5–6); supracoxal setae scx (Fig 3 C) smooth, setiform, tapering from base to tip, 27 (26–27). Opisthonotal gland openings gla closer to e 2 than to d 2. Opisthosoma with three pairs of tiny tubercles, first pair posteriad of h 1, second pair at level of rear end of anus and third pair posteriad of ps 1. External vertical setae ve represented by alveoli, distance between them 67 (64–76). All other dorsal idiosomal setae smooth; vi, sci, c 1, c 2, d 1, e 1, e 2 and h 1 subequal; sce obviously longer than sci, ratios: sce: sci= 2.5 (2.5–2.8), sci–sci: sci–sce= 1.1 (1.1–1.7); setal lengths: vi 78 (75– 78), sci 78 (71–81), sce 193 (176–196); distances: vi– vi 10, vi–ve 48 (42–49), sci–sci 38 (32–47), sci–sce 34 (27– 34). Hysterosomal setae, d 2 about 1.4 (1–1.4)× length of c 1; lengths: c 1 75 (75–100), c 2 84 (77–86), cp 135 (125– 135), c 3 70 (56 – 7 (73–100), d 2 103 (100–103), e 1 95 (81–103), e 2 90 (78–96), f 2 68 (61–68), h 1 81 (80–105), h 2 228 (196–260), h 3 absent; distances: c 1 –c 1 64 (49–64), c 1 –d 1 65 (50–71), d 1 –d 1 63 (48–64), d 2 –gla 85 (62–85), d 1 – e 1 75 (63–75), e 1 – e 1 75 (64–83). Venter (Fig 2). Coxal apodemes I joined at midline, forming a prosternal apodeme directed posteromedially; coxal plate I posteriorly extending beyond apex of prosternal apodeme and widely expanded laterally; coxal apodemes II directed posteromedially, plates large, extending far beyond apex of apodeme II, posterior margin concave; sejugal apodeme very faint, a simple suture; epigynal sclerite thickened, just anterior to genital opening; apodemes III and IV directed anteriomedially, apodeme IV medially connected with posterior sclerite of coxa III. Ventral setae 1 a inserted posterolaterad of coxal plate I, 3 a laterad of genital opening, g posterior to genital papillae, 4 a posterior to genital opening; lengths: 1 a = 43 (40–44), 3 a= 33 (25–33), 4 a= 30 (28–30), g= 30 (23– 30). Genital opening inverted V-shaped, situated centrally between coxae III–IV. Anal opening far posterior to genital opening, about as long as genital opening, surrounded by 3 pairs of pseudanal setae, ps 1 3.9 (3.9–4.2)× as long as ps 2 and 4.3 (4.2–5.3)× as long as ps 3, lengths: ps 3 = 50 (35–50), ps 2 = 55 (44–55), ps 1 = 215 (184–220). Copulatory opening posterior to anus (Fig 3 D); spermathecal duct a cylindrical tube, widening as it reaches spermathecal sac; sclerotised base of spermathecal sac narrowly U-shaped, a pair of bell-shaped sclerites of oviducts situated at end of spermathecal sac, 4 (4–5). Leg lengths (I–IV): 205 (172–208), 200 (165–200), 212 (182–230) and 250 (205–257); all setae on trochanters, femora, genua, tibiae and basal two thirds of tarsi smooth and attenuate. Leg I (Fig 4 A). Trochanter I with 8–12 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; femur I 45 (37–51), vF filiform, slightly longer (50 (48–54)) than femur I; genu I 35 (28–37), solenidia σ' 38 (32–38), σ" 58 (56–66); σ": σ'= 1.5 (1.5–2.1), setae cG and mG subequal, 35 (33–35) and 33 (30–37), respectively; tibia I 35 (30–35), φ 95 (95–98), gT and hT subequal, 28 (23–29) and 29 (26–32), respectively; tarsus I (excluding pretarsus, same as below) 69 (64– 72) long, about 4.3 (4.1–5.1)× as long as its basal width (16 (14–16)), ω 1 (Fig 5 A) parallel sided and gradually tapered at its apex, 19 (16–19) long, ε 5 (4–5), ω 2 6.5 (6–6.5), ω 3 28 (28–33), setae wa 47 (40–47), ra 27 (25–30), la 25 (20–30), d 21 (21–25), e 6 (5–6), f 8 (8–10); ventro-terminal spine s 5 (5–6), u basally merged with p, v basally merged with q, u = v = 3 (3–4), p = q = 5 (4–5); membranous empodium 13 (12–18), claw 6 (5–6). Leg II (Fig 4 B). As in trochanter I, trochanter II also has 8–12 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; femur II 45 (41–49), vF 55 (49–56); genu II 33 (28–34), σ 16 (16–22), cG 22 (20–26), mG 27 (24–30); tibia II 35 (28–35), φ whip-like, 126 (105–127), gT 27 (23–32), hT 25 (20–25); tarsus II 67 (61–71) long, about 4.5 (4.0– 5.1)× as long as its basal width (15 (14–17)); ω parallel sided and gradually tapered at its apex, 19 (19–20) long, wa 44 (37–44), ra 28 (24–32), la 25 (23–27), d 33 (29–35), e 5 (4–5), f 7 (6–8), s 5 (4–5), u basally merged with p, v basally merged with q, u = v = 3 (3–4), p = q = 5 (4–5), empodium 13 (11–16), claw 6 (5–6). Leg III (Fig 4 C). Femur III 42 (35–44); genu III 31 (26–32), σ 10, nG absent; tibia III 33 (28–37), φ whiplike, 117 (96–117), kT 36 (28–36); tarsus III 82 (73–82) long, 13 (12–15) wide at base, ratio length: width= 6.3 (5.4–6.3), w 39 (30–39), r 19 (15–18), d 48 (37–48), e 3 (3–4), f 4 (4–6), s 5 (4–5), u basally merged with p, v basally merged with q, u = v = 2 (2–3), p = q = 4, empodium 14 (12–16), claw 6 (5–6). Leg IV (Fig 4 D). Femur IV 47 (41–50), wF absent; genu IV 35 (30–39); tibia IV 36 (31–37), φ whip-like, 114 (98–117), kT 38 (34–40); tarsus IV 97 (91–198) long, 15 (13–17) wide at segment base, ratio length: width= 6.5 (5.8–7.4), w 33 (30–37) long, r 20 (18–22) long, d 44 (44–51), e and f absent, s 5 (5–6), u basally merged with p, v basally merged with q, u = v = 2, p = q = 4 (4–5), empodium 15 (12–16), claw 6 (6–6.5). MALE (n= 2; Figs. 6–10, Plate 2) Idiosomal length 350 (326–350), width at level between coxae II and III 205; cuticle without obvious striation. Chelicerae (Fig 8 A) robustly chelate, 75 (64–75), movable digit 28 (27–28), cheliceral seta cha conical, spiniform, 4; subcapitulum (Fig 8 B) bearing a pair of subcapitular setae m, 23; palpal supracoxal seta elcp normally at dorsolateral sides absent; dorsal palptibial seta filiform, 15 (12–15) long, lateral palptibial seta filiform, 14 (13–14), dorsal palptarsal seta filiform, 11, terminal palptarsal solenidion tiny, 4. Dorsum (Fig 6). Prodorsal shield as in female, faintly punctate, with posterior half wider than anterior half, 75 (75–76) long, width at anterior and posterior margins 59 and 86, respectively; Supracoxal sclerite elongate, duct of supracoxal gland prominent and opens at midway of supracoxal sclerite; Grandjean’s organ (Fig 8 C) smooth and short, finger-shaped, 4 long; supracoxal setae scx smooth, setiform, tapering from base to tip, 28 (27–28). Opisthonotal gland openings gla closer to e 2 than to d 2. One pair of tiny tubercles posteriad of h 1. External vertical setae ve represented by alveoli, distance between them 72. All other dorsal idiosomal setae filiform, without barbs; sce about 2.5 (2.5–2.7)× as long as sci; distance sci–sci 1.5 × as wide as sci–sce; lengths: vi 66 (66–69), sci 72 (67– 72), sce 181 (181–182); distances: vi– vi 9, sci–sci 39 (37–39), sci–sce 25. Hysterosomal setae, d 2 about 1.2 × length of c 1; lengths: c 1 75 (69–75), c 2 74 (74–76), cp 117 (110–117), c 3 54 (44–54), d 1 (69), d 2 89 (81–89), e 1 80 (80–81), e 2 84 (78–84), f 2 67 (67–71), h 1 78 (74–78), h 2 235 (232–235), h 3 absent; distances: c 1 –c 1 41 (41–44), c 1 –d 1 54, d 1 –d 1 45 (30–45), d 2 –gla 55 (54–55), d 1 – e 1 40 (40–44), e 1 – e 1 57 (44–57). PLATE 1. Acalvolia americana sp. nov. (female). A, prodorsal shield; B, supracoxal setae and ducts of supracoxal gland; C, coxae I and II; D, copulatory opening and spermatheca. Venter (Figs 7 and 8). Coxal apodemes I joined at midline as in female; coxal plates II larger than those in female, their posterior edges rounded, nearly reaching sejugal suture, sejugal apodeme represented by a simple suture; epigynal sclerite thickened, inverted U-shaped, its anterior rim contiguous with medial part of apodemes IV which is medially fused together. Ventral setae 3 a and 4 a absent, genital setae g anterior to genital papillae; lengths: 1 a = 32 (30–32), g= 30 (27–30). Genital opening situated between coxae IV, aedeagus (Figs 8 D and 8 E) gradually tapering from base to tip and medially curved. Anal opening surrounded by 3 pairs of pseudanal setae, about 1.3 × as long as distance between anterior rim of anus and posterior end of basal region of aedeagus: pseudanal setae ps 1 4.2 × as long as ps 2 and 4.0 (4.0– 4.6)× as long as ps 3, lengths: ps 3 = 43 (37–43), ps 2 = 41 (41–42), ps 1 = 172. Legs I and II slightly thicker than legs III and IV, tarsi I and II obviously shorter than those in female, each bearing a subterminal ventral sucker; lengths of legs I–IV: 165 (165–167), 165 (165–171), 202 (181–202) and 210 (198–210); all setae on trochanters, femora, genua and tibiae smooth and attenuate. Leg I (Figs 9 A and 10 A, B). Trochanter I with 8–12 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; femur I 42 (42–44), vF filiform, 53 (47–53); genu I 30, solenidia σ' 37 (34–37), σ" 55 (55–56); σ": σ'= 1.5 (1.5–1.6), setae cG 35 (34–35), mG 31 (27–31); tibia I 32, φ 100 (100–102), gT 27 (25–27), hT 25 (20–25); tarsus I 45 (44–45), about 2.3 (2.3– 2.6)× as long as its basal width (20 (17–20)), ω 1 parallel sided and gradually tapered at its apex, 18 (17–18) long, ε 4, ω 2 8 (7–8), ω 3 28 (28–32), setae wa 25 (25–30), ra 20, la 20, d 24 (22–24), e 6 (6–7), f 10; ventro-terminal sucker large, extending to base of wa, spine s indiscernible, u fully merged with p, v basally merged with q, about 4 (3.5– 4) in length; membranous empodium 15, claw 5.5 (5.5–6). Leg II (Figs 9 B and 10 C–E). Trochanter II with 8–12 minute teeth as in trochanter I; femur II 42 (42–44), vF 43 (42–43); genu II 32 (32–34), σ 22 (20–22), cG 30 (23–30), mG 19 (19–20); tibia II 32 (32–33), φ whip-like, 112 (112–124), gT 27 (23–27), hT 26 (22–26); tarsus II 43 long, about 2.5 (2.5–2.8)× as long as its basal width (17 (15–17)); ω parallel sided and gradually tapered at its apex, 17 (15–17) long, wa 26 (26–29), ra 21 (18–21), la 21 (17–21), d 37 (35–37), e 4 (4–5), f 8; ventro-terminal sucker large, extending to base of wa, spine s indiscernible, u fully merged with p and v basally merged with q, about 4 (3.5–4) in length; membranous empodium 16 (15–16), claw 5.5 (5.5–6). Leg III (Figs 9 C and 10 F, G). Femur III nude, 42 (35–42); genu III 27 (25–27), σ 10 (9–10), nG absent; tibia III 31 (30–31), φ whip-like, 119 (114–119), kT 34 (34–35); tarsus III 69 (69–72) long, 15 wide at base, ratio length: width= 4.6, w 35 (33–35), r 15 (11–15), d 45 (45–46), e 3, f 4, s 4, u fully merged with p and v with q, about 4.5 (4– 4.5) in length, empodium 14 (12–14), claw 5.5 (5.5–6). Leg IV (9 D and 10 H, I). Femur IV nude, 45 (42–45); genu IV nude, 30 (23–30); tibia IV 29 (29–31), φ whiplike, 120 (120–129), kT 40 (39–40); tarsus IV 77 (72–82) long, 15 wide at segment base, ratio length: width= 5.1 (5.1–5.5), w 36 (36–40) long, r 14 (13–14) long, d 51 (44–51), e and f absent, s 4 (3–4), u fully merged with p, v with q, about 4 (3–4) in length, empodium 12 (11–12), claw 5.5 (5.5–6). PLATE 2. Acalvolia americana sp. nov. (male). A, prodorsal shield and supracoxal setae; B, subcapitulum; C, genital area; D, tibia and tarsus of leg I; E, tibia and tarsus of leg II. TRITONYMPH (n= 1; Figs. 11–14) Idiosomal length 241, width at level between coxae II and III 156; cuticle without obvious striation. Chelicerae (Fig 13 A) robustly chelate, 54, movable digit 20, cheliceral seta cha conical, spiniform, 3; subcapitulum (Fig 13 B) bearing a pair of subcapitular setae m, 24; palpal supracoxal seta elcp normally at dorso-lateral sides absent; dorsal palptibial seta filiform, 18 long, lateral palptibial seta filiform, 12, dorsal palptarsal seta filiform, 7, terminal palptarsal solenidion tiny, 2.5. Dorsum (Fig 11). Prodorsal shield indiscernible. Supracoxal setae scx smooth, setiform, tapering from base to tip, 24. Opisthonotal gland openings gla very close to e 2. Opisthosomal tubercles perceptible. External vertical setae ve represented by alveoli, distance between them 63. All dorsal idiosomal setae (except ve) smooth, vi, sci, c 1, c 2, d 1, e 1, e 2 and h 1 subequal; sce obviously longer than sci, ratios: sce: sci= 3.1, sci–sci: sci–sce= 1.8; lengths: vi 55, sci 48, sce 147; distances: vi– vi 7, sci–sci 33, sci–sce 18. Hysterosomal setae, d 2 about 1.3 × length of c 1; lengths: c 1 50, c 2 51, cp 77, c 3 44 d 1 58, d 2 64, e 1 55, e 2 52, f 2 34, h 1 54, h 2 146, h 3 absent; distances: c 1 –c 1 33, c 1 –d 1 30, d 1 –d 1 30, d 2 –gla 38, d 1 – e 1 34, e 1 – e 1 38 Venter (Figs 12 and 13 c). Coxal apodemes I joined at midline, forming a prosternal apodeme directed posteromedially; coxal apodemes II directed posteromedially, plates large, extending far beyond apex of apodeme II, posterior margin convex; epigynal sclerite absent; apodemes III and IV directed medially, apodeme IV not connected with posterior sclerite of coxa III. Ventral 3 a anteriorad of genital opening, g at same level with anterior pair of genital papillae (Fig 13 C), 4 a absent; lengths: 1 a = 21, 3a= 29, g= 23. Genital opening a longitudinal slit, situated between coxae IV. Anal opening surrounded by 3 pairs of pseudanal setae, ps 1 4.4 × as long as ps 2 and 4.0× as long as ps 3, lengths: ps 3 = 35, ps 2 = 32, ps 1 = 141. Copulatory opening and spermathecal duct absent. Legs lengths (I–IV): 130, 129, 128 and 149; all setae on trochanters, femora, genua, tibiae and basal two thirds of tarsi smooth and attenuate. Leg I (Figs 14 A and 13 D). Trochanter I with 8–12 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; femur I 31, vF filiform, longer (45) than femur I; genu I 21, solenidia σ' 23, σ" 41; σ": σ'= 1.8, setae cG 29, mG 24; tibia I 22, φ 73, gT and hT subequal, 23 and 25, respectively; tarsus I 47 long, about 3.1 × as long as its basal width (15), ω 1 parallel sided and tapered at its apex, 15 long, ε 3.5, ω 2 6, ω 3 27, setae wa 33, ra 17, la 19, d 19, e 3, f 6; ventro-terminal spine s, 4.5, u basally merged with p and v basally merged with q, about 3 long; membranous empodium 10, claw 4.5. Leg II (Figs 14 B and 13 E). Trochanter II also has 8–12 minute teeth on anteromedial edge; femur II 27, vF 41; genu II 23, σ 15, cG 21, mG 16; tibia II 23, φ whip-like, 95, gT 15 hT 24; tarsus II 43 long, about 3.3 × as long as its basal width (13); ω parallel sided and gradually tapered at its apex, 18 long, wa 29 ra 16, la 16, d 18, e 3, f 6, s 4, u basally merged with p and v basally merged with q, about 3 long, empodium 11, claw 5.5. Leg III (Fig 14 C and 13 F). Femur III 25; genu III 21, σ 7, nG absent; tibia III 21, φ whip-like, 88, kT 24; tarsus III 51 long, 12 wide at base, length: width= 4.3, w 20, r 11, d 30, e 2.5, f 3, s 4, u basally merged with p and v basally merged with q, about 3.5 long, empodium 9, claw 5. Leg IV (Fig 14 D and 13 G). Femur IV 29, wF absent; genu IV 21; tibia IV 21, φ whip-like, 54, kT 19; tarsus IV 58 long, 12 wide at segment base, length: width= 4.8, w 17, r 14, d 31, e and f absent, s positioned close to midventral seta w, 3 long, u basally merged with p and v basally merged with q, u = v = 3, p = q = 2, empodium 9, claw 4.5. EGG (n= 9; Plate 3) Elongate-oval in shape, 136.5 (124.9–139.7) long, about 2.2 (1.9–2.2)× of width (61.3 (61.0– 72.3)); shell of newly formed egg smooth; shell of fully developed egg ornamented with scattered and linear tubercles and surmounted longitudinally by a crenulated band (8.7 wide). Distribution. USA (type locality not provided). Biology. This mite species was collected from orange fruit, near the calyx where mites were usually seen hiding. Conidia of Cladosporium sp. were found in the pigmented guts suggesting that this mite species is a fungus feeder. Etymology. The species name americana refers to the origin of this species in the United States of America. Remarks. Three characters (the well-developed duct of supracoxal gland, serrations on anteromedial edges of trochanters I and II in both sexes and the subterminal attachment of spermathecal duct to the spermatheca in female) with taxonomic importance at family level, are recognized in this paper. Acalvolia americana sp. nov. and specimens of the genera Calvolia, Czenspinskia, Neocalvolia and Oulenzia in PANZ share these characters. This species can be readily distinguished from the only known species, Acalvolia squamata (Oudemans, 1909), by the following key. PLATE 3. Acalvolia americana sp. nov. (fully developed egg). A, surface ornamentation and half view of the longitudinal circular band of unknown substance; B, surface ornamentation and the longitudinal circular band of unknown substance.Published as part of Fan, Qing-Hai, George, Sherly & Kumarasinghe, Lalith, 2010, Genus Acalvolia (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae), with the description of a new species from the USA, pp. 41-61 in Zootaxa 2719 on pages 42-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19984
Acalvolia Fain 1971
No full textAcalvolia Fain, 1971 Acalvolia Fain, 1971, 84(3–4): 281–284; Fain & Knülle, 1981, 7: 139–140. Type species: Vidia squamata Oudemans, 1909. Diagnosis. FEMALE. Ocelli absent; prodorsal shield widened posteriorly; setae sce at least 2 × as long as sci; supracoxal setae scx slender, smooth or slightly barbed; opisthosomal cuticle with 1 to 3 pairs of tiny tubercles (Fig. 1); idiosoma with 2 pairs of h setae and 3 pairs of ps setae; tarsi (excluding pretarsi) at least 5 × as long as their basal width. Chaetotaxy of legs I–IV: trochanter 1, 1, 1, 0; femora 1, 1, 0, 0; genua 2 + 2 σ, 2 + 1 σ, 1 σ, 0; tibiae 2 + 1 ϕ, 2 + 1 ϕ, 1 + 1 ϕ, 1 + 1 ϕ; tarsus I with 4 long setae (wa, ra, la and d) + 2 minute terminal setae (f and e) + 1 subterminal ventral spine (s) + 2 basally merged terminal ventral spines (u + p and v + q) + ω 1 + ω 2 + ω 3 + 1 ε; tarsus II similar to tarsus I but without ω 2, ω 3 and ε; genu I solenidion σ’ less than 2 × as long as σ”; σ on genu III nearly reaching base of tibia III; seta wa on tarsi I and II situated closer to la and ra rather than to ω 1; seta w on tarsi III and IV situated at same level with or slightly posterior to r rather than far from r. MALE. Ocelli absent; prodorsal shield, comparative lengths of sce and sci; structure of scx, number of h and ps setae, chaetotaxy of legs I–IV (except tarsi), comparative lengths of σ’ and σ” on genu I, size of σ on genu III and position of w on tarsi III and IV same as in female. Ventral setae 3 a and 4 a absent. Tarsi I and II (excluding pretarsi) less than 4 × as long as their basal width, their apicoventral portion modified into suckers, all setae situated at terminal half; tarsi I–IV with same number of setae as in female but terminal ventral spines u fully merged with p, and v fully merged with q, and subterminal ventral spine (s) on tarsi I and II indiscernible. Remarks. Fain (1971) established the genus, Acalvolia, based on the deutonymph of Vidia squamata Oudemans, 1909. Ten years later, Fain & Knülle (1981) described the adult female, adult male, tritonymph, deutonymph, protonymph and larva of Acalvolia squamata, and also provided a detailed definition of adult and deutonymph of the genus. This genus is very similar to Psylloglyphus but can be separated from the latter by having 1 to 3 pairs of small opisthosomal tubercles, having larger idiosoma length (more than 300 μm) and shorter spermathecal duct (not forming 5 or 6 loops) in female. Adults of this genus can also be readily distinguished from those in other genera of the family by the following combination of characters: ocelli absent, femur IV and genu III without setae; genu III with a dorsal solenidion.Published as part of Fan, Qing-Hai, George, Sherly & Kumarasinghe, Lalith, 2010, Genus Acalvolia (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae), with the description of a new species from the USA, pp. 41-61 in Zootaxa 2719 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19984
Data from: A HRM real-time PCR assay for rapid and specific identification of the emerging pest spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii)
No full textSpotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) is an emerging pest that began spreading in 2008 and its distribution now includes 13 countries across two continents. Countries where it is established have reported significant economic losses of fresh produce, such as cherries due to this species of fly. At larval stages, it is impossible to identify due to its striking similarities with other cosmopolitan and harmless drosophilids. Molecular methods allow identification but the current technique of DNA barcoding is time consuming. We developed and validated a rapid, highly sensitive and specific assay based on real-time PCR and high resolution melt (HRM) analysis using EvaGreen DNA intercalating dye chemistry. Performance characteristics of this qualitative assay, validation and applicability in a New Zealand quarantine framework are discussed. Application of this robust and independently validated assay across the spectrum of key food production and border protection industries will allow us to reduce the further spread of this damaging species worldwide
Sequence alignment for real-time PCR assay design for Drosophila suzukii
No full textSequence alignment (in FASTA format) of sequences from the study described in Dhami and Kumarasimghe 2014 for the development of species-specific real-time PCR based assay. Published and downloaded sequences have GenBank accession numbers, while unpublished sequences have ID numbers. For more information on these sequences please contact the authors. The variable regions (SNPs) were manually selected
A HRM real-time PCR assay for rapid and specific identification of the emerging pest spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii).
No full textSpotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) is an emerging pest that began spreading in 2008 and its distribution now includes 13 countries across two continents. Countries where it is established have reported significant economic losses of fresh produce, such as cherries due to this species of fly. At larval stages, it is impossible to identify due to its striking similarities with other cosmopolitan and harmless drosophilids. Molecular methods allow identification but the current technique of DNA barcoding is time consuming. We developed and validated a rapid, highly sensitive and specific assay based on real-time PCR and high resolution melt (HRM) analysis using EvaGreen DNA intercalating dye chemistry. Performance characteristics of this qualitative assay, validation and applicability in a New Zealand quarantine framework are discussed. Application of this robust and independently validated assay across the spectrum of key food production and border protection industries will allow us to reduce the further spread of this damaging species worldwide
